喜、怒、忧、悲、思、恐、惊，谓之七情。七情通于五脏∶喜通心，怒通肝，忧通肺，悲、思通脾，
恐通肾，惊通心与肝。故七情太过，则伤五脏。七情内伤，则有所亏损，疗之不易也。须识其何脏独伤，观其
色，察其脉，验其形神，详其太过与不及，而后调济之。其惟智者之能事乎！
五脏为阴，六腑为阳；经脉为阴，络脉为阳。脏腑、
经络，《内经》言之详矣。今总其要而言之。五脏者，三阴之所主也，厥阴主肝，少阴主心、肾，太阴主肺、
脾。肝、心、脾、肺、，肾，木、火、土、金、水也，肝木为风，心火为热，脾土为湿，肺金为燥，肾水为寒，
是五脏合五运，即有风、火、热、湿、燥、寒之六气。夫六气与五运合者，以少阴、少阳二火而合五运也。夫五
脏有形，形中有气，其气通于六腑，而行于经隧；行于经隧，则皮、肌、脉、筋、骨，为五脏之外合，如肺合
皮，脾合肌，心合脉，肝合筋，肾合骨者是也。通于六腑，则五脏与六腑相为表里，如肺与大肠为表里，脾与
胃为表里，心与小肠为表里，肝与胆为表里，肾与膀胱为表里者是也。此五脏之大概也。若六腑则三阳之所主
也，少阳主胆与三焦，阳明主胃与大肠，太阳主膀胱与小肠。夫胆与三焦，少阳木火之气也；胃与大肠，阳明
土金之气也；膀胱、小肠，太阳水火之气也。此木、火、土、金、水、火之气，乃合三阳而主六腑也。夫六腑亦
有形，而形中亦各有气，其气则内通五脏，外行经脉，所谓五脏有俞，而六腑亦各有俞，五脏有合，而六腑亦
各有合者是也。此六腑之大概也。
夫三阴主五脏，而厥阴不但主肝，又主心包，是手足三阴三阳，为十二经脉。十二经脉，则胸走手，而手
走头，头走足，而足走胸。其气内通脏腑，外通络脉，环周于身。外通络脉，则合孙络而渗皮毛；内通脏腑，
则合经血而行荣卫，所谓气煦血濡，流行不息者也。今人
不知皮肌经脉之浅深，有卒病寒热而涉于经脉者，概以气分之药投之，鲜克有效。盖经脉十二，有三百六十五
穴会，有三百六十五经络，《素问》详言之。此经脉之大概也。夫经脉之外，更有络脉，络脉之外，复有孙络，
故曰经脉为阴，络脉为阳。盖径直而周于身者为经，横行而左右环绕者为络。十二经脉之外，复有脾之大络，
名曰大包，又有任脉之尾翳，督脉之长强，合为十五大络。此大络者，出于经脉之外，而有左右相注之奇病。
奇病者，左病注右，右病注左，乃络脉病也。络脉之病，《素问》有缪刺之法以治之。络脉之外，又有孙络，
孙络与皮肤相连，在通体毛窍之内，而胞中之血，充肤热肉，澹渗皮毛。经云∶孙络之脉别经者，亦三百六十
五穴会。又刺法云∶刺毫毛腠理者，无伤皮。知毛腠与皮分合之处，则孙络之脉在其中。此因络脉而及于孙络
之大概也。
喜、怒、忧、悲、思、恐、惊，这七种情绪被称为“七情”。七情与五脏相通：喜通心，怒通肝，忧通肺，悲和思通脾，恐通肾，惊通心和肝。所以七情过度，就会损伤五脏。七情导致内伤，会造成身体亏损，治疗起来不容易。必须识别是哪一脏单独受伤，观察其面色，诊察其脉象，验证其形体和精神状态，详细分析是太过还是不及，然后进行调理平衡。这大概只有智慧的人才能做到吧！
五脏属阴，六腑属阳；经脉属阴，络脉属阳。脏腑和经络，《黄帝内经》已经论述得很详细了。现在概括其主要内容来说明。五脏是三阴经所主管的，厥阴经主管肝，少阴经主管心和肾，太阴经主管肺和脾。肝、心、脾、肺、肾，对应木、火、土、金、水五行，肝木对应风，心火对应热，脾土对应湿，肺金对应燥，肾水对应寒，这是五脏结合五运（五行之气），即包含风、火、热、湿、燥、寒这六气。六气与五运相合，是因为少阴和少阳两股火气与五运相合。五脏是有形的器官，形中包含气，其气通达六腑，并在经隧中运行；在经隧中运行，则皮、肌、脉、筋、骨成为五脏的外在配合，比如肺合皮，脾合肌，心合脉，肝合筋，肾合骨等。通达六腑，则五脏与六腑互为表里，比如肺与大肠为表里，脾与胃为表里，心与小肠为表里，肝与胆为表里，肾与膀胱为表里等。这是五脏的大概情况。至于六腑，则是三阳经所主管的，少阳经主管胆和三焦，阳明经主管胃和大肠，太阳经主管膀胱和小肠。胆和三焦，属于少阳木火之气；胃和大肠，属于阳明土金之气；膀胱和小肠，属于太阳水火之气。这些木、火、土、金、水、火之气，乃结合三阳经而主管六腑。六腑也是有形的，形中也各有气，其气向内通达五脏，向外行于经脉，所谓五脏有输穴，六腑也各有输穴，五脏有合穴，六腑也各有合穴等。这是六腑的大概情况。
