者，胸满，呕逆，飧泄，狐疝，遗溺，闭癃。为此诸病，盛则泻之，虚则补之，热则疾之，寒则留之，陷下则
灸之，不盛不虚，以经取之。盛者，寸口大一倍于人迎。虚者，寸口反小于人迎也。
三焦手少阳之脉是动，则病耳聋，浑浑 嗌肿喉痹。是主气所生病者，汗出，目锐 痛，颊痛，耳后肩
肘臂外皆痛，小指次指不为用。为此诸病，盛则泻之，虚则补之，热则疾之，寒则留之，陷下则灸之，不盛
不虚，以经取之。盛者，人迎大一倍于寸口。虚者，人迎反小于寸口也。
胆足少阳之脉是动，则病口苦，善太息，心胁痛，不能转侧，甚则面微有尘，体无膏泽，足外反热，是为
阳厥。是主骨所生病者，头痛颔痛，目锐 痛，缺盆中肿痛，腋下肿，马刀挟瘿，汗出振寒，疟，胸胁肋髀膝
外至胫绝骨外踝前及诸节皆痛，小指次指不用。为此诸病，盛则泻之，虚则补之，热则疾之，寒则留之，陷下
则灸之，不盛不虚，以经取之。盛者，人迎大一倍于寸口。虚者，人迎反小于寸口也。（俱见经脉篇）
〔《难》〕言脉有是动，有所生病，一脉辄变为二病者，何也？然，经言是动者，气也。所生病者，血也。
邪在气，气为是动。邪在血，血为所生病。气主 之，血主濡之。气留而不行者，为气先病也。血滞而不濡者，
为血后病也。故先为是动，后所生也。（二十二难）
上十二经为病，通表里而言。若其病或见于表，或为疼痛，或为痈疖者，但当于其所痛之分野，求其经
脉属何经而针灸之也。另立经脉分野图于左。
头部∶
巅（足太阳厥阴督脉） 头角直耳上（中是少阳） 中行（前直鼻上巅后直鬓中上巅督脉） 第二行（
足太阳一寸五分各开两傍为头第三行） 第三行（足少阳）
面部∶
额（足少阳阳明） 鼻（手阳明太阳足阳明督脉） 人中（督脉手足阳明） 唇（足阳明） 唇内（足厥
阴） 承浆（足阳明任脉） 上齿（足阳明） 下齿（手阳明） 舌（足太阴少阴） 目内 （手足阳明手足太阳） 目锐 （手太阳手足少阳） 眉至额（直鼻而上督脉直
目内 而上足太阳直目瞳子而上足少阳直锐 而上手足少阳） 颊（直目内 而下足阳明直目瞳子而下
足阳明） 颊车（足少阳阳明） 耳（手足少阳手太阳） 目系（手少阴足太阳）
颈项部∶
项中间 拔项大筋中（足太阳） 当完骨下（手少阳项大筋之前耳之后也） 当耳下（足少阳）
当曲颊下（手太阳） 曲颊前一寸（手阳明）
挟喉两旁动脉（足太阳阳明） 缺盆中（任脉） 咽（手太阴少阴足太阴） 喉咙（足少阴阳明）
喉咙后（足厥阴）
肩∶
前廉（手阳明） 后廉（手太阳） 上廉（手足少阳）
背部∶
中行（督脉） 第二行（足太阳） 第三行（足太阳）
膺输部∶
中行（任脉） 第二行（足少阴） 第三行（足阳明） 第四行（足太阴）
腹部∶
中间行（任脉） 第二行（足少阴） 第三行（足阳明） 第四行（足太阴）
腋下∶
中间（手厥阴） 前（手太阳） 后（手太阴）
胁部∶
腋直下髀枢（足少阳）
部∶（自肩至肘曰 ）
前廉（手阳明） 后廉（手太阳） 外廉（手太阳） 内廉（手少阴） 内前廉（手太阴）
内后廉（手少阴）
臂部∶
上廉（手阳明） 下廉（手太阴） 外廉（手少阳） 内廉（手厥阴） 内上廉（手太阴） 内下
廉（手少阴）
股胫部∶
前廉（足阳明） 后廉（足太阳） 外廉（足少阳） 内廉（足厥阴） 内前廉（足太阴）
〔《灵》〕手太阴之别，名曰列缺。起于脘上分间，并太阴之经，直入掌中，散入于鱼际。其病实则手锐掌
热，虚则欠KT ，小便遗数。取之去脘半寸，别走阳明也。足太阴之别，名曰公孙。去本节之后一寸，别走阳明。
其别者，入络肠胃，厥气上逆则霍乱。实则肠中切痛，虚则鼓胀。取之所别也。手少阴之别，名曰通里。去腕
一寸半，别而上行，循经入于心中，系舌本，属目系。其实则支膈，虚则不能言。取之掌后一寸，别走太阳也。
足少阴之别，名曰大钟。当踝后绕跟，别走太阳。其别者，并经上走于心包下，外贯腰脊。其病气逆则烦闷，
实则闭癃，虚则腰痛。取之所别也。手心主之别，名曰内关。去腕二寸，出于两筋之间，循经以上，系于心包
络。心系实则心痛，虚则为头项强。取之两筋间也。足厥阴之别，名曰蠡沟。去内踝五寸，别走少阳。其别者，
径胫上睾，结于茎。其病气逆，则睾肿卒疝，实则挺长，虚则暴痒。取之所别也。手太阳之别，名曰支正。上
脘五寸，内注少阴。其别者，上走肘，络肩 。实则节弛肘废，虚则生 ，小者如指痂疥。取之所别也。足太
阳之别，名曰飞阳。去踝七寸，别走少阴。实则鼽窒头背痛，虚则鼽衄。取之所别也。手阳明之别，名曰偏历。
去腕三寸，别入太阴。其别者，上循臂，乘肩 ，上曲颊偏齿。其别者，入耳，合于宗脉。实则龋聋，虚则齿
寒痹隔。取之所别也。足阳明之别，名曰丰隆。去踝八寸，别走太阴。其别者，循胫骨外廉，上络头项，合诸
经之气，下络喉嗌。其病气逆，则喉痹瘁喑。实则狂颠，虚则足不收，胫枯。取之所别也。手少阳之别，名曰
外关。去腕二寸，外绕臂，注胸中，合心主。病实则肘挛，虚则不收。取之所别也。足少阳之别，名曰光明。
去踝五寸，别走厥阴，下络足跗。实则厥，虚则痿 ，坐不能起。取之所别也。任脉之别，名曰尾翳，下鸠尾，
散于腹。实则腹皮痛，虚则痒搔。取之所别也。督脉之别，名曰长强。挟膂上项，散头上，下当肩胛左右，
别走太阳，入贯膂。实则项强，虚则头重。取之所别也。脾之大络，名曰大包。出渊腋下三寸，布胸胁。实则
身尽痛，虚则百节尽皆纵。此脉若罗络之血者，皆取之脾之大络脉也。凡此十五络者，实则必见，虚则必下，
视之不见，求之上下，人经不同，络脉异所别也。（俱出经脉篇。）
〔《素》〕黄帝曰∶余闻缪刺，未得其意，敢问何也？岐伯对曰∶夫邪之客于形也，必先舍于皮毛，留而不
去，入舍于孙脉，留而不去，入舍于络脉，留而不去，入舍于经脉，内连五脏，散于肠胃，阴阳俱感，五脏乃
伤，此邪之从皮毛而入，极于五脏之次也，如此则治其经焉。今邪客于皮毛，入舍于孙络，留而不去，闭塞不
通，不得入于经，流溢大络而生奇病也。夫邪客大络者，左注右，右注左，上下左右，与经相干，而布于四末，
其气无常处，不入于经俞，命曰缪刺。帝曰∶愿闻缪刺，以左取右，以右取左，奈何？其与巨刺何以别之？岐
伯曰∶邪客于经，左盛则右病，右盛则左病，亦有移易者，左痛未已，而右脉先病，如此者，必巨刺之，必中
其经，非络脉也。故络病者，其痛与经脉缪处，故命曰缪刺。
调经篇云∶身形有痛，九候莫病，则缪刺之，痛在于左而右脉病者，巨刺之。盖身形有痛，邪在络脉，
故缪刺络脉于井穴也。病在于左而右脉病，则知邪偏入半边经服，而半边经脉偏盛，并引其无病者半边亦
痛，故宜刺经脉于左边偏盛者之荥俞也。
帝曰∶愿闻缪刺奈何？取之何如？岐伯曰∶邪客于足少阴之络，令人卒心痛暴胀，胸胁支满。无积者，刺
然骨之前出血，如食顷而已。不已，左取右，右取左。病新发者，取五日已。邪客于手少阳之络，令人喉痹舌
卷，口干心烦，臂外廉痛，手不及头。刺手中指次指爪甲上去端如韭叶，各一 ，壮者立已，老者有顷已。左
