痢疾者，腹痛下利脓血，或赤或白，或赤白相兼，里急后重。其证有因外感风寒暑湿而致者。有因食饮
不节，起居不时，阴受之而入五脏，则填满闭塞，下为飧泄，久为肠 者，有因于奇恒之下利者，乃三阳
并至，三阴莫当，病起甚速，九窍皆
塞，阳气滂溢，干嗌喉塞，阳并于阴，其痛上下无常，其脉反缓小沉涩者。如外感下利发热，而仍恶寒者
，以当归四逆汤主之。如外感下利发热，胸胁满而呕吐者，以小柴胡汤主之。如外感发热
而内复有热，因挟热下利者，以葛根黄芩黄连甘草汤主之。如因饮食不节，起居不时，外受风寒，而内伤
生冷，致成泻痢，宜温中去湿者，以抑扶煎主之。如因触受阴寒，腹痛甚紧，手足厥冷，宜大温中者，
以四逆汤加白芍主之。如土湿木郁，宜清风热而去寒湿者，以桂枝苁蓉汤主之。如奇恒痢疾，或噤口不食者
，以大承气汤主之。如脾湿生寒，宜温燥己土者，以桃花汤主之。如肝郁生热，宜疏泄风木者，以白头翁
汤加阿胶甘草主之。
当归四逆汤
当归（三钱） 白芍（三钱） 桂枝（三钱） 甘草（二钱炙） 细辛（一钱） 木通
（一钱） 大枣（四枚） 水煎大半杯，温服。寒者加生姜、吴茱萸各二钱。
小柴胡汤
（方见瘟疫）
葛根黄连黄芩甘草汤
葛根（二钱） 黄芩（二钱） 黄连（二钱） 甘草（一钱） 水三杯，先煮葛根
至一杯半，吹去沫，入诸药，煎七分，温服。
抑扶煎
浓朴（二钱） 陈皮（三钱） 乌药（二钱） 猪苓（三钱） 泽泻（三钱） 干姜（二钱） 吴茱
萸
（一钱） 甘草（二钱） 水煎大半杯，温服。
四逆汤
（方见呕吐） 加白芍二钱，水煎服。如寒盛，姜附宜重用。
桂枝苁蓉汤
桂枝（三钱） 甘草（二钱） 芍药（三钱） 丹皮（三钱） 茯苓（三钱） 泽泻（三钱）
橘皮（三钱） 肉苁蓉（三钱） 水煎大半杯，温服。湿寒加干姜，湿热加黄芩。
大承气汤
（方见温证）
桃花汤
赤石脂（六钱研末） 干姜（二钱） 粳米（五钱） 水煎大半杯，温服。
白头翁汤
白头翁（一钱） 黄连（一钱半） 黄柏（一钱半） 秦皮（一钱半） 阿胶（三钱） 甘草
（二钱） 水煎大半杯，温服。
痢疾，表现为腹痛、排泄脓血便，粪便颜色或红或白，或红白相间，伴有里急后重感。其病因有因外感风寒暑湿邪气所致者；有因饮食不节制、起居作息无规律，导致阴邪侵入五脏，致使脏腑充满闭塞，向下发展为完谷不化的泄泻，日久则演变为肠澼（痢疾）者；还有属于奇恒之病范畴的下利，乃三阳经邪气并至，三阴经无法抵挡，发病极为迅速，九窍皆被阻塞，阳气盛大溢出，咽喉干燥堵塞，阳气并入阴分，疼痛部位上下无常，脉象反而呈现缓、小、沉、涩的特点。
若为外感邪气导致的下利且发热，但仍怕冷者，以当归四逆汤主治。若为外感邪气导致的下利发热，伴有胸胁胀满且呕吐者，以小柴胡汤主治。若为外感发热，体内又有热邪，因挟带热邪而下利者，以葛根黄芩黄连甘草汤主治。若因饮食不节、起居不时，外受风寒，内伤生冷，从而形成泻痢，适宜温中祛湿者，以抑扶煎主治。若因感受阴寒之气，腹痛剧烈拘紧，手足厥冷，适宜大温中焦者，以四逆汤加白芍主治。若因脾土湿气重而肝木郁结，适宜清散风热并去除寒湿者，以桂枝苁蓉汤主治。若为奇恒痢疾，或出现噤口痢（不能进食）者，以大承气汤主治。若因脾湿生寒，适宜温燥脾土者，以桃花汤主治。若因肝气郁结化热，适宜疏泄风木（肝气）者，以白头翁汤加阿胶、甘草主治。
当归四逆汤
当归（三钱）、白芍（三钱）、桂枝（三钱）、甘草（二钱，炙）、细辛（一钱）、木通（一钱）、大枣（四枚）。用水煎煮取大半杯，温服。若寒邪较重，加生姜、吴茱萸各二钱。
小柴胡汤
（方剂见“瘟疫”章节）
葛根黄连黄芩甘草汤
葛根（二钱）、黄芩（二钱）、黄连（二钱）、甘草（一钱）。水三杯，先煮葛根至一杯半，撇去浮沫，加入其他药物，煎至七分量，温服。
抑扶煎
浓朴（二钱）、陈皮（三钱）、乌药（二钱）、猪苓（三钱）、泽泻（三钱）、干姜（二钱）、吴茱萸（一钱）、甘草（二钱）。用水煎煮取大半杯，温服。
四逆汤
（方剂见“呕吐”章节）。加白芍二钱，用水煎服。若寒邪极盛，干姜、附子宜重用。
桂枝苁蓉汤
桂枝（三钱）、甘草（二钱）、芍药（三钱）、丹皮（三钱）、茯苓（三钱）、泽泻（三钱）、橘皮（三钱）、肉苁蓉（三钱）。用水煎煮取大半杯，温服。若为湿寒证加干姜，若为湿热证加黄芩。
大承气汤
（方剂见“温证”章节）
桃花汤
赤石脂（六钱，研末）、干姜（二钱）、粳米（五钱）。用水煎煮取大半杯，温服。
白头翁汤
白头翁（一钱）、黄连（一钱半）、黄柏（一钱半）、秦皮（一钱半）、阿胶（三钱）、甘草（二钱）。用水煎煮取大半杯，温服。
Dysentery is characterized by abdominal pain and the passage of pus and blood in the stool, which may be red, white, or a mixture of both, accompanied by tenesmus (a feeling of incomplete defecation). The etiology includes cases caused by external contraction of wind-cold, summer-heat, and dampness; cases resulting from irregular diet and improper daily routine, where yin pathogens invade the five zang organs, causing