三阴经主管五脏，而厥阴经不仅主管肝，还主管心包，这样手足三阴三阳经构成了十二经脉。十二经脉的气流走向，是从胸走手，从手走头，从头走足，从足走胸。其气向内通达脏腑，向外通达络脉，在全身环周运行。向外通达络脉，则汇合孙络并渗入皮毛；向内通达脏腑，则汇合经血并运行营卫之气，所谓气温暖煦、血液濡润，流行不息。现在的人不知道皮、肌、经脉的深浅层次，遇到突发性的寒热病症涉及经脉的，一概用调理气分的药物投治，很少能取得效果。大概经脉有十二条，汇聚三百六十五个穴位，有三百六十五条经络，《素问》中有详细论述。这是经脉的大概情况。在经脉之外，还有络脉，在络脉之外，又有孙络，所以说经脉属阴，络脉属阳。大致笔直环绕周身的是经，横向左右环绕的是络。在十二经脉之外，还有脾的大络，名叫大包，加上任脉的尾翳穴、督脉的长强穴，合称为十五大络。这些大络出于经脉之外，而有左右相互灌注引起的奇特疾病。奇病是指左边有病注向右，右边有病注向左，这是络脉的病。络脉的病，《素问》有缪刺法来治疗它。在络脉之外，又有孙络，孙络与皮肤相连，遍布全身的毛孔之内，胞中的血液充盈肌肤、温热肌肉、淡渗皮毛。经文说：别出经脉的孙络，也有三百六十五个穴会。又刺法说：刺毫毛腠理时，不要伤及皮肤。知道毛发腠理与皮肤的分布结合之处，孙络就在其中。这是因络脉而谈及孙络的大概情况。
Joy, anger, worry, grief, thought, fear, and alarm are called the Seven Emotions (Qing). The Seven Emotions connect with the Five Zang organs: Joy connects with the Heart, anger with the Liver, worry with the Lungs, grief and thought with the Spleen, fear with the Kidneys, and alarm with both the Heart and the Liver. Therefore, if the Seven Emotions are excessive, they will injure the Five Zang organs. Internal injury caused by the Seven Emotions leads to deficiency and loss, which is difficult to treat. One must identify which specific Zang organ is injured, observe the complexion, examine the pulse, verify the physical form and spirit, and detail whether the condition is due to excess or deficiency, before regulating and balancing it. This is perhaps only within the capability of the wise!