取右，右取左，此新病，数日已。邪客于足厥阴之络，令人卒疝暴痛。刺足大指爪甲上与肉交者，各一 。男
子立已，女子有顷已。左取右，右取左。邪客于足太阳之络，令人头项肩痛。刺足大指爪甲上与肉交者，一
，立已。不已，刺外踝下三 。左取右，右取左，如食顷已。邪客于手阳明之络，令人气满胸中，喘息而支
，胸中热。刺手大指次指爪甲上去端如韭叶，各一 ，左取右，右取左，如食顷已。邪客于掌臂之间，不可
得屈。刺其踝后，先以指按之痛，乃刺之，以月死生为数，月生一日一 ，二日二 ，十五日十五 ，十六日
十四 。邪客于足阳跷之脉，令人目痛从内 始。刺外踝之下半寸所，各二 。左取右，右取左。如行十里顷
而已。人有所堕坠，恶血留内，腹中满胀，不得前后。先饮利药。此上伤厥阴之脉，下伤少阴之络。刺足内踝
之下然骨之前血脉出血，刺足跗上动脉。不已，刺三毛上各一 ，见血立已。左刺右，右刺左。邪客于手阳
明之络，令人耳聋，时不闻音。刺手大指次指爪甲上去端如韭叶，各一 ，立闻。不已，刺中指爪甲上与肉交
者，立闻。其不时闻者，不可刺也。耳中生风者，亦刺之如此数。左刺右，右刺左。凡痹往来行无常处者，在
分肉间痛而刺之，以月死生为数。用针者，随气盛衰以为 数，针过其日数则脱气，不及日数则气不泻。左刺
右，右刺左，病已，止。不已，复刺之如法。月生一日一 ，二日二 ，渐多之，十五日十五 ，十六日十四
，渐少之。邪客于足阳明之络，令人鼽衄，上齿寒，刺足中指次指爪甲上与肉交者，各一 。左刺右，右刺
左。邪客于足少阳之络，令人胁痛不得息，咳而汗出。刺足小指次指爪甲上与肉交者，各一 。不得息立已，
汗出立止，咳者温衣饮食，一日已。左刺右，右刺左，病立已。不已，复刺如法。邪客于足少阴之络，令人嗌
痛，不可内食，无故善怒，气上走贲上。刺足下中央之脉，各三 。凡六刺，立已。左刺右，右刺左。嗌中肿，
不能内唾，时不能出唾者，刺然骨之前出血，立已。左刺右，右刺左。邪客于足太阴之络，令人腰痛，引少腹
控，不可以仰息。刺腰尻之解，两胛之上，是腰俞，以月死生为 数，发针立已。左刺右，右刺左。邪客于
足太阳之络，令人拘挛背急，引胁而痛，刺之从项始，数脊椎，挟脊疾按之，应手如痛。刺之傍三 ，立已。
邪客于足少阳之络，令人留于枢中痛，髀不可举。刺枢中以毫针，寒则久留针，以月死生为数，立已。治诸经
刺之，所过者不病，则缪刺之。耳聋，刺手阳明。不已，刺其通脉出耳前者。齿龋，刺手阳明。不已，刺其脉
入齿中者，立已。邪客于五脏之间，其病也，脉引而痛，时来时止。视其病，缪刺之于手足爪甲上。视其脉，
出其血。间日一刺。一刺不已，五刺已。缪传引上齿，齿唇寒痛，视其手背脉血者出之，足阳明中指爪甲上一
，手大指次指爪甲上各一 ，立已。左取右，右取左。邪客于手足少阴太阴足阳明之络，此五络皆会于耳中，
上络左角，五络俱竭，令人身脉皆动，而形无知也。其状若尸，或曰尸厥。刺其足大指内侧爪甲上去端如韭叶，
后刺足心，后刺足中指爪甲上，各一 ，后刺手大指内侧去端如韭叶，后刺手心主少阴锐骨之端各一 ，立已。
不已，以竹管吹其两耳， 其左角之发方一寸燔治，饮以美酒。不能饮者，灌之立已。凡刺之数，先视其经脉，
切而从之，审其虚实而调之，不调者经刺之，有痛而经不病者缪刺之，因视其皮部有血络者尽取之。此缪刺之
数也。（俱出缪刺论。）
〔《灵》〕黄帝曰∶愿闻奇邪而不在经者？岐伯曰∶血络是也。帝曰∶刺血络而仆者，何也？血出而射者，
何也？血少黑而浊者，何也？血出清而半为汁者，何也？发针而肿者，何也？血出若多若少而面色苍苍者，何
也？发针而面色不变而烦 者，何也？多出血而不动摇者，何也？愿闻其故。岐伯曰∶脉气盛而血虚者，刺之
则脱气，脱气则仆。血气俱盛而阴气多者，其血滑，刺之则射。阳气蓄积久留而不泻者，其血黑以浊，故不能
射。新饮而液渗于络，而未和于血也，故血出而汁别焉。其不新饮者，身中有水，久则为肿。阴气积于阳，其
气因于络，故刺之血未出而气先行，故肿。阴阳之气，其新相得而未和合，因而泻之，则阴阳俱脱，表里相离，
故脱色而苍苍然。刺之血出多色不变而烦 者，刺络而虚经，经虚之属于阴者，阴脱，故烦闷。阴阳相得而合
为痹者，此为内溢于经，外注于络，如是者，阴阳俱有余，虽多出血而弗能虚也。帝曰∶相之奈何？岐伯曰∶血
脉者，盛坚横以赤，上下无常处，小者如针，大者如筋，则其泻之万全也，故无失数矣，失数而反，各如其度。
黄帝曰∶针入而肉着者，何也？岐伯曰∶热气因于针，则针热，热则肉着于针，故坚焉。（血络论经脉篇云∶
诸刺络脉者，必取其结上甚血者，虽无结，急取之以泻其邪，留之发为痹也。又云∶其小而短者，少气，甚
者泻之则闷，闷甚则仆不得言，闷则急坐之也。）
上刺脏腑经络四病各不同。十五络病至浅在表也，十二经病次之，六腑病又次之，五脏病至深在里也，故治法
出现这些症状，包括胸部胀满、呕吐气逆、完谷不化的泄泻、狐疝、遗尿以及小便闭塞不通。对于这些疾病，实证用泻法，虚证用补法，热证用疾刺法（快速进针出针），寒证用留针法，脉气下陷的用灸法，不虚不实的，直接取本经穴位治疗。实证时，寸口脉搏比人迎脉搏大一倍。虚证时，寸口脉搏反而小于人迎脉搏。
手少阳三焦经发生病变，会出现耳聋、咽喉肿痛、喉痹等症状。该经主要主管气所生的疾病，表现为出汗、目外角疼痛、面颊疼痛、耳后、肩、肘、臂外侧均疼痛，无名指不能活动。对于这些疾病，实证用泻法，虚证用补法，热证用疾刺法，寒证用留针法，脉气下陷的用灸法，不虚不实的，直接取本经穴位治疗。实证时，人迎脉搏比寸口脉搏大一倍。虚证时，人迎脉搏反而小于寸口脉搏。
足少阳胆经发生病变，会出现口苦、喜欢叹气、心胁部疼痛、身体不能转侧，严重时面色微显尘垢状，身体缺乏光泽，足外侧发热，这称为阳厥。该经主要主管骨所生的疾病，表现为头痛、下颌痛、目外角疼痛、缺盆中肿痛、腋下肿、马刀侠瘿（颈部淋巴结肿大等）、出汗且战栗发冷、疟疾、胸胁肋部、大腿外侧至小腿绝骨、外踝前及各个关节都疼痛，无名指不能活动。对于这些疾病，实证用泻法，虚证用补法，热证用疾刺法，寒证用留针法，脉气下陷的用灸法，不虚不实的，直接取本经穴位治疗。实证时，人迎脉搏比寸口脉搏大一倍。虚证时，人迎脉搏反而小于寸口脉搏。（以上记载均见于《经脉篇》）
《难经》说：脉有“是动”病和“所生病”，一条经脉怎么变成两种病呢？回答说，经文所说的“是动”，是指气分病。“所生病”，是指血分病。邪气在气，气先受病而为“是动”。邪气在血，血后受病而为“所生病”。气主煦润，血主濡养。气停留而不能运行，是气先发病。血液滞涩而不能濡养，是血后发病。所以先出现“是动”，后出现“所生”。（出自《难经·二十二难》）
上述十二经脉的疾病，是从表里整体而言的。如果病症表现在体表，或者是疼痛，或者是痈疽疖肿，只应当在疼痛所在的部位，寻找其所属的经脉进行针灸治疗。另在左侧列出经脉分野图。
