手阳明,廿穴名。循商阳二间三间而行,历合谷阳溪之俞,
过偏历温溜之滨,下廉上廉三里而近,曲池肘 五里之程,臂 肩 上于巨骨,天鼎纡乎扶突,禾 唇连,迎
香鼻迫。
商阳食指内侧边,二间来寻本节前,三间节后陷中取,合谷虎口歧骨间,阳溪上侧腕中是,偏历腕后三寸
安,温溜腕后去五寸,池前五寸下廉看,池前三寸上廉中,池前二寸三里逢,曲池屈骨纹头尽,肘 大骨外廉
近,大筋中央寻五里,肘上三寸行向里,臂 肘上七寸量,肩 肩端举臂取,巨骨肩尖端上行,天鼎喉旁四寸
真,扶突天突旁五寸,禾 水沟旁五分,迎香禾 上一寸,大肠经穴是分明。
大肠主津液,故言津液所生病。上二证是本经自病,下诸证或本经或合他经也,皆未言及腑病,举例以概
其余也。齿痛,脉入齿缝也。颈肿,脉上行于颈也。目黄,合太阳、少阳经病也。口干,脉挟口也。鼽衄,脉
挟鼻孔也。喉咙,肺系,脏腑相连也。肩 痛,脉上肩 也。次指不用,脉起于次指也。实则热肿,虚则寒栗
,以寒热分虚实也。
大肠属金,主变化,为传送之官。
本病(脏腑之病)
大便闭结,泄痢下血,里急后重,疽痔,脱肛,肠鸣而痛。(以上诸证,或虚或实,或寒或热,皆本腑病,
补经所未备。)
标病(经络之病)
齿痛,喉痹,颈肿,口干,(俱同经。)咽中如梗,(咽非本经,脉入缺盆循胃脉外,近于咽。)鼽衄,
目黄,手大指次指痛,(俱同经。)宿食发热,(宿食在内,发热在外,故为标病。)寒栗。(同经。)
手阳明大肠经,共有二十个穴位。经脉循行从商阳穴开始,经过二间、三间,到达合谷、阳溪等腧穴,经过偏历、温溜的岸边,下行至下廉、上廉,靠近三里穴,经过曲池、肘髎、五里的路程,沿臂臑、肩髃上行至巨骨穴,在天鼎处迂回至扶突穴,禾髎穴连接嘴唇,迎香穴逼近鼻子。
商阳穴位于食指内侧边缘,二间穴在本节(近侧指间关节)前寻找,三间穴在节后凹陷中取穴,合谷穴在手虎口歧骨之间,阳溪穴在上侧腕部中间,偏历穴在腕后三寸处安放,温溜穴在腕后五寸处,曲池穴前五寸为下廉,曲池穴前三寸为上廉,曲池穴前二寸为手三里,曲池穴在屈肘时横纹尽头处,肘髎穴在大骨外侧附近,五里穴在大筋中央寻找,在肘上三寸向内行进,臂臎穴在肘上七寸处测量,肩髃穴在肩端举臂时取穴,巨骨穴在肩尖端向上行,天鼎穴在喉旁四寸处,扶突穴在天突穴旁五寸,禾髎穴在水沟穴旁五分,迎香穴在禾髎穴上一寸,大肠经的穴位分布十分清晰。
大肠主管津液,所以论述津液所生的疾病。上面两种证候是本经自身的病变,下面各种证候或者是本经病变,或者合并其他经络的病变,都没有提及腑病,通过举例来概括其余情况。齿痛,是因为经脉进入齿缝。颈肿,是因为经脉上行于颈部。目黄,是合并太阳经、少阳经的病变。口干,是因为经脉挟持口部。鼻流清涕或鼻出血,是因为经脉挟持鼻孔。喉咙,属于肺系,脏腑相连。肩髃痛,是因为经脉上行至肩髃。次指(食指)不能活动,是因为经脉起于次指。实证表现为热肿,虚证表现为寒栗,以寒热来区分虚实。
大肠属金,主管变化,是传送的官职。
本病(脏腑本身的疾病)
大便闭结,泄泻痢疾便血,里急后重,疽疮痔疮,脱肛,肠鸣且疼痛。(以上诸证,或虚或实,或寒或热,都是本腑的疾病,补充了经文所未备述的内容。)
标病(经络的疾病)
齿痛,喉痹,颈肿,口干,(都同属本经病变。)咽中如有物梗阻,(咽部非本经所过,但经脉入缺盆沿胃脉外行,接近咽部。)鼻流清涕或鼻出血,目黄,手大指和次指疼痛,(都同属本经病变。)宿食发热,(宿食在内,发热在外,所以称为标病。)寒栗。(同属本经病变。)
The Hand-Yangming Large Intestine Meridian has twenty acupoints. The meridian pathway starts from Shangyang (LI1), passes through Erjian (LI2) and Sanjian (LI3), reaches the Shu-stream points Hegu (LI4) and Yangxi (LI5), crosses Pianli (LI6) and Wenliu (LI7), descends to Xialian (LI8) and Shanglian (LI9), approaches Sanli (LI10), traverses the distance of Quchi (LI11), Zhouliao (LI12), and Wuli (LI13), ascends along Binao (LI14) and Jianyu (LI15) to Jugu (LI16), winds around Tianding (LI17) to Futu (LI18), He'liao (LI19) connects to the lips, and Yingxiang (LI20) is close to the nose.