The Five Zang organs are Yin, and the Six Fu organs are Yang; the Jing-Mai (Meridians) are Yin, and the Luo-Vessels are Yang. The Zang-Fu organs and Jing-Luo vessels have been discussed in detail in the *Nei Jing* (Inner Canon). Now, I will summarize the essentials. The Five Zang organs are governed by the Three Yin channels: Jueyin governs the Liver, Shaoyin governs the Heart and Kidneys, and Taiyin governs the Lungs and Spleen. The Liver, Heart, Spleen, Lungs, and Kidneys correspond to Wood, Fire, Earth, Metal, and Water, respectively. Liver-Wood corresponds to Wind, Heart-Fire to Heat, Spleen-Earth to Dampness, Lung-Metal to Dryness, and Kidney-Water to Cold. Thus, the Five Zang combine with the Five Movements (Wu Yun), encompassing the Six Qi (Six Energies): Wind, Fire, Heat, Dampness, Dryness, and Cold. The combination of the Six Qi and Five Movements occurs because the two Fires of Shaoyin and Shaoyang combine with the Five Movements. The Five Zang organs are有形 (tangible/formed), containing Qi within their forms. This Qi connects with the Six Fu organs and circulates through the Jing-Sui (Meridian pathways). Circulating through the Jing-Sui, the Skin, Muscle, Pulse, Tendons, and Bones serve as external correspondences for the Five Zang: for example, the Lungs correspond to the Skin, the Spleen to the Muscle, the Heart to the Pulse, the Liver to the Tendons, and the Kidneys to the Bones. Connecting with the Six Fu organs, the Five Zang and Six Fu exist as interior-exterior pairs: for instance, the Lungs and Large Intestine are paired, the Spleen and Stomach are paired, the Heart and Small Intestine are paired, the Liver and Gallbladder are paired, and the Kidneys and Bladder are paired. This outlines the general nature of the Five Zang. As for the Six Fu organs, they are governed by the Three Yang channels: Shaoyang governs the Gallbladder and Sanjiao (Triple Burner), Yangming governs the Stomach and Large Intestine, and Taiyang governs the Bladder and Small Intestine. The Gallbladder and Sanjiao belong to the Wood-Fire Qi of Shaoyang; the Stomach and Large Intestine belong to the Earth-Metal Qi of Yangming; the Bladder and Small Intestine belong to the Water-Fire Qi of Taiyang. These Wood, Fire, Earth, Metal, Water, and Fire energies combine with the Three Yang channels to govern the Six Fu organs. The Six Fu organs are also tangible, each containing Qi within its form. This Qi internally connects with the Five Zang organs and externally circulates through the meridians. It is said that the Five Zang have Shu-Points, and the Six Fu also have Shu-Points; the Five Zang have He-Sea Points, and the Six Fu also have He-Sea Points. This outlines the general nature of the Six Fu organs.
The Three Yin channels govern the Five Zang organs, but Jueyin not only governs the Liver but also the Pericardium. Thus, the Hand and Foot Three Yin and Three Yang channels constitute the Twelve Principal Meridians (Jing-Mai). In the Twelve Principal Meridians, Qi flows from the Chest to the Hands, from the Hands to the Head, from the Head to the Feet, and from the Feet to the Chest. Internally, it connects with the Zang-Fu organs; externally, it connects with the Luo-Vessels, circulating around the body. Externally connecting with the Luo-Vessels, it merges with Sun-Luo (Branch Collaterals) and seeps into the skin and hair pores. Internally connecting with the Zang-Fu organs, it merges with the blood in the meridians and circulates Ying (Nutrient) and Wei (Defensive) Qi, described as "Qi warming and Blood moistening," flowing continuously without cessation. Nowadays, people do not understand the depth of the skin, muscle, and meridians. When encountering sudden onset of cold and heat conditions involving the meridians, they generally administer medicines targeting the Qi level, rarely achieving effectiveness. There are twelve meridians, converging at 365 acupoints, with 365 meridian pathways, as detailed in the *Su Wen*. This outlines the general nature of the Principal Meridians. Outside the Principal Meridians are the Luo-Vessels; outside the Luo-Vessels are the Sun-Luo. Hence, it is said that the Principal Meridians are Yin and the Collaterals are Yang. Generally, those running straight and encircling the body are Jing (Principal Meridians), while those running horizontally and encircling left and right are Luo (Collaterals). Beyond the Twelve Principal Meridians, there is the Great Luo of the Spleen, named Da Bao (Great Wrap); together with Wei Yi (Tail Feather) of the Ren Mai (Conception Vessel) and Chang Qiang (Long Strong) of the Du Mai (Governing Vessel), they form the Fifteen Great Collaterals. These Great Collaterals emerge outside the Principal Meridians and cause peculiar diseases characterized by mutual infusion between left and right sides. Peculiar diseases refer to ailments where pathology on the left influences the right, and vice versa, which are diseases of the Luo-Vessels. For diseases of the Luo-Vessels, the *Su Wen* prescribes the Miu Ci (Contralateral Needling) method for treatment. Outside the Luo-Vessels are the Sun-Luo. The Sun-Luo connect with the skin, located within the hair pores of the entire body, where the blood from the胞 (uterus/blood chamber) fills the flesh, warms the muscles, and seeps into the skin and hair pores. The classic states: "Sun-Luo branches off from the meridians, numbering 365 acupoint intersections." Another needling method states: "When needling the hair and interstices, do not injure the skin." Knowing the junction where the hair follicles and interstices meet the skin reveals the location of the Sun-Luo. This concludes the general discussion on Sun-Luo, derived from the discussion on Luo-Vessels.