〔《大》〕妇人怀胎，有七月八月而产者，有至九月十月而产者，有经一年二年乃至四年而后产者，
各根据后法治。
知母丸 治十月未足，而痛如欲产，兼治产难及子烦。
用知母一味为细末，炼蜜丸如鸡豆大。温酒嚼下，日三服。丸如桐子大，饮下二十丸。
治妊娠月数未足，而似欲产腹痛者。
槐子 蒲黄（等分）
上为末，蜜丸如桐子大。温酒下二十丸。以痛止为度。
又方 蒲黄如枣核大，筛过，以井花水调服。
〔《千》〕日月未足而欲产者，捣菖蒲根汁一二升灌喉中。（本草云∶菖蒲治胎动不安下血。）
〔罗〕治妇过月不产方。
四物汤 香附 桃仁 枳壳 缩砂 紫苏 水煎服，即生。
〔丹〕世之难产者，往往见于郁闷安佚之人，富贵豢养之家，若贫贱辛苦者无有也。古方书止有瘦胎饮一
论，而其方为湖阳公主作也，实非极至之言。何者？见其有用此方者，其难自若。予表妹苦于难产，后遇
胎孕，则触而去之，予甚悯焉。视其形，惟勤于针指，构思旬日，忽自悟曰∶此正与湖阳公主相反。彼
奉养之人，其气必实，耗其气使平和，故易产，今形肥知其气虚，久坐知其不运，必气愈弱，儿在胞胎，
因母气不能自运耳，当补其母之气，则儿健易产矣。令其有孕，至五六个月来告，遂于《大全》方
紫苏饮加补气药与数十帖，因得
男而甚快。后遂以此方随母形色性禀，参时令加减与之，无不应者，因名其方曰达生散。
缩胎饮（即达生散。）
大腹皮（三钱） 人参 陈皮 紫苏茎叶（各五分） 归身尾 白芍 白术（各一钱） 甘草（二钱，炙）
黄杨树脑（七个） 或加枳壳、缩砂、青葱五叶。
上作一帖，吞下益母丸。临月得二十服，易生产，后无病。
按丹溪云∶难产、死胎，此血气滞病也，盖此方补中行滞。春，加川芎。气虚，倍参、术。气
实，倍香附、陈皮。血虚，加当归、地黄。形实，倍紫苏。性急，加黄连。热急，加黄芩。湿痰，
加滑石、半夏。食积，加山楂。食后易饥，加黄杨脑。腹痛，加木香、官桂、黄芩。冬不用芩。
黑神丸 一名催生丸，一名益母丸。
用益母草研末，粥丸。治妇人临月，一日三次服之，用缩砂饮送下，能催生易产。产后服能
生新血去旧血。只以白汤送下，虚者煎白术、人参、陈皮汤送下。
缩胎丸 八九个月用之。
黄芩（夏一两，秋七钱，冬半两。炒） 白术（二两） 茯苓（七钱半） 陈皮（三两）
上末，粥丸桐子大。
又方 候九个月用之。
黄芩（一两，宜热药不宜凉药，怯人减半） 枳壳（炒，七钱半） 滑石（七钱五分，临月十日前，小便
多时，加此一味） 白术（一两）
上为末，粥丸如桐子大。每服三十丸，空心，热汤下。
〔《保》〕 束胎丸
白术 枳壳（各等分）
上烧饼为丸桐子大。入月一日食前五十丸，水下服之，至产已。
〔《本》〕滑胎枳壳散
枳壳 甘草（各二两）
上为细末，每服二钱，百沸汤点服，空心食前，日三服。凡怀孕六七月以上，即服，令儿易生。
初生胎少黑，一百日肉渐变白。此孙真人滑胎易产方，抑阳降气，为众方之冠也。
妊娠，治冲任脉虚，补血安胎，内补丸。
熟地（二两） 当归（一两，微炒）
上细末，炼蜜丸桐子大。每服三四十丸，温酒下。上三方诸集皆载，在人用之如何耳。大率妇人妊
娠，唯在抑阳助阴。《素问》云∶阴搏阳别，谓之有子。盖关前为阳，关后为阴，尺中之脉，按之搏手不
绝者，妊身也。妇人平居，阳气微盛无害，及其妊子，则方闭经隧以养胎，若阳气盛搏之，则经脉妄行，
胎乃不固。《素问》所谓阴虚阳搏，谓之崩也。抑阳助阴之方甚多，然胎前药唯恶群队，若阴阳交杂，
别生他病。唯是枳壳散所以抑阳，四物汤所以助阴故尔。枳壳散差寒，若早服之，恐有胎寒腹痛之疾。
以内补丸佐之，则阳不至强，阴不至弱，阴阳调匀，有益胎孕，此前人未常论及。