头部：
巅顶（足太阳、足厥阴、督脉） 头角直耳上（足少阳） 中行（前直鼻上至巅，后直鬓中上至巅，属督脉） 第二行（足太阳，距中线一寸五分，两旁各有一行，共为头部第三行） 第三行（足少阳）
面部：
额部（足少阳、足阳明） 鼻部（手阳明、足太阳、足阳明、督脉） 人中（督脉、手阳明、足阳明） 唇（足阳明） 唇内（足厥阴） 承浆（足阳明、任脉） 上齿（足阳明） 下齿（手阳明） 舌（足太阴、足少阴） 目内眦（手阳明、足阳明、手太阳、足太阳） 目外眦（手太阳、手少阳、足少阳） 眉至额（直鼻而上属督脉，直目内眦而上属足太阳，直目瞳子而上属足少阳，直目外眦而上属手少阳、足少阳） 颊部（直目内眦而下属足阳明，直目瞳子而下属足阳明） 颊车（足少阳、足阳明） 耳（手少阳、足少阳、手太阳） 目系（手少阴、足太阳）
颈项部：
项中间 拔项大筋中（足太阳） 当完骨下（手少阳，项大筋之前，耳之后） 当耳下（足少阳） 当曲颊下（手太阳） 曲颊前一寸（手阳明）
挟喉两旁动脉（足太阳、足阳明） 缺盆中（任脉） 咽（手太阴、手少阴、足太阴） 喉咙（足少阳、足阳明） 喉咙后（足厥阴）
肩部：
前廉（手阳明） 后廉（手太阳） 上廉（手少阳、足少阳）
背部：
中行（督脉） 第二行（足太阳） 第三行（足太阳）
膺输部（胸部）：
中行（任脉） 第二行（足少阴） 第三行（足阳明） 第四行（足太阴）
腹部：
中间行（任脉） 第二行（足少阴） 第三行（足阳明） 第四行（足太阴）
腋下：
中间（手厥阴） 前（手太阳） 后（手太阴）
胁部：
腋直下髀枢（足少阳）
臑部（自肩至肘曰臑）：
前廉（手阳明） 后廉（手太阳） 外廉（手太阳） 内廉（手少阴） 内前廉（手太阴） 内后廉（手少阴）
臂部：
上廉（手阳明） 下廉（手太阴） 外廉（手少阳） 内廉（手厥阴） 内上廉（手太阴） 内下廉（手少阴）
股胫部：
前廉（足阳明） 后廉（足太阳） 外廉（足少阳） 内廉（足厥阴） 内前廉（足太阴）
《灵枢》说：手太阴肺经的别络，名叫列缺。起于腕上分间，并手太阴之经，直入掌中，散入于鱼际。其病实证则手腕锐骨处掌中发热，虚证则呵欠、小便频数。取穴在去腕半寸处，别走手阳明大肠经。足太阴脾经的别络，名叫公孙。去本节之后一寸，别走手阳明大肠经。其别支，入络肠胃，厥气上逆则发生霍乱。实证则肠中剧烈疼痛，虚证则腹部鼓胀。取其所别之处。手少阴心经的别络，名叫通里。去腕一寸半，别而上行，循经入于心中，系舌本，属目系。实证则支撑胸膈，虚证则不能言语。取穴在掌后一寸处，别走手太阳小肠经。足少阴肾经的别络，名叫大钟。当踝后绕跟，别走太阳膀胱经。其别支，并经上行走于心包下，外贯腰脊。其病气逆则烦闷，实证则小便闭塞，虚证则腰痛。取其所别之处。手厥阴心包经的别络，名叫内关。去腕二寸，出于两筋之间，循经以上，系于心包络。心系实证则心痛，虚证则头项强直。取穴在两筋间。足厥阴肝经的别络，名叫蠡沟。去内踝五寸，别走少阳胆经。其别支，径胫上睾，结于茎。其病气逆，则睾丸肿卒然疝痛，实证则阴茎挺长，虚证则暴痒。取其所别之处。手太阳小肠经的别络，名叫支正。上腕五寸，内注少阴心经。其别支，上走肘，络肩髃。实证则关节弛缓、肘部废用，虚证则生疣，小的如指痂疥疮。取其所别之处。足太阳膀胱经的别络，名叫飞阳。去踝七寸，别走少阴肾经。实证则鼻塞流涕、头背痛，虚证则鼻塞流血。取其所别之处。手阳明大肠经的别络，名叫偏历。去腕三寸，别入手太阴肺经。其别支，上循臂，乘肩髃，上曲颊偏齿。其别支，入耳，合于宗脉。实证则龋齿耳聋，虚证则牙齿寒冷、痹阻隔塞。取其所别之处。足阳明胃经的别络，名叫丰隆。去踝八寸，别走太阴脾经。其别支，循胫骨外廉，上络头项，合诸经之气，下络喉嗌。其病气逆，则喉痹声哑。实证则狂癫，虚证则足不能收持、胫部枯瘦。取其所别之处。手少阳三焦经的别络，名叫外关。去腕二寸，外绕臂，注胸中，合心主心包。病实证则肘挛，虚证则不能收持。取其所别之处。足少阳胆经的别络，名叫光明。去踝五寸，别走厥阴肝经，下络足背。实证则厥冷，虚证则痿躄，坐不能起。取其所别之处。任脉的别络，名叫尾翳（鸠尾），下鸠尾，散于腹。实证则腹皮痛，虚证则痒搔。取之所别之处。督脉的别络，名叫长强。挟脊上项，散头上，下当肩胛左右，别走太阳膀胱经，入贯脊。实证则项强，虚证则头重。取之所别之处。脾的大络，名叫大包。出渊腋下三寸，布胸胁。实证则全身尽痛，虚证则百节尽皆松弛。此脉若罗网之血者，皆取之脾之大络脉。凡此十五络脉，实证必见，虚证必下，视之不见，求之上下，人经不同，络脉异所别。（均出自《经脉篇》）
《素问》说：黄帝说：我听说缪刺，还未得其意，请问是怎么回事？岐伯回答说：邪气客于形体，必先舍于皮毛，停留不去，进入孙脉，停留不去，进入络脉，停留不去，进入经脉，内连五脏，散于肠胃，阴阳俱感，五脏乃伤，这是邪气从皮毛而入，极于五脏的顺序。像这样就要治其经脉。现在邪气客于皮毛，入舍于孙络，停留不去，闭塞不通，不得入于经，流溢大络而生奇病。邪气客于大络，左注右，右注左，上下左右，与经相干，而布于四末，其气无常处，不入于经俞，命曰缪刺。帝说：愿闻缪刺，以左取右，以右取左，怎么做？它与巨刺有什么区别？岐伯说：邪气客于经，左盛则右病，右盛则左病，也有移易的，左痛未已，而右脉先病，像这样，必须用巨刺，必须中其经，不是络脉。所以络病，其痛与经脉交错，故命曰缪刺。
调经篇说：身形有痛，九候莫病，则缪刺之，痛在于左而右脉病者，巨刺之。大概身形有痛，邪在络脉，故缪刺络脉于井穴。病在于左而右脉病，则知邪偏入半边经脉，而半边经脉偏盛，并引其无病的半边亦痛，故宜刺经脉于左边偏盛者的荥穴、俞穴。
帝说：愿闻缪刺怎么做？取穴如何？岐伯说：邪气客于足少阴肾经之络，令人卒心痛暴胀，胸胁支满。无积滞者，刺然骨之前出血，如吃一顿饭的时间就好了。不好，左取右，右取左。病新发者，取五日愈。邪气客于手少阳三焦经之络，令人喉痹舌卷，口干心烦，臂外廉痛，手不及头。刺手中指次指爪甲上去端如韭叶宽，各一痏，壮者立刻好，老者片刻好。左取右，右取左，此新病，数日愈。邪气客于足厥阴肝经之络，令人卒疝暴痛。刺足大指爪甲上与肉交者，各一痏。男子立刻好，女子片刻好。左取右，右取左。邪气客于足太阳膀胱经之络，令人头项肩痛。刺足大指爪甲上与肉交者，一痏，立刻好。不好，刺外踝下三痏。左取右，右取左，如吃一顿饭的时间好。邪气客于手阳明大肠经之络，令人气满胸中，喘息而支撑胸膈，胸中热。刺手大指次指爪甲上去端如韭叶宽，各一痏，左取右，右取左，如吃一顿饭的时间好。邪气客于掌臂之间，不可得屈。刺其踝后，先以指按之痛，乃刺之，以月死生为痏数，月生一日一痏，二日二痏，十五日十五痏，十六日十四痏。邪气客于足阳跷脉，令人目痛从内眦始。