手少阳三焦之脉,二十三穴之间。关冲液门中渚,阳池外关通连,支沟会宗三阳络,四渎天井清冷渊,消
泺会肩 相联,天 处天牖之下,翳风让 脉居先,颅囟定而角孙近耳,丝竹空而和 接焉,耳门既辟,经
穴已全。
无名之外端关冲,液门小次指陷中,中渚液下去一寸,阳池腕上之陷中,外关腕后方二寸,腕后三寸支沟
容,腕后三寸内会宗,空中有穴用心攻,腕后四寸三阳络,四渎肘前五寸着,天井肘外大骨后,骨罅中间一寸
摸,肘后二寸清冷渊,消泺对腋臂外落, 会肩前三寸量,肩 上陷中央,天 缺盆陷处上,天牖天容之外
旁,翳风耳后尖角陷, 脉耳后青脉现,颅囟亦在青络脉,角孙耳廓中间上,耳门耳前起肉中,禾 耳前动脉
张,欲知丝竹空何在,眉后陷中仔细量。
耳聋浑 ,脉入耳中也。嗌肿喉痹,脉上项也。汗出,汗为心液,三焦为心包之表也。目锐 痛,脉至锐
也。耳后肩 肘臂外痛,小指次指不用,脉所经之地也。以上皆经病,未及腑病也。
三焦为相火之用,分布命门元气,主升降出入,游行天地之间,总领五脏六腑、营卫经络、内外上下左右
之气,号中清之府。上主纳,中主化,下主出。
本病(脏腑之病)
诸热瞀 ,(腑脏同病。)暴病暴卒暴喑,(火性急烈也。)躁扰狂越,谵妄惊骇,(腑脏同病,)诸血
溢血泄,(火盛则血热妄行。)诸气逆冲上,(火性炎上。)诸疮疡,(同脏病。)痘疹瘤核。(亦疮疡之类。)
三焦本病,上已详叙。以下六条,皆他脏他腑之病,诸经已载,此复详叙三焦条下者,以三焦总领五脏六
腑、营卫经络,无所不贯故也。
上(上谓心肺胸膈上脘诸经)热则喘满,诸呕吐酸,胸痞胁痛,食饮不消,头上汗出。
中(中谓脾胃两经)热则善饥而瘦,解 ,(尺脉缓涩谓之解 。)中满,诸胀腹大,诸病有声,鼓之
如鼓,上下关格不通,霍乱吐利。
下(下谓肝肾大小肠膀胱诸经)热则暴注下迫,水液混浊,下部肿满,小便淋沥或不通,大便闭结,下痢。
上寒(三焦属火,火实则热,火虚则寒)则吐饮食痰水,胸痹,前后引前,食已还出。
中寒则饮食不化,寒胀,仅胃吐水,湿泻不渴。
下寒则二便不禁,脐腹冷,疝痛。
标病(经络之病)
恶寒战栗,如丧神守,(同本脏病。)耳鸣耳聋,嗌干喉痹,(同经。)
诸病 肿疼酸,(本经在手,但三焦为决渎之官,水道不行,下注而为 肿。)惊骇,(惊必兼搐,证见手
足,故属标病。)手小指次指不用。(同经。)
手少阳三焦经的经脉,共有二十三个穴位。关冲、液门、中渚,阳池与外关相互连通,支沟、会宗、三阳络,四渎、天井、清冷渊,消泺与会宗、肩髎相连接,天髎位于天牖穴之下,翳风让位于脉(耳后青筋)之前,颅囟穴定位明确而角孙穴靠近耳朵,丝竹空穴与和髎穴相接,耳门穴已经开启,经络穴位已全部列全。
无名指外侧端有关冲穴,液门穴在小指与次指之间的凹陷处,中渚穴在液门穴下一寸处,阳池穴在手腕上方的凹陷处,外关穴在腕后两寸处,腕后三寸处容纳支沟穴,腕后三寸内侧是会宗穴,此处有空隙需用心探寻,腕后四寸处有三阳络穴,四渎穴在肘前五寸处固定,天井穴在肘外大骨后方,在骨缝中间一寸处触摸寻找,肘后二寸处是清冷渊穴,消泺穴正对腋下,沿臂外侧向下测量,会宗穴在肩前三寸处度量,肩髎穴在上陷中央,天髎穴在缺盆凹陷处上方,天牖穴在天容穴的外侧旁,翳风穴在耳后尖角凹陷处,脉(耳后青筋)在耳后青色脉络显现处,颅囟穴也在青色络脉处,角孙穴在耳廓中间上方,耳门穴在耳前隆起肌肉中,禾髎穴在耳前动脉搏动处,想知道丝竹空穴在哪里,仔细测量眉后凹陷处即可。
耳聋浑浑噩噩,是因为经脉进入耳中。咽喉肿痛喉痹,是因为经脉上行至颈部。出汗,汗为心之液,三焦是心包之表。目锐眦疼痛,因为经脉到达眼角。耳后、肩髎、肘、臂外侧疼痛,小指和次指不能活动,这是经脉所经过的地方。以上都是经脉病变,尚未涉及腑病。
三焦行使相火的功能,分布命门的元气,主管升降出入,游行于天地之间,总领五脏六腑、营卫经络、内外上下左右之气,被称为“中清之府”。上部主纳受,中部主消化,下部主排泄。
本病(脏腑本身的疾病)
各种热症导致的昏闷视物不清,(这是腑脏同病。)突发急病、突然昏倒或失音,(因为火性急烈。)烦躁扰乱、狂乱超越常态,谵语妄言、惊恐骇怕,(这是腑脏同病。)各种出血、溢血泄血,(火盛则血热妄行。)各种气逆冲向上,(火性炎上。)各种疮疡,(同属脏病。)痘疹瘤核。(也属于疮疡一类。)
三焦的本病,上面已经详细叙述。以下六条,都是其他脏腑的疾病,各经已有记载,这里再次在三焦条目下详细叙述,是因为三焦总领五脏六腑、营卫经络,无所不贯通的缘故。
上焦(上指心肺胸膈及上脘等经)热则气喘胸闷,各种呕吐酸水,胸痞胁痛,饮食不消化,头部出汗。
中焦(中指脾胃两经)热则容易饥饿但身体消瘦,懈惰(尺脉缓涩称为懈惰),腹部胀满,各种肿胀腹大,各种病症发出声响,叩击如鼓声,上下关格不通,霍乱吐泻。
下焦(下指肝肾大小肠膀胱等经)热则急性腹泻迫急,尿液混浊,下部肿胀满闷,小便淋沥或不通畅,大便闭结,痢疾。