〔《本》〕榆白皮焙干为末，妇人妊娠临月，日三服方寸匕，令产极易，产下儿身皆涂之，信有效。
【《妇人大全良方》】妇女怀孕，有在第七、第八个月分娩的，也有到第九、第十个月才分娩的，甚至有经过一年、两年甚至四年之后才分娩的，都根据后面的方法治疗。
知母丸：治疗妊娠月份未满，却出现像要临产一样的疼痛，兼治难产及子烦（妊娠期心烦不安）。
取知母一味药研成细末，用炼蜜制成如鸡豆大小的丸剂。嚼服时温酒送下，每日三次。若制成梧桐子大小的丸剂，每次饮服二十丸。
用于治疗妊娠月份未满，却似要临产且腹痛的情况。
槐子与蒲黄（等分）
将上述药物研为细末，用蜜制成如梧桐子大小的丸剂。温酒送服二十丸，以疼痛停止为度。
又一方：取如枣核大小的蒲黄，筛过后，用井花水调服。
【《千金方》】日月未满而欲临产的，捣菖蒲根取汁一、二升灌入喉中。（《本草》记载：菖蒲可治疗胎动不安及下血。）
【罗谦甫】治疗妇女过期一个月未分娩的方子。
四物汤加香附、桃仁、枳壳、缩砂（砂仁）、紫苏，水煎服，即可分娩。
【朱丹溪】世间的难产者，往往出现在性格郁闷、生活安逸的人身上，富贵人家豢养出来的女子多见此症，贫贱辛苦劳作的女子则没有这种情况。古方书中只有瘦胎饮这一论述，但该方是为湖阳公主所创，并非极至之论。为什么呢？因为见到有人使用此方，其难产情况依然如故。我的表妹苦于难产，后来遇到怀孕，便触景生情将其终止，我很怜悯她。观察她的形体，只见她勤于女红针线，构思了十多天，忽然领悟道：这正与湖阳公主的情况相反。那些奉养优渥之人，其气必实，耗损其气使其平和，所以容易生产；现在她形体肥胖说明气虚，久坐不动说明气机不运，必然导致气更弱，胎儿在胞胎内，因母亲之气不能推动而难以产出，应当补益母亲的气，那么胎儿健壮就容易生产了。让她再次怀孕，到第五、六个月时来告知，于是我在《大全方》中的紫苏饮基础上加入补气药，给她服用了数十帖，因此顺利生下男孩且过程很快。此后便根据母亲的形色禀性，参考时令加减用药，无不应验，因此将此方命名为达生散。
缩胎饮（即达生散）。
大腹皮（三钱），人参、陈皮、紫苏茎叶（各五分），归身尾、白芍、白术（各一钱），甘草（二钱，炙），黄杨树脑（七个）。或加枳壳、缩砂、青葱五叶。
以上为一帖的量，吞服益母丸。临近预产期服用二十帖，易于生产，产后无病。
按丹溪所说：难产、死胎，这是血气滞涩的病证，大概这个方子能补中行滞。春季，加川芎。气虚，加倍人参、白术。气实，加倍香附、陈皮。血虚，加当归、地黄。形实，加倍紫苏。性情急躁，加黄连。热急，加黄芩。湿痰，加滑石、半夏。食积，加山楂。饭后易饥，加黄杨脑。腹痛，加木香、官桂、黄芩。冬季不用黄芩。
黑神丸：又名催生丸，又名益母丸。
用益母草研末，用米粥泛丸。治疗妇女临月时，一日三次服用，用缩砂饮送下，能催生易产。产后服用能生新血去旧血。只用白开水送下，体虚者用煎好的白术、人参、陈皮汤送下。
缩胎丸：用于妊娠八、九个月时。
黄芩（夏季一两，秋季七钱，冬季半两，炒），白术（二两），茯苓（七钱半），陈皮（三两）。
研为细末，用米粥泛丸如梧桐子大小。
又一方：候至九个月时使用。
黄芩（一两，宜用热药不宜用凉药，体质怯弱者减半），枳壳（炒，七钱半），滑石（七钱五分，临近预产期前十天，小便多时，加此一味），白术（一两）。
研为细末，用米粥泛丸如梧桐子大小。每次服用三十丸，空腹，用热汤送下。
【《保命集》】束胎丸
白术、枳壳（各等分）
用烧饼为丸如梧桐子大小。入月后每日早晨食前服用五十丸，水送服，直到分娩结束。
【《本草衍义》】滑胎枳壳散
枳壳、甘草（各二两）