刺外踝之下半寸所，各二痏。左取右，右取左。如行走十里路的时间就好。人有所堕坠，恶血留内，腹中满胀，不得前后。先饮利药。此上伤厥阴之脉，下伤少阴之络。刺足内踝之下然骨之前血脉出血，刺足跗上动脉。不好，刺三毛上各一痏，见血立刻好。左刺右，右刺左。邪气客于手阳明大肠经之络，令人耳聋，时不闻音。刺手大指次指爪甲上去端如韭叶宽，各一痏，立闻。不好，刺中指爪甲上与肉交者，立闻。其不时闻者，不可刺也。耳中生风者，亦刺之如此数。左刺右，右刺左。凡痹症往来行无常处者，在分肉间痛而刺之，以月死生为痏数。用针者，随气盛衰以为痏数，针过其日数则脱气，不及日数则气不泻。左刺右，右刺左，病已，止。不好，复刺之如法。月生一日一痏，二日二痏，渐多之，十五日十五痏，十六日十四痏，渐少之。邪气客于足阳明胃经之络，令人鼽衄，上齿寒，刺足中指次指爪甲上与肉交者，各一痏。左刺右，右刺左。邪气客于足少阳胆经之络，令人胁痛不得息，咳而汗出。刺足小指次指爪甲上与肉交者，各一痏。不得息立刻好，汗出立刻止，咳者温衣饮食，一日愈。左刺右，右刺左，病立刻好。不好，复刺如法。邪气客于足少阴肾经之络，令人嗌痛，不可内食，无故善怒，气上走贲上。刺足下中央之脉，各三痏。凡六刺，立刻好。左刺右，右刺左。嗌中肿，不能内唾，时不能出唾者，刺然骨之前出血，立刻好。左刺右，右刺左。邪气客于足太阴脾经之络，令人腰痛，引少腹控䏚，不可以仰息。刺腰尻之解，两胛之上，是腰俞，以月死生为痏数，发针立刻好。左刺右，右刺左。邪气客于足太阳膀胱经之络，令人拘挛背急，引胁而痛，刺之从项始，数脊椎，挟脊疾按之，应手如痛。刺之傍三痏，立刻好。邪气客于足少阳胆经之络，令人留于枢中痛，髀不可举。刺枢中以毫针，寒则久留针，以月死生为痏数，立刻好。治诸经刺之，所过者不病，则缪刺之。耳聋，刺手阳明。不好，刺其通脉出耳前者。齿龋，刺手阳明。不好，刺其脉入齿中者，立刻好。邪客于五脏之间，其病也，脉引而痛，时来时止。视其病，缪刺之于手足爪甲上。视其脉，出其血。间日一刺。一刺不好，五刺愈。缪传引上齿，齿唇寒痛，视其手背脉血者出之，足阳明中指爪甲上一痏，手大指次指爪甲上各一痏，立刻好。左取右，右取左。邪客于手足少阴太阴足阳明之络，此五络皆会于耳中，上络左角，五络俱竭，令人身脉皆动，而形无知也。其状若尸，或曰尸厥。刺其足大指内侧爪甲上去端如韭叶宽，后刺足心，后刺足中指爪甲上，各一痏，后刺手大指内侧去端如韭叶宽，后刺手心主少阴锐骨之端各一痏，立刻好。不好，以竹管吹其两耳，剪其左角之发方一寸燔治，饮以美酒。不能饮者，灌之立刻好。凡刺之数，先视其经脉，切而从之，审其虚实而调之，不调者经刺之，有痛而经不病者缪刺之，因视其皮部有血络者尽取之。此缪刺之数也。（均出自《缪刺论》）
《灵枢》说：黄帝说：愿闻奇邪而不在经者？岐伯说：血络是也。帝说：刺血络而仆者，何也？血出而射者，何也？血少黑而浊者，何也？血出清而半为汁者，何也？发针而肿者，何也？血出若多若少而面色苍苍者，何也？发针而面色不变而烦闷者，何也？多出血而不动摇者，何也？愿闻其故。岐伯说：脉气盛而血虚者，刺之则脱气，脱气则仆。血气俱盛而阴气多者，其血滑，刺之则射。阳气蓄积久留而不泻者，其血黑以浊，故不能射。新饮而液渗于络，而未和于血也，故血出而汁别焉。其不新饮者，身中有水，久则为肿。阴气积于阳，其气因于络，故刺之血未出而气先行，故肿。阴阳之气，其新相得而未和合，因而泻之，则阴阳俱脱，表里相离，故脱色而苍苍然。刺之血出多色不变而烦闷者，刺络而虚经，经虚之属于阴者，阴脱，故烦闷。阴阳相得而合为痹者，此为内溢于经，外注于络，如是者，阴阳俱有余，虽多出血而弗能虚也。帝说：相之奈何？岐伯说：血脉者，盛坚横以赤，上下无常处，小者如针，大者如筋，则其泻之万全也，故无失数矣，失数而反，各如其度。
黄帝说：针入而肉着者，何也？岐伯说：热气因于针，则针热，热则肉着于针，故坚焉。（《血络论》《经脉篇》说：诸刺络脉者，必取其结上甚血者，虽无结，急取之以泻其邪，留之发为痹也。又说：其小而短者，少气，甚者泻之则闷，闷甚则仆不得言，闷则急坐之也。）
上述刺脏腑经络四种病各不相同。十五络病最浅在表，十二经病次之，六腑病又次之，五脏病最深在里，所以治法
The symptoms include chest fullness, vomiting and rebellious qi, undigested food diarrhea, fox hernia, urinary incontinence, and strangury. For these diseases, excess conditions are treated with draining methods, deficiency conditions with tonifying methods, heat conditions with rapid needling (quick insertion and withdrawal), cold conditions with retained needling, sinking qi with moxibustion, and neither-excess-nor-deficiency conditions by selecting points from the affected meridian itself. In excess conditions, the Cun Kou pulse is one times larger than the Ren Ying pulse. In deficiency conditions, the Cun Kou pulse is smaller than the Ren Ying pulse.