上焦寒(三焦属火,火实则热,火虚则寒)则呕吐饮食痰水,胸痹,前后牵引疼痛,食物吃完后又吐出。
中焦寒则饮食不消化,寒胀,仅胃中吐水,湿泻且不口渴。
下焦寒则二便失禁,脐腹寒冷,疝痛。
标病(经络的病变)
恶寒战栗,如同丧失神志守护,(同本脏病。)耳鸣耳聋,咽喉干燥喉痹,(同经脉病。)
各种病症引起的浮肿疼痛酸楚,(本经在手,但三焦为决渎之官,水道不行,水水下注导致浮肿。)惊骇,(惊必兼抽搐,症状见于手足,故属于标病。)小指和次指不能活动。(同经脉病。)
The meridian of Hand-Shaoyang Sanjiao (Triple Burner) has twenty-three acupoints. Guanchong, Yemen, Zhongzhu; Yangchi connects with Waiguan; Zhigou, Huizong, and Sanyangluo; Sidu, Tianjing, and Qinglengyuan; Xiaoluo connects with Huizong and Jianliao; Tianliao is located below Tianyou; Yifeng precedes the blue vein (Qingmai); Lufeng is clearly defined, and Jiaosun is near the ear; Sizhukong connects with He'liao; Ermen opens up, completing the meridian points.
Guanchong is at the lateral end of the little finger; Yemen is in the depression between the fourth and fifth fingers; Zhongzhu is one cun below Yemen; Yangchi is in the depression above the wrist; Waiguan is two cun posterior to the wrist; Zhigou occupies three cun posterior to the wrist; Huizong is three cun posterior to the wrist on the medial side, where there is a cavity requiring careful exploration; Sanyangluo is four cun posterior to the wrist; Sidu is fixed five cun anterior to the elbow; Tianjing is behind the large bone laterally at the elbow, found by palpating one cun within the interosseous gap; Qinglengyuan is two cun posterior to the elbow; Xiaoluo is opposite the axilla, descending along the lateral arm; Huizong is measured three cun anterior to the shoulder; Jianliao is in the central depression above; Tianliao is above the depression of Quepen; Tianyou is lateral to Tianrong; Yifeng is in the depression at the posterior angle of the ear; the blue vein appears posterior to the ear; Lufeng is also on the blue collateral vessel; Jiaosun is superior to the middle of the auricle; Ermen is in the muscle prominence anterior to the ear; Heliao is where the artery pulses anterior to the ear. To know where Sizhukong is, carefully measure the depression posterior to the eyebrow.