研为细末，每次服用二钱，用百沸汤（滚开水）点服，空腹食前，每日三次。凡怀孕六七月以上，即开始服用，令胎儿易于出生。初生婴儿肤色少黑，一百日后肉质逐渐变白。这是孙真人（孙思邈）的滑胎易产方，具有抑阳降气之功，为众多方剂之首。
妊娠期间，治疗冲任脉虚，补血安胎，用内补丸。
熟地黄（二两），当归（一两，微炒）。
研为细末，用炼蜜制成如梧桐子大小的丸剂。每次服用三四十丸，温酒送下。以上三方在各医集中均有记载，在于使用者如何运用罢了。大抵妇人妊娠，关键在于抑阳助阴。《素问》说：“阴搏阳别，谓之有子。”大概关前为阳，关后为阴，尺部脉搏，按之搏手不绝者，即为妊娠。妇女平时，阳气微盛无害，等到怀孕时，正是闭经隧以养胎的时候，如果阳气盛而搏击之，则经脉妄行，胎元就不稳固。《素问》所谓“阴虚阳搏，谓之崩也”。抑阳助阴的方剂很多，然而产前药唯独厌恶杂乱混杂，如果阴阳交杂，会另生他病。唯有枳壳散所以抑阳，四物汤所以助阴的缘故。枳壳散偏寒，如果早服它，恐怕会有胎寒腹痛的疾病。以内补丸辅助它，则阳不至于过强，阴不至于过弱，阴阳调匀，有益胎孕，这是前人未曾常讨论到的。
【《本草衍义》】榆白皮焙干研为细末，妇女妊娠临月时，每日三次服用方寸匕，令分娩极易，产后婴儿全身涂抹此药，确实有效。
[Da Quan Fang] Women's pregnancy may result in delivery at the seventh or eighth month, or extend to the ninth or tenth month. Some may even deliver after one year, two years, or up to four years. All such cases should be treated according to the following methods.
Zhimu Wan (Anemarrhenae Pill): Treats preterm labor pain when the gestational period is insufficient, as well as difficult labor and Zifan (pregnancy-related restlessness).
Take only Anemarrhenae Rhizoma (Zhimu), grind into fine powder, and mix with refined honey to form pills the size of a chicken bean. Chew and swallow with warm wine, three times daily. If formed into pills the size of a paulownia seed, take twenty pills with water.
Indicated for abdominal pain resembling labor when the gestational months are not yet full.
Sophorae Fructus (Huai Zi) and Pteridis Spora (Puhuang) in equal parts.
Grind the above into powder, mix with honey to form pills the size of a paulownia seed. Take twenty pills with warm wine, until the pain ceases.