When the Hand-Shaoyang Sanjiao Meridian undergoes pathological changes, it causes deafness, swollen throat, and throat bi-syndrome. This meridian primarily governs diseases generated by Qi, manifesting as sweating, pain at the outer canthus of the eye, cheek pain, pain in the posterior ear, shoulder, elbow, and lateral arm, and dysfunction of the fourth finger. For these diseases, excess conditions are treated with draining methods, deficiency conditions with tonifying methods, heat conditions with rapid needling, cold conditions with retained needling, sinking qi with moxibustion, and neither-excess-nor-deficiency conditions by selecting points from the affected meridian itself. In excess conditions, the Ren Ying pulse is one times larger than the Cun Kou pulse. In deficiency conditions, the Ren Ying pulse is smaller than the Cun Kou pulse.
When the Foot-Shaoyang Gallbladder Meridian undergoes pathological changes, it causes bitter taste in the mouth, frequent sighing, pain in the heart and hypochondrium, inability to turn the body, and in severe cases, a dusty complexion, lack of luster in the body, and heat on the lateral foot, known as Yang Jue. This meridian primarily governs diseases generated by bones, manifesting as headache, mandible pain, pain at the outer canthus, swelling in the supraclavicular fossa and axilla, "horse knife" and "crossing goiter" (cervical lymphadenopathy), sweating with chills, malaria, pain in the chest, hypochondrium, ribs, lateral thigh, knee, below the Juegu point, anterior to the lateral malleolus, and all joints, and dysfunction of the fourth finger. For these diseases, excess conditions are treated with draining methods, deficiency conditions with tonifying methods, heat conditions with rapid needling, cold conditions with retained needling, sinking qi with moxibustion, and neither-excess-nor-deficiency conditions by selecting points from the affected meridian itself. In excess conditions, the Ren Ying pulse is one times larger than the Cun Kou pulse. In deficiency conditions, the Ren Ying pulse is smaller than the Cun Kou pulse. (All recorded in the *Meridians Chapter*).
The *Nan Jing* states: There are "Shi Dong" (Moving) diseases and "Suo Sheng Bing" (Generated) diseases in pulses; how does one meridian become two types of disease? The answer is: The text says "Shi Dong" refers to Qi diseases. "Suo Sheng Bing" refers to Blood diseases. When pathogenic factors are in Qi, Qi becomes "Shi Dong". When pathogenic factors are in Blood, Blood becomes "Suo Sheng Bing". Qi provides warming, and Blood provides moistening. When Qi stagnates and fails to circulate, it is the Qi that is diseased first. When Blood stagnates and fails to nourish, it is the Blood that is diseased later. Therefore, "Shi Dong" appears first, followed by "Suo Sheng". (From *Nan Jing, Chapter 22*)
The above twelve meridians' diseases are discussed in terms of exterior-interior relationships. If symptoms appear on the exterior, or involve pain, or carbuncles and sores, one should locate the painful area, determine which meridian it belongs to, and apply acupuncture and moxibustion accordingly. A diagram of meridian territories is listed on the left.