Shangyang (LI1) is located on the medial side of the index finger; Erjian (LI2) is sought before the proximal interphalangeal joint; Sanjian (LI3) is located in the depression behind the joint; Hegu (LI4) is between the divergent bones of the tiger's mouth; Yangxi (LI5) is in the center of the wrist on the radial side; Pianli (LI6) is secured three cun distal to the wrist crease; Wenliu (LI7) is five cun distal to the wrist crease; Xialian (LI8) is seen five cun proximal to Quchi (LI11); Shanglian (LI9) is three cun proximal to Quchi (LI11); Sanli (LI10) is encountered two cun proximal to Quchi (LI11); Quchi (LI11) is at the end of the transverse cubital crease when the elbow is flexed; Zhouliao (LI12) is near the lateral margin of the large bone of the elbow; Wuli (LI13) is found in the center of the large tendon, moving inward three cun above the elbow; Binao (LI14) is measured seven cun above the elbow; Jianyu (LI15) is taken at the shoulder tip with the arm raised; Jugu (LI16) ascends from the tip of the shoulder; Tianding (LI17) is truly four cun lateral to the throat; Futu (LI18) is five cun lateral to Tiantu (CV22); He'liao (LI19) is five fen lateral to Shuigou (GV26); Yingxiang (LI20) is one cun superior to He'liao. The acupoints of the Large Intestine Meridian are clearly defined.
The Large Intestine governs Jin Ye (body fluids), hence it discusses diseases generated by Jin Ye (body fluids). The aforementioned two syndromes are self-diseases of this meridian; the subsequent syndromes may be diseases of this meridian or combined with other meridians. None of them mention Fu-organ diseases; examples are given to generalize the rest. Toothache occurs because the meridian enters the tooth gaps. Neck swelling occurs because the meridian ascends to the neck. Yellow eyes result from combined Taiyang (Greater Yang) and Shaoyang (Lesser Yang) meridian diseases. Dry mouth occurs because the meridian flanks the mouth. Rhinorrhea or epistaxis occurs because the meridian flanks the nasal cavity. The throat belongs to the Lung system, as Zang-Fu organs are connected. Jianyu (LI15) pain occurs because the meridian ascends to Jianyu (LI15). Inability to use the second finger (index finger) occurs because the meridian originates from the second finger. Excess patterns manifest as hot swelling, while deficiency patterns manifest as chills, distinguishing excess and deficiency by cold and heat.
The Large Intestine belongs to Metal, governs transformation, and serves as the official of transmission.
Ben Bing (Zang-Fu organ diseases):
Constipation, dysentery with bloody stool, tenesmus, carbuncles and hemorrhoids, rectal prolapse, borborygmus with pain. (The above syndromes, whether excess or deficiency, cold or heat, are all diseases of this Fu-organ, supplementing what was not prepared in the classic text.)
Biao Bing (Meridian diseases):
Toothache, sore throat (Hou Bi), neck swelling, dry mouth, (all same meridian); sensation of a lump in the throat, (the throat is not traversed by this meridian, but the meridian enters the Quepen area, follows the exterior of the Stomach meridian, and is close to the throat); rhinorrhea or epistaxis, yellow eyes, pain in the thumb and index finger, (all same meridian); fever due to retained food, (retained food inside, fever outside, thus considered a Biao disease); chills. (Same meridian.)