〔垣〕饮食不节，劳倦所伤，以致脾胃虚弱，乃血所生病。主口中津液不行，故口干咽干。
病患自以为渴，医以五苓散治之，反加渴燥，乃重竭津液，以致危亡。经云∶虚则补其母。
当于心与小肠中补之，乃脾胃之根蒂也。以甘温之药为之主，以苦寒为之使，以酸为之臣，佐以辛。
心苦缓，急食酸以收之。心火旺，则肺金受邪，金虚则以酸补之，次以甘温及甘寒之剂，于脾
胃中泻心火之亢盛，是治其本也。
〔《本》〕黄 汤治心中烦躁，不生津液，不思饮食。
黄 熟地 白芍药 五味子 麦门冬（各三两） 甘草 人参 天门冬（各五钱） 白茯苓（一两）
上 咀。每服三钱，姜、枣、乌梅同煎，去渣，食后服。
五味子汤桑枝煎，治口干。（方见痈疽。）燥热咽干，忌南星、半夏。
运气口燥舌干，皆为热燥二气，然分言之有四∶
一曰热。经云∶岁火太过，民病嗌燥。又云∶少阴司天，热淫所胜，病胸中烦热嗌干，
治以寒剂是也。
二曰燥。经云∶金郁之发，嗌干面尘。又云∶阳明在泉，燥淫所胜，甚则嗌干面尘，治
以温剂是也。
三曰上热下燥。经云∶少阴司天之政，水火寒热之气，持于气交，民病嗌干，四之气，民病寒
热嗌干是也。
四曰上燥下热。经曰∶阳明司天之政，四之气，民病嗌干引饮，皆治以寒温，多少其制是也。
〔《素》〕督脉主病嗌干。（骨空论）
[李东垣] 饮食没有节制，劳累过度导致损伤，致使脾胃虚弱，这是血分所发生的病变。主要表现是口中津液不能输布，所以出现口干、咽干的症状。
病人自认为口渴，医生用五苓散来治疗，反而加重了口渴和燥热，这是因为再次耗竭了津液，从而导致危重甚至死亡。《内经》说：“虚证应当补其母脏。”
应当在心与小肠中补益，因为心是小脾的根源（火生土）。以甘温性质的药物作为主药，以苦寒性质的药物作为使药，以酸味药物作为辅药，佐以辛味药物。
心气容易涣散，急需食用酸味药物来收敛它。如果心火旺盛，就会使肺金受到邪气侵害，肺金虚弱时就用酸味药物来补益它，其次使用甘温和甘寒的药物，在脾胃中清泻心火的亢盛，这就是治本的方法。
[《本草纲目》引方] 黄芪汤治疗心中烦躁，不产生津液，不想吃东西。
黄芪、熟地黄、白芍药、五味子、麦门冬（各三两），甘草、人参、天门冬（各五钱），白茯苓（一两）。
以上药材切碎。每次服用三钱，加生姜、大枣、乌梅共同煎煮，去渣滓，饭后服用。
五味子汤、桑枝煎，治疗口干。（方剂见“痈疽”章节。）燥热引起的咽干，忌用南星、半夏。
运气学说中的口燥舌干，都是由于热燥二气所致，但如果分别论述，有四种情况：
第一种叫作热。《内经》说：“岁火太过，百姓患病咽喉干燥。”又说：“少阴君天当令，热气过胜，病证为胸中烦热、咽喉干燥，治疗用寒凉药剂。”
第二种叫作燥。《内经》说：“金气郁结而发作，咽喉干燥、面色如蒙尘垢。”又说：“阳明在泉当令，燥气过胜，严重时咽喉干燥、面色如蒙尘垢，治疗用温性药剂。”
第三种叫作上热下燥。《内经》说：“少阴君天当令的政令，水火寒热之气，交互于气交之中，百姓患病咽喉干燥；到了四之气阶段，百姓患寒热往来且咽喉干燥。”
第四种叫作上燥下热。《内经》说：“阳明君天当令的政令，到了四之气阶段，百姓患病咽喉干燥且想喝水，都采用寒凉与温性药物配合治疗，根据具体情况调整剂量和制法。”
[《素问》] 督脉主管的疾病包括咽喉干燥。（出自《骨空论》）
[Li Dongyuan] Irregular diet and overwork cause damage, leading to Spleen-Stomach deficiency (Spleen-Stomach weakness), which is a