Head:
Vertex (Foot-Taiyang, Foot-Jueyin, Du Mai) Lateral head above ears (Foot-Shaoyang) Midline (Front straight nose to vertex, back straight hairline to vertex, Du Mai) Second row (Foot-Taiyang, 1.5 cun from midline, bilateral rows constitute the third row of the head) Third row (Foot-Shaoyang)
Face:
Forehead (Foot-Shaoyang, Foot-Yangming) Nose (Hand-Yangming, Foot-Taiyang, Foot-Yangming, Du Mai) Philtrum (Du Mai, Hand-Yangming, Foot-Yangming) Lips (Foot-Yangming) Inside lips (Foot-Jueyin) Chengjiang (Foot-Yangming, Ren Mai) Upper teeth (Foot-Yangming) Lower teeth (Hand-Yangming) Tongue (Foot-Taiyin, Foot-Shaoyin) Inner canthus (Hand-Yangming, Foot-Yangming, Hand-Taiyang, Foot-Taiyang) Outer canthus (Hand-Taiyang, Hand-Shaoyang, Foot-Shaoyang) Brows to forehead (Straight nose up is Du Mai, straight inner canthus up is Foot-Taiyang, straight pupil up is Foot-Shaoyang, straight outer canthus up is Hand-Shaoyang, Foot-Shaoyang) Cheeks (Straight inner canthus down is Foot-Yangming, straight pupil down is Foot-Yangming) Jiache (Foot-Shaoyang, Foot-Yangming) Ears (Hand-Shaoyang, Foot-Shaoyang, Hand-Taiyang) Eye system (Hand-Shaoyin, Foot-Taiyang)
Neck:
Middle of neck Large tendon in neck (Foot-Taiyang) Below Wangu (Hand-Shaoyang, anterior to large tendon, posterior to ear) Below ear (Foot-Shaoyang) Below Qujia (Hand-Taiyang) One cun anterior to Qujia (Hand-Yangming)
Arteries beside throat (Foot-Taiyang, Foot-Yangming) Supraclavicular fossa (Ren Mai) Pharynx (Hand-Taiyin, Hand-Shaoyin, Foot-Taiyin) Throat (Foot-Shaoyang, Foot-Yangming) Posterior throat (Foot-Jueyin)
Shoulder:
Anterior border (Hand-Yangming) Posterior border (Hand-Taiyang) Superior border (Hand-Shaoyang, Foot-Shaoyang)
Back:
Midline (Du Mai) Second row (Foot-Taiyang) Third row (Foot-Taiyang)
Chest:
Midline (Ren Mai) Second row (Foot-Shaoyin) Third row (Foot-Yangming) Fourth row (Foot-Taiyin)
Abdomen:
Middle row (Ren Mai) Second row (Foot-Shaoyin) Third row (Foot-Yangming) Fourth row (Foot-Taiyin)
Axilla:
Middle (Hand-Jueyin) Anterior (Hand-Taiyang) Posterior (Hand-Taiyin)
Hypochondrium:
Directly below axilla to hip pivot (Foot-Shaoyang)
Upper Arm (from shoulder to elbow):
Anterior border (Hand-Yangming) Posterior border (Hand-Taiyang) Lateral border (Hand-Taiyang) Medial border (Hand-Shaoyin) Anterior-medial border (Hand-Taiyin) Posterior-medial border (Hand-Shaoyin)
Forearm:
Superior border (Hand-Yangming) Inferior border (Hand-Taiyin) Lateral border (Hand-Shaoyang) Medial border (Hand-Jueyin) Anterior-superior medial border (Hand-Taiyin) Posterior-inferior medial border (Hand-Shaoyin)
Thigh and Leg:
Anterior border (Foot-Yangming) Posterior border (Foot-Taiyang) Lateral border (Foot-Shaoyang) Medial border (Foot-Jueyin) Anterior-medial border (Foot-Taiyin)
*Ling Shu* states: The Luo-Connecting vessel of Hand-Taiyin Lung Meridian is named Lieque. It originates above the wrist, runs parallel to the Hand-Taiyin meridian, enters the palm directly, and disperses into the thenar eminence. Its diseases: Excess causes heat in the radial side of the wrist and palm; deficiency causes yawning and frequent urination. Treat at the point half a cun from the wrist, where it connects to Hand-Yangming Large Intestine Meridian. The Luo-Connecting vessel of Foot-Taiyin Spleen Meridian is named Gongsun. One cun posterior to the base of the first metatarsal bone, it connects to Hand-Yangming Large Intestine Meridian. Its branch enters and connects to the intestines and stomach; rebellious Qi causes cholera. Excess causes cutting pain in the intestines; deficiency causes abdominal distension. Treat at its branching point. The Luo-Connecting vessel of Hand-Shaoyin Heart Meridian is named Tongli. One and a half cun from the wrist, it branches upward, follows the meridian into the heart, connects to the root of the tongue, and belongs to the eye system. Excess causes chest oppression; deficiency causes inability to speak. Treat one cun behind the palm, connecting to Hand-Taiyang Small Intestine Meridian. The Luo-Connecting vessel of Foot-Shaoyin Kidney Meridian is named Dazhong. Behind the ankle, wrapping around the heel, it connects to Taiyang Bladder Meridian. Its branch ascends along the meridian to the lower pericardium, passes through the waist and spine externally. Diseases: Rebellious Qi causes irritability; excess causes strangury; deficiency causes lower back pain. Treat at its branching point. The Luo-Connecting vessel of Hand-Jueyin Pericardium Meridian is named Neiguan. Two cun from the wrist, emerging between two tendons, it ascends along the meridian, connecting to the Pericardium Collateral. Heart system excess causes heart pain; deficiency causes stiffness of the head and neck. Treat between the two tendons. The Luo-Connecting vessel of Foot-Jueyin Liver Meridian is named Ligou. Five cun from the medial malleolus, it connects to Shaoyang Gallbladder Meridian. Its branch ascends through the tibia to the scrotum, knotting at the penis. Diseases: Rebellious Qi causes sudden testicular swelling and hernia; excess causes priapism; deficiency causes sudden itching. Treat at its branching point. The Luo-Connecting vessel of Hand-Taiyang Small Intestine Meridian is named Zhizheng. Five cun above the wrist, it enters and connects to Shaoyin Heart Meridian. Its branch ascends to the elbow, connecting to Jianyu. Excess causes joint flaccidity and elbow dysfunction; deficiency causes warts, small ones like scabies. Treat at its branching point. The Luo-Connecting vessel of Foot-Taiyang Bladder Meridian is named Feiyang. Seven cun from the ankle, it connects to Shaoyin Kidney Meridian. Excess causes nasal congestion, headache, and back pain; deficiency causes nasal bleeding. Treat at its branching point. The Luo-Connecting vessel of Hand-Yangming Large Intestine Meridian is named Pianli. Three cun from the wrist, it enters Foot-Taiyin Lung Meridian. Its branch ascends the arm, crosses the shoulder, goes to Qujia and teeth. Another branch enters the ear, combining with Zong Mai. Excess causes toothache and deafness; deficiency causes cold teeth and bi-obstruction. Treat at its branching point. The Luo-Connecting vessel of Foot-Yangming Stomach Meridian is named Fenglong. Eight cun from the ankle, it connects to Taiyin Spleen Meridian. Its branch follows the lateral tibia, connects to the head and neck, combines Qi of various meridians, and connects to the throat internally. Diseases: Rebellious Qi causes sore throat and hoarseness. Excess causes mania and epilepsy; deficiency causes foot paralysis and emaciated shins. Treat at its branching point. The Luo-Connecting vessel of Hand-Shaoyang Sanjiao Meridian is named Waiguan. Two cun from the wrist, wrapping the arm externally, it pours into the chest, combining with Xin Zhu (Pericardium). Diseases: Excess causes elbow spasm; deficiency causes inability to flex. Treat at its branching point. The Luo-Connecting vessel of Foot-Shaoyang Gallbladder Meridian is named