伤寒脉浮，自汗出，小便数，心烦，微恶寒，脚挛急，反与桂枝汤欲攻其表，此误也。得之便厥，
咽中干，躁烦吐逆者，作甘草干姜汤与之，以复其阳。若厥愈足温者，更作芍药甘草汤，其脚即伸。问曰
∶证象阳旦，按法治之而增剧，厥逆，咽中干，两胫拘急而谵语。师言夜半手足当温，两脚当伸，后如师
言。何以知此？答曰∶寸口脉浮而大，浮则为风，大则为虚，风则生微热，虚则两胫挛，病证象桂枝，因
加附子参其间，增桂令汗出，附子温经，亡阳故也。厥逆咽中干，烦躁，阳明内结，谵语烦乱，更饮甘草干
姜汤，夜半阳气还，两足当温、胫尚微拘急，重与甘草芍药汤，尔乃胫伸。以承气汤，微溏则止其谵语，故
知病可愈。发汗，病不解，反恶寒者，虚故也。芍药甘草附子汤主之。伤寒阳脉涩，阴脉弦，法当腹中急
痛者，先用小建中汤。呕家，不可与建中汤，以甜故也。伤寒二三日，心中悸而烦者，小建中汤主之。
按以上诸证，或误汗伤阳，或误汗伤阴，或汗后阴阳并伤，或木克土而中气被伤，均可谓之虚证也，故
以里虚证统之。
甘草干姜汤
甘草（四钱炙） 干姜（二钱炮） 水煎服。
按发汗重亡其阳，里实变而为里虚，故用甘草培土而补中，干姜温胃而降逆也。
芍药甘草汤
芍药（四钱） 甘草（四钱炙） 水煎服。按汗出伤阴，木燥金缩，故用甘草舒筋
而缓急，芍药清风而润燥也。
芍药甘草附子汤
芍药（三钱） 甘草（三钱炙） 附子（一钱）
水煎服。按汗泄血中温气，木郁而阳陷，故用芍药清风而敛营血，甘草培土而荣木气，附子暖水以补温气也。
小建中汤
芍药（六钱） 桂枝（三钱） 甘草（二钱） 生姜（三钱） 胶饴 大枣（四枚）
水煎服。按肝胆合邪，风火郁发，中气被贼，势难延缓，故用胶饴、甘、枣补脾经。而缓急痛，姜、桂、芍
药达木郁而清风火也。
伤寒病，脉象浮，自汗出，小便频数，心烦，轻微怕冷，脚部拘挛急迫，反而给予桂枝汤想要攻解表邪，这是错误的。服药后出现四肢厥冷，咽喉干燥，躁动烦乱、呕吐逆气的症状，应当制作甘草干姜汤给予服用，以恢复其阳气。如果四肢厥冷痊愈、足部变温暖了，再制作芍药甘草汤，其脚部就能伸直。有人问：证候表现像阳旦证（即桂枝汤证），按照常规法治疗却病情加重，出现四肢逆冷，咽喉干燥，两小腿拘挛急迫并且说胡话。老师说半夜时手足应当变暖，两脚应当伸直，后来果然如老师所说。为什么能预知这种情况？回答说：寸口脉浮而大，浮脉主风邪，大脉主虚证，风邪则产生微热，虚证则导致两小腿拘挛，病症表象像桂枝汤证，因此加入附子在其中，增加桂枝用量令其出汗，附子温通经脉，是因为阳气亡失的缘故。出现四肢逆冷、咽喉干燥、烦躁，阳明经内部结滞，说胡话且烦乱，再次饮用甘草干姜汤，夜半时分阳气回归，两足应当变暖，小腿仍然轻微拘挛急迫，再次给予甘草芍药汤，然后小腿才能伸直。再用承气汤，大便微溏即可停止服用以消除说胡话的症状，所以知道病可以痊愈。发汗后，病未解除，反而更加怕冷的，是正气虚弱所致。用芍药甘草附子汤主治。伤寒病，阳脉涩，阴脉弦，按法应当腹中急痛，先用小建中汤。经常呕吐的人，不可给予建中汤，因为其中含有甜味的原因。伤寒二三日，心中悸动且烦乱的，用小建中汤主治。
以上诸种证候，有的是误用发汗损伤阳气，有的是误用发汗损伤阴液，有的是发汗后阴阳同时受损，有的是木气克伐土气而中气被伤，都可以称为虚证，因此统称为里虚证。
甘草干姜汤
炙甘草（四钱） 炮干姜（二钱） 水煎服。
按语：发汗过重导致阳气大量亡失，里实证转变为里虚证，所以用甘草培补脾土以补益中气，用干姜温胃以降逆气。
芍药甘草汤
芍药（四钱） 炙甘草（四钱） 水煎服。
按语：汗出过多损伤阴液，肝木燥而肺金缩，所以用甘草舒缓筋脉而缓解急迫，用芍药清散风邪而滋润燥热。
芍药甘草附子汤
芍药（三钱） 炙甘草（三钱） 附子（一钱）
水煎服。
按语：发汗泄去血中的温气，肝木郁结而阳气下陷，所以用芍药清散风邪而收敛营血，用甘草培补脾土以荣养肝木之气，用附子温暖肾水以补益温气。
小建中汤
芍药（六钱） 桂枝（三钱） 甘草（二钱） 生姜（三钱） 胶饴 大枣（四枚）
水煎服。
按语：肝胆合邪，风火郁结而发作，中气受到贼邪侵害，形势难以延缓，所以用胶饴、甘草、大枣补益脾经，从而缓解急痛；用生姜、桂枝、芍药通达肝木之郁结并清散风火。
In Shaoyang disease (Shaoyang syndrome), the pulse is floating, there is spontaneous sweating, frequent urination, mental restlessness, slight aversion to cold, and cramping of the feet. Administering Guizhi Tang (Cinnamon Twig Decoction) in an attempt to attack the exterior is a mistake. Subsequently, the patient develops cold limbs (Jue), dryness in the throat, irritability, vomiting, and regurgitation. One should prepare Gancao Ganjiang Tang (Licorice and Dried Ginger Decoction) for administration to restore Yang Qi. If the cold limbs resolve and the feet become warm, one should then prepare Shaoyao Gancao Tang (Peony and Licorice Decoction), at which point the legs will extend. A question was asked: The symptoms resemble Yangdan Syndrome (which corresponds to Guizhi Tang pattern), yet treatment according to standard methods resulted in worsening condition, including cold limbs, dry throat, bilateral calf cramps, and delirium. The Master stated that by midnight, the hands and feet would become warm, and the legs would extend; this indeed happened later. How could this be known? The answer is: The Cun Kou (radial artery) pulse is floating and large. Floating indicates Wind pathogen, while large indicates Deficiency. Wind generates slight heat, and Deficiency causes bilateral calf cramps. The clinical presentation resembles the Guizhi Tang pattern; therefore, Fuzi (Aconite Lateralis Radix Preparata) was added, and the dosage of Guizhi (Cinnamon Twig) was increased to induce sweating. Fuzi warms the meridians because of the loss of Yang Qi. With cold limbs, dry throat, irritability, internal binding in the Yangming channel, delirium, and confusion, administering Gancao Ganjiang Tang again allows Yang Qi to return by midnight, warming the feet. Although the calves