Another prescription: Take Sophorae Spora (Puhuang) the size of a jujube pit, sift it, and take mixed with well water.
[Qian Jin Fang] For those desiring delivery before the due date, crush the root of Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma (Changpu) to extract juice, one to two sheng, and instill into the throat. (Bencao states: Changpu treats unstable fetus with bleeding.)
[Luo Qianfu] Prescription for women who have passed the month without delivering.
Siwu Tang (Four Substances Decoction) plus Cyperi Rhizoma (Xiangfu), Persicae Semen (Taoren), Aurantii Fructus (Zhike), Amomi Fructus Rotundus (Suosha), and Perillae Folium (Zisu). Decoct in water and take; delivery will occur.
[Zhu Danxi] Difficult labor in the world often occurs in people who are depressed and live in ease, particularly those raised in wealthy families. It is rarely seen in poor and hardworking individuals. Ancient medical texts only mention Shoutai Yin (Thin Fetus Drink), but this formula was created for Princess Huyang and does not represent the ultimate truth. Why? Because I have seen those using this formula still experiencing difficult labor. My cousin suffered from difficult labor; upon becoming pregnant again, she terminated the pregnancy out of fear, which pained me greatly. Observing her physique, she was diligent in needlework. After pondering for ten days, I suddenly realized: This is exactly opposite to Princess Huyang's condition. Those living in luxury must have excess Qi; consuming their Qi to bring it to balance makes delivery easy. Now, her obesity indicates Qi deficiency, and prolonged sitting indicates stagnant Qi movement, leading to further weakening of Qi. The fetus in the womb cannot move independently because of the mother's weak Qi. Therefore, we should tonify the mother's Qi, making the fetus robust and delivery easy. When she became pregnant again, she reported at five or six months. I added Qi-tonifying herbs to the Zisu Yin (Perilla Decoction) from Da Quan Fang and administered dozens of doses. She subsequently delivered a healthy boy easily. Thereafter, I adjusted this formula based on the mother's physique, temperament, and seasonal changes, achieving consistent success. Thus, I named it Dasheng San (Reaching Life Powder).
Suotai Yin (Fetus-Condensing Drink), also known as Dasheng San.
Arecae Pericarpium (Dafupi) (3 qian), Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma (Renshen), Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium (Chenpi), Perillae Caulis et Folium (Zisu Jingye) (each 5 fen), Angelicae Sinensis Radix (Guishenwei), Paeoniae Radix Alba (Baishao), Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma (Baizhu) (each 1 qian), Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gancao) (2 qian, roasted), Buxi Fructus (Huangyangshunao) (7 pieces). Optionally add Aurantii Fructus (Zhike), Amomi Fructus Rotundus (Suosha), and five leaves of Allium Fistulosum (Qingcong).
Prepare one dose, and swallow with Yimu Wan. Taking twenty doses near term facilitates delivery and ensures no illness postpartum.
According to Danxi: Difficult labor and retained placenta/fetus are diseases of blood and Qi stagnation. This formula tonifies the middle and moves stagnation. In spring, add Chuanxiong Rhizoma (Chuanxiong). For Qi deficiency, double Renshen and Baizhu. For Qi excess, double Xiangfu and Chenpi. For Blood deficiency, add Danggui and Dihuang. For physical robustness, double Zisu. For irritability, add Coptidis Rhizoma (Huanglian). For heat urgency, add Scutellariae Radix (Huangqin). For damp-phlegm, add Talcum (Huashi) and Pinelliae Rhizoma (Banxia). For food stagnation, add Crataegi Fructus (Shanzha). For hunger after eating, add Huangyangnao. For abdominal pain, add Aucklandiae Radix (Muxiang), Cinnamomi Cortex (Guirou), and Huangqin. Do not use Huangqin in winter.
Heishen Wan (Black Divine Pill), also called Cuisheng Wan (Urging Birth Pill) or Yimu Wan (Motherwort Pill).