Guangming. Five cun from the ankle, it connects to Jueyin Liver Meridian, connecting to the dorsum of the foot. Excess causes Jue cold; deficiency causes Wei Bi (atrophy) and inability to rise from sitting. Treat at its branching point. The Luo-Connecting vessel of Ren Mai is named Wei Yi (Jiuwei). Below Jiuwei, it disperses in the abdomen. Excess causes abdominal skin pain; deficiency causes itching. Treat at its branching point. The Luo-Connecting vessel of Du Mai is named Changqiang. Flanking the spine to the neck, dispersing on the head, below at the shoulders bilaterally, it connects to Taiyang Bladder Meridian, entering the spine. Excess causes neck stiffness; deficiency causes heavy head. Treat at its branching point. The Great Luo of the Spleen is named Dabao. Emerging three cun below Yuanxia, it spreads over the chest and hypochondrium. Excess causes whole-body pain; deficiency causes laxity of all joints. These vessels, like a net of blood, are all treated via the Great Luo of the Spleen. All fifteen Luo vessels: Excess is visible; deficiency sinks. If not seen, seek above and below. Human meridians differ, and Luo vessels branch at different locations. (All from *Meridians Chapter*)
*Sù Wèn* states: Huangdi said: I have heard of Miao Ci (Mirroring Acupuncture) but do not understand its meaning. May I ask what it is? Qibo replied: When pathogens enter the body, they first lodge in the skin and hair. If they remain, they enter Sun Mai (Sun Vessels). If they remain, they enter Luo Mai (Luo Vessels). If they remain, they enter Jing Mai (Main Meridians), internally connecting to the five Zang organs and scattering in the stomach and intestines. When Yin and Yang are both affected, the five Zang organs are injured. This is the sequence of pathogens entering from the skin to the extreme of the five Zang organs. In such cases, treat the main meridians. Now, if pathogens lodge in the skin and enter Sun Mai, remaining there, causing blockage without entering the meridians, overflowing into the great Luo vessels to produce strange diseases. When pathogens lodge in the great Luo vessels, they flow from left to right and right to left, moving up and down, interfering with the meridians, and distributing to the four extremities. Their Qi has no fixed location and does not enter the meridian acupoints; this is called Miao Ci. The Emperor said: I wish to hear about Miao Ci, taking the left to treat the right, and the right to treat the left. How does it differ from Ju Ci (Giant Acupuncture)? Qibo said: When pathogens lodge in the meridians, excess on the left causes disease on the right, and excess on the right causes disease on the left. There may also be migration; if pain on the left persists while the right pulse becomes diseased, one must use Ju Ci, targeting the meridians, not the Luo vessels. Therefore, for Luo vessel diseases, the pain is displaced relative to the meridians, hence called Miao Ci.
The *Tiao Jing Pian* (Regulating Meridians Chapter) states: If the body has pain but the nine pulse positions show no abnormality, use Miao Ci. If pain is on the left and the right pulse is diseased, use Ju Ci. Generally, body pain indicates pathogens in the Luo vessels, so Miao Ci targets the Luo vessels at the Jing-Well points. If disease is on the left and the right pulse is diseased, it indicates pathogens have entered half of the meridians, causing excess in that half and referring pain to the healthy half. Thus, one should puncture the Ying-Spring and Shu points of the excess side of the meridian.
The Emperor said: I wish to hear how to perform Miao Ci and how to select points. Qibo said: When pathogens lodge in the Luo vessel of Foot-Shaoyin Kidney Meridian, it causes sudden heart pain, acute distension, and chest/hypochondriac fullness. Without accumulation, bleed before Ran Gu. Recovery takes about the time of a meal. If not cured, take left to treat right, right to treat left. For new onset, cure within five days. When pathogens lodge in the Luo vessel of Hand-Shaoyang Sanjiao Meridian, it causes sore throat, curled tongue, dry mouth, irritability, lateral arm pain, and inability to raise hands to the head. Puncture one depth at the nail corner of the fourth finger, one cun from the tip like a leek leaf. Vigorous patients recover immediately; elderly patients recover shortly. Left to right, right to left. New diseases cure within several days. When pathogens lodge in the Luo vessel of Foot-Jueyin Liver Meridian, it causes sudden hernia and acute pain. Puncture one depth at the junction of the nail and flesh of the big toe. Men recover immediately; women shortly. Left to right, right to left. When pathogens lodge in the Luo vessel of Foot-Taiyang Bladder Meridian, it causes head, neck, and shoulder pain. Puncture one depth at the junction of the nail and flesh of the big toe. Recover immediately. If not, puncture three depths below the lateral malleolus. Left to right, right to left. Recovery takes about the time of a meal. When pathogens lodge in the Luo vessel of Hand-Yangming Large Intestine Meridian, it causes chest fullness, wheezing, chest oppression, and heat. Puncture one depth at the nail corner of the index finger, one cun from the tip. Left to right, right to left. Recovery takes about the time of a meal. When pathogens lodge between the palm and arm, causing inability to flex, puncture behind the ankle after pressing until pain is felt. Use the number of depths based on the moon's waxing/waning: Day 1 of waxing, one depth; Day 2, two depths; Day 15, fifteen depths; Day 16, fourteen depths. When pathogens lodge in the Foot-Yangqiao Mai, it causes eye pain starting from the inner canthus. Puncture two depths below the lateral malleolus. Left to right, right to left. Recovery takes the time to walk ten li. For trauma with retained evil blood causing abdominal fullness and constipation/incontinence, first administer purgatives. This injures the Jueyin pulse above and Shaoyin Luo below. Bleed the vessels before Ran Gu under the medial malleolus, and the artery on the dorsum of the foot. If not cured, puncture one depth at Sanmao (hair follicle). See blood, recover immediately. Left to right, right to left. When pathogens lodge in the Luo vessel of Hand-Yangming Large Intestine Meridian, it causes deafness and intermittent hearing loss. Puncture one depth at the nail corner of the index finger. Hear immediately. If not, puncture the junction of the nail and flesh of the middle finger. Hear immediately. If hearing does not return, do not puncture. For wind in the ears, puncture similarly. Left to right, right to left. For Bi syndrome wandering without fixed location, puncture where pain is felt in the muscle spaces, using the moon's phase for the number of depths. The number of depths should follow the Qi's excess/deficiency. Over-puncturing depletes Qi; under-puncturing fails to drain Qi. Left to right, right to left. Stop when cured. If