remain slightly cramped, administering Shaoyao Gancao Tang again allows the calves to extend. Subsequently, Chengqi Tang (Gut-Draining Decoction) is used; once the stool becomes slightly loose, it is stopped to resolve delirium, thus knowing the disease can be cured. After sweating, if the disease does not resolve but aversion to cold worsens, it is due to Deficiency. Shaoyao Gancao Fuzi Tang (Peony, Licorice, and Aconite Decoction) is the primary treatment. In Shaoyang disease, if the Yang pulse is choppy and the Yin pulse is taut (Xian), abdominal acute pain is expected according to the method; Xiao Jianzhong Tang (Minor Construct the Middle Decoction) should be used first. For patients with chronic vomiting, Jianzhong Tang should not be administered due to its sweetness. In Shaoyang disease, if after two or three days there is palpitations and irritability, Xiao Jianzhong Tang is the primary treatment.
Regarding the above syndromes, some involve damage to Yang Qi from erroneous sweating, some involve damage to Yin fluids from erroneous sweating, some involve simultaneous damage to both Yin and Yang after sweating, and some involve Wood overacting on Earth damaging the Middle Qi. All can be termed Deficiency Syndromes, hence they are collectively categorized as Interior Deficiency Syndromes.
Gancao Ganjiang Tang (Licorice and Dried Ginger Decoction)
Zhi Gancao (Prepared Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, 4 qian) Pao Ganjiang (Prepared Zingiberis Rhizoma, 2 qian). Decoct in water and take orally.
Commentary: Excessive sweating leads to massive loss of Yang Qi, transforming an Interior Excess pattern into an Interior Deficiency pattern. Therefore, Gancao is used to fortify Earth and tonify the Middle, while Ganjiang warms the Stomach and directs rebellious Qi downward.
Shaoyao Gancao Tang (Peony and Licorice Decoction)
Shaoyao (Paeoniae Radix Alba, 4 qian) Zhi Gancao (Prepared Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, 4 qian). Decoct in water and take orally.
Commentary: Sweating damages Yin fluids, causing Liver Wood to become dry and Lung Metal to contract. Therefore, Gancao is used to relax sinews and relieve urgency, while Shaoyao clears Wind and moistens dryness.
Shaoyao Gancao Fuzi Tang (Peony, Licorice, and Aconite Decoction)
Shaoyao (Paeoniae Radix Alba, 3 qian) Zhi Gancao (Prepared Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, 3 qian) Fuzi (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Preparata, 1 qian). Decoct in water and take orally.
Commentary: Sweating leaks the warming Qi within the Blood, causing Liver Wood stagnation and sinking of Yang Qi. Therefore, Shaoyao is used to clear Wind and consolidate Ying Blood, Gancao is used to fortify Earth to nourish Liver Wood Qi, and Fuzi warms Kidney Water to replenish Warming Qi.
Xiao Jianzhong Tang (Minor Construct the Middle Decoction)
Shaoyao (Paeoniae Radix Alba, 6 qian) Guizhi (Cinnamomi Ramulus, 3 qian) Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, 2 qian) Shengjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens, 3 qian) Jiaoyi (Maltose) Dazao (Ziziphi Jujubae Fructus, 4 pieces). Decoct in water and take orally.
Commentary: When Liver and Gallbladder pathogens combine, Wind and Fire stagnate and erupt, and the Middle Qi is invaded by evil, the situation cannot be delayed. Therefore, Jiaoyi, Gancao, and Dazao are used to tonify the Spleen Meridian to relieve urgency and pain, while Shengjiang, Guizhi, and Shaoyao unblock Liver Wood stagnation and clear Wind and Fire.