Deafness and muddled hearing occur because the meridian enters the ear. Swollen throat and Bi syndrome occur because the meridian ascends to the neck. Sweating occurs because sweat is the fluid of the Heart, and the Sanjiao is the exterior of the Pericardium. Pain at the outer canthus occurs because the meridian reaches the sharp angle of the eye. Pain in the post-auricular region, Jianliao, elbow, and lateral arm, along with dysfunction of the fourth and fifth fingers, occurs because these are areas traversed by the meridian. The above are all Meridian diseases, not yet involving Fu-organ diseases.
The Sanjiao executes the function of Ministerial Fire, distributing the Yuan Qi of the Gate of Vitality, governing ascending, descending, exiting, and entering, roaming between Heaven and Earth, and commanding the Qi of the Five Zang and Six Fu organs, Ying and Wei, meridians, and internal/external, upper/lower, left/right aspects. It is called the "Middle Clear Mansion." The upper part governs reception, the middle part governs transformation, and the lower part governs excretion.
Ben Disease (Diseases of the Zang-Fu organs themselves):
Various heat syndromes causing mental confusion and visual impairment, (indicating simultaneous Zang and Fu disease). Sudden acute illness, sudden collapse, or aphonia, (because Fire nature is urgent and fierce). Restlessness, agitation, mania, delirium, and fright, (simultaneous Zang and Fu disease). Various hemorrhages, bleeding, and purging, (excessive Fire causes blood heat and reckless movement). Various rebellious Qi rushing upward, (Fire nature flares upward). Various sores and ulcers, (same as Zang disease). Smallpox, rashes, tumors, and nodules. (Also a category of sores and ulcers.)
The Ben diseases of the Sanjiao have been detailed above. The following six items are diseases of other Zang and Fu organs, already recorded in their respective meridians, but repeated here under the Sanjiao section because the Sanjiao commands all Zang and Fu organs, Ying and Wei, and meridians, penetrating everything without exception.
Upper [Upper refers to the Heart, Lung, chest, diaphragm, upper epigastrium, and other meridians]: Heat causes panting and fullness, various vomiting and acid regurgitation, chest oppression and hypochondriac pain, indigestion of food and drink, and sweating on the head.
Middle [Middle refers to the Spleen and Stomach meridians]: Heat causes easy hunger but emaciation, lethargy (defined as slow and choppy Chi pulse), abdominal fullness, various swellings and distended abdomen, audible sounds from various diseases, drum-like resonance upon percussion, obstruction preventing ascent and descent, cholera with vomiting and diarrhea.
Lower [Lower refers to the Liver, Kidney, Large Intestine, Small Intestine, Bladder, and other meridians]: Heat causes acute diarrhea with tenesmus, turbid urine, swelling and fullness in the lower body, dribbling or obstruction of urination, constipation, and dysentery.
Upper Cold (Sanjiao belongs to Fire; excess Fire is Heat, deficiency Fire is Cold): Causes vomiting of food, drink, phlegm, and water; chest Bi; pain radiating forward and backward; regurgitation after eating.
Middle Cold: Causes inability to digest food, cold distension, only vomiting water from the stomach, damp diarrhea without thirst.
Lower Cold: Causes incontinence of feces and urine, cold umbilicus and abdomen, and hernia pain.
Biao Disease (Meridian diseases):
Aversion to cold and shivering, as if losing spiritual guardianship, (same as Ben Zang disease). Tinnitus and deafness, dry throat and Bi syndrome, (same as Meridian disease).
Various diseases causing edema, pain, and soreness, (The meridian is on the hand, but Sanjiao is the Official of Drainage Ditches; when water pathways fail, water flows downward causing edema.). Fright, (Fright must be accompanied by convulsions, symptoms appearing in hands and feet, thus belonging to Biao disease.). Dysfunction of the fourth and fifth fingers. (Same as Meridian disease.)