not, repeat. Waxing: Day 1 one depth, Day 2 two depths, increasing to Day 15 fifteen depths; Waning: Day 16 fourteen depths, decreasing. When pathogens lodge in the Luo vessel of Foot-Yangming Stomach Meridian, it causes rhinitis, epistaxis, and cold upper teeth. Puncture one depth at the junction of the nail and flesh of the third toe. Left to right, right to left. When pathogens lodge in the Luo vessel of Foot-Shaoyang Gallbladder Meridian, it causes hypochondriac pain, dyspnea, cough, and sweating. Puncture one depth at the junction of the nail and flesh of the fourth toe. Dyspnea resolves immediately, sweating stops immediately. For cough, keep warm and eat well; cure within one day. Left to right, right to left. Cured immediately. If not, repeat. When pathogens lodge in the Luo vessel of Foot-Shaoyin Kidney Meridian, it causes sore throat, difficulty swallowing, unprovoked anger, and Qi rising to Ben Shang. Puncture three depths at the central pulse of the sole. Six punctures total, cured immediately. Left to right, right to left. For swollen throat unable to swallow saliva, bleed before Ran Gu. Cured immediately. Left to right, right to left. When pathogens lodge in the Luo vessel of Foot-Taiyin Spleen Meridian, it causes lower back pain radiating to the lower abdomen and flank, inability to breathe lying supine. Puncture Yaoshu at the sacral hiatus and superior gluteal region. Use moon phase for depth count. Cured upon needle withdrawal. Left to right, right to left. When pathogens lodge in the Luo vessel of Foot-Taiyang Bladder Meridian, it causes back rigidity, pulling pain in the sides. Start from the neck, count vertebrae, press firmly along the spine where pain is elicited. Puncture three depths beside the site. Cured immediately. When pathogens lodge in the Luo vessel of Foot-Shaoyang Gallbladder Meridian, it causes pain in the pivot (hip) and inability to lift the thigh. Puncture the pivot with a filiform needle. For cold, retain needle long. Use moon phase for depth count. Cured immediately. For treating various meridians, if the pathway is not diseased, use Miao Ci. For deafness, puncture Hand-Yangming. If not cured, puncture the channel exiting before the ear. For toothache, puncture Hand-Yangming. If not cured, puncture the channel entering the teeth. Cured immediately. When pathogens lodge between the five Zang organs, causing referred pain that comes and goes, examine the condition and use Miao Ci on the nail corners of hands and feet. Observe the vessels, bleed them. Puncture every other day. If one puncture fails, five punctures cure. For transmitted pain to upper teeth with cold lip pain, observe blood vessels on the dorsum of the hand, bleed them. Puncture one depth at the third toe nail corner of Foot-Yangming, and one depth each at the index finger nail corner of Hand-Yangming. Cured immediately. Left to right, right to left. When pathogens lodge in the Luo vessels of Hand/Foot-Shaoyin, Hand/Foot-Taiyin, and Foot-Yangming, these five Luo vessels converge in the ear, connect to the left corner of the head. If all five are exhausted, the body's pulses move but consciousness is lost. The state resembles a corpse, called Shi Jue (Corpse Fainting). Puncture one depth at the medial nail corner of the big toe, then the Yongquan point, then the middle toe nail corner, each one depth. Then one depth at the medial nail corner of the thumb, then one depth each at the radial end of Hand-Jueyin and Shaoyin sharp bone. Cured immediately. If not, blow air into both ears with a bamboo tube. Burn one square cun of hair from the left corner of the head and drink with fine wine. If unable to drink, force-feed. Cured immediately. The general principle of puncturing: First observe the meridians, palpate and follow them, assess excess/deficiency and regulate. If meridians are not regulated, use Jing Ci (Meridian Acupuncture). If there is pain but meridians are not diseased, use Miao Ci. Also observe skin areas for blood vessels and drain them all. This is the method of Miao Ci. (All from *Miao Ci Lun*)
*Ling Shu* states: Huangdi said: I wish to hear about strange pathogens not in the meridians. Qibo said: They are in the blood vessels (Xue Luo). The Emperor said: Why does one faint after puncturing blood vessels? Why does blood shoot out? Why is blood dark and turbid? Why is blood clear and mixed with fluid? Why does swelling occur after needle withdrawal? Why does the face turn pale regardless of blood volume? Why does one feel irritable with unchanged facial color after withdrawal? Why does excessive bleeding not cause movement/fainting? Please explain. Qibo said: If Qi is abundant but Blood is deficient, puncturing depletes Qi, leading to fainting. If Qi and Blood are both abundant with excess Yin, the blood is slippery, causing shooting blood upon puncture. If Yang Qi accumulates and remains un-drained for a long time, the blood becomes black and turbid, thus unable to shoot. If one has recently drunk, fluids seep into the Luo vessels but have not yet harmonized with Blood, so blood and fluid separate upon extraction. If not recent drinking, water retention in the body causes swelling over time. If Yin Qi accumulates in the Yang aspect, affecting the Luo vessels, Qi moves before blood upon puncture, causing swelling. If Yin and Yang Qi newly interact but are not harmonized, draining them causes simultaneous depletion of Yin and Yang, separating interior and exterior, leading to pallor. If excessive bleeding occurs with unchanged color but irritability, it indicates puncturing the Luo has emptied the Meridian. If the empty Meridian belongs to Yin, Yin depletion causes irritability. If Yin and Yang combine to form Bi, overflowing internally into meridians and externally into Luo vessels, both Yin and Yang are in excess; even with massive bleeding, deficiency cannot be achieved. The Emperor asked: How to diagnose? Qibo said: Blood vessels that are full, hard, horizontal, and red, with no fixed location, small like needles or large like tendons, are safe to drain. Do not lose the correct method; errors will result in corresponding harm.
Huangdi said: Why does flesh adhere to the needle upon insertion? Qibo said: Heat attaches to the needle, making it hot; heat causes flesh to adhere, making it firm. (*Blood Vessel Chapter*, *Meridian Chapter* states: When puncturing Luo vessels, always select those with knotted, congested blood. Even without knots, urgently drain to expel pathogens; retaining them leads to Bi. Also: Those that are small and short indicate deficient Qi; draining severely causes dizziness, severe dizziness leads to fainting and inability to speak; sit urgently if dizzy.)
The above treatments for Zang-Fu and Meridian diseases differ. Fifteen Luo vessel diseases are most superficial/exterior; Twelve Meridian diseases are next; Six Fu organ diseases are further; Five Zang organ diseases are deepest/interior. Therefore, treatment methods...