fullness and obstruction, leading downward to undigested food diarrhea (sun-xie), which over time evolves into changpi (intestinal dysentery); and cases belonging to the category of "qi heng" (abnormal) diarrhea, where pathogenic factors from the three yang meridians converge and overwhelm the three yin meridians. These conditions arise rapidly, with all nine orifices blocked, excessive overflowing of yang qi, dry throat and pharyngeal obstruction, yang merging into yin, pain occurring unpredictably up and down, and a pulse that is paradoxically slow, small, deep, and choppy.
If dysentery with fever is caused by external contraction but chills persist, Danggui Sini Tang (Angelica Decoction for Cold Extremities) is indicated. If dysentery with fever is accompanied by chest and hypochondriac fullness and vomiting due to external contraction, Xiaochaihu Tang (Minor Bupleurum Decoction) is indicated. If fever from external contraction is compounded by internal heat, resulting in dysentery with heat, Gegen Huangqin Huanglian Gancao Tang (Kudzu, Scutellaria, Coptis, and Licorice Decoction) is indicated. If diarrhea and dysentery result from irregular diet and routine, external contraction of wind-cold, and internal injury from raw/cold foods, requiring warming of the middle jiao and dispelling of dampness, Yifu Jian (Supporting and Suppressing Decoction) is indicated. If severe abdominal pain with tightness and cold extremities result from exposure to yin-cold, requiring significant warming of the middle jiao, Sini Tang (Frigid Extremities Decoction) added with Baishao (White Peony Root) is indicated. If spleen-earth dampness leads to liver-wood stagnation, requiring clearing of wind-heat and removal of cold-dampness, Guizhi Congrong Tang (Cinnamon Twig and Cistanche Decoction) is indicated. For abnormal dysentery or jin kou li (closed-mouth dysentery where the patient cannot eat), Dachengqi Tang (Major Order the Qi Decoction) is indicated. If spleen-dampness generates cold, requiring warming and drying of spleen-earth, Taohua Tang (Peach Blossom Decoction) is indicated. If liver-stagnation generates heat, requiring soothing and draining of liver-wood, Baitouweng Tang (Pulsatilla Decoction) added with Ejiao (Donkey-Hide Gelatin) and Gancao (Licorice Root) is indicated.