Grind Motherwort Herba (Yimucao) into powder, and make pills using congee. For women near term, take three times daily, washed down with Suosha Yin (Amomi Drink). It promotes easy delivery. Postpartum use generates new blood and removes old blood. Wash down with plain boiled water; for deficiency, wash down with decoction of Baizhu, Renshen, and Chenpi.
Suotai Wan (Fetus-Condensing Pill): Used in the eighth or ninth month.
Scutellariae Radix (Huangqin) (1 liang in summer, 7 qian in autumn, 0.5 liang in winter, stir-fried), Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma (Baizhu) (2 liang), Poria (Fuling) (7.5 qian), Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium (Chenpi) (3 liang).
Grind into powder, make pills the size of paulownia seeds using congee.
Another prescription: Use when reaching nine months.
Scutellariae Radix (Huangqin) (1 liang, preferably with warming rather than cooling herbs, halve for frail persons), Aurantii Fructus (Zhike) (stir-fried, 7.5 qian), Talcum (Huashi) (7.5 qian, add this ingredient if urination is frequent ten days before term), Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma (Baizhu) (1 liang).
Grind into powder, make pills the size of paulownia seeds using congee. Take thirty pills each time, fasting, washed down with hot water.
[Bao Ming Ji] Shutai Wan (Fetus-Binding Pill)
Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma (Baizhu) and Aurantii Fructus (Zhike) in equal parts.
Make pills the size of paulownia seeds using baked biscuits. One day after entering the ninth month, take fifty pills before meals with water, until delivery is complete.
[Bencao Yan Yi] Hutai Zhike San (Slippery Fetus Aurantium Powder)
Aurantii Fructus (Zhike) and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gancao) (each 2 liang).
Grind into fine powder. Take 2 qian each time, prepared with boiling water. Take fasting before meals, three times daily. Start taking this from the sixth or seventh month of pregnancy to facilitate fetal delivery. Newborns may initially have dark skin, which gradually turns white after one hundred days. This is Sun Simiao's (Sun Zhenren) formula for slippery fetus and easy delivery, which suppresses Yang and descends Qi, ranking as the premier among many formulas.
For pregnancy, treating deficiency of the Chong and Ren meridians, tonifying blood and calming the fetus, use Neibu Wan (Internal Tonification Pill).
Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata (Shudi) (2 liang), Angelicae Sinensis Radix (Danggui) (1 liang, slightly stir-fried).
Grind into fine powder, mix with refined honey to form pills the size of paulownia seeds. Take thirty to forty pills each time, washed down with warm wine. The above three formulas are recorded in various collections; their efficacy depends on proper application by the practitioner. Generally, for pregnant women, the key lies in suppressing Yang and assisting Yin. The Suwen states: "When Yin pulses distinctly separate from Yang, it signifies pregnancy." Roughly speaking, the pulse position anterior to the cun is Yang, posterior is Yin. If the chi pulse feels vigorous and unceasing upon pressure, it indicates pregnancy. Normally, slight Yang excess in women is harmless. However, during pregnancy, when the menstrual channels close to nourish the fetus, if Yang Qi is excessive and attacks, the meridians may bleed recklessly, causing the fetus to become unstable. The Suwen states: "Yin deficiency with Yang pounding leads to metrorrhagia." There are many formulas to suppress Yang and assist Yin. However, prenatal medicines should avoid complex mixtures; if Yin and Yang are mixed indiscriminately, other diseases may arise. The reason Zhike San suppresses Yang and Siwu Tang assists Yin is clear. Zhike San is slightly cold; taking it early may cause fetal cold and abdominal pain. Using Neibu Wan to assist it ensures Yang is not too strong and Yin is not too weak, balancing Yin and Yang, benefiting the pregnancy. This point was rarely discussed by predecessors.
[Bencao Yan Yi] Dry Ulmi Cortex (Yubai Pi) by roasting, grind into powder. For women near term, take one fangcun bi (a measure roughly the size of a square inch) three times daily to facilitate extremely easy delivery. Smearing this on the newborn's body after birth is also effective.