Danggui Sini Tang (Angelica Decoction for Cold Extremities)
Danggui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix, 3 qian), Baishao (Paeoniae Radix Alba, 3 qian), Guizhi (Cinnamomi Ramulus, 3 qian), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, 2 qian, honey-fried), Xixin (Asari Radix et Rhizoma, 1 qian), Mutong (Akebiae Caulis, 1 qian), Dazao (Ziziphi Jujubae Fructus, 4 pieces). Decoct in water, take half cup warm. If cold is severe, add Shengjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens, 2 qian) and Wuzhuyu (Evodiae Fructus, 2 qian).
Xiaochaihu Tang (Minor Bupleurum Decoction)
(See formula under "Plague")
Gegen Huanglian Huangqin Gancao Tang (Kudzu, Coptis, Scutellaria, and Licorice Decoction)
Gegen (Puerariae Lobatae Radix, 2 qian), Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix, 2 qian), Huanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma, 2 qian), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, 1 qian). Use three cups of water, first decoct Gegen until one and a half cups remain, skim off foam, add other herbs, decoct to seven-tenths volume, take warm.
Yifu Jian (Supporting and Suppressing Decoction)
Noupo (Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex, 2 qian), Chenpi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium, 3 qian), Wuyao (Linderae Radix, 2 qian), Zhuling (Polyporus, 3 qian), Zexie (Alismatis Rhizoma, 3 qian), Ganjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma, 2 qian), Wuzhuyu (Evodiae Fructus, 1 qian), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, 2 qian). Decoct in water, take half cup warm.
Sini Tang (Frigid Extremities Decoction)
(See formula under "Vomiting"). Add Baishao (Paeoniae Radix Alba, 2 qian), decoct in water and take. If cold is extreme, Ganjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma) and Fuzi (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata) should be used in heavy doses.
Guizhi Congrong Tang (Cinnamon Twig and Cistanche Decoction)
Guizhi (Cinnamomi Ramulus, 3 qian), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, 2 qian), Shaoyao (Paeoniae Radix, 3 qian), Danpi (Moutan Cortex, 3 qian), Fuling (Poria, 3 qian), Zexie (Alismatis Rhizoma, 3 qian), Ju pi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium, 3 qian), Roucongrou (Cistanches Herba, 3 qian). Decoct in water, take half cup warm. Add Ganjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma) for cold-damp; add Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix) for damp-heat.
Dachengqi Tang (Major Order the Qi Decoction)
(See formula under "Warm Disease")
Taohua Tang (Peach Blossom Decoction)
Chishizhi (Halloysit Rubra, 6 qian, powdered), Ganjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma, 2 qian), Jingmi (Oryza Sativa Germen, 5 qian). Decoct in water, take half cup warm.
Baitouweng Tang (Pulsatilla Decoction)
Baitouweng (Pulsatillae Radix, 1 qian), Huanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma, 1.5 qian), Huangbai (Phellodendri Cortex, 1.5 qian), Qinpi (Fraxini Cortex, 1.5 qian), Ejiao (Colla Corii Asini, 3 qian), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, 2 qian). Decoct in water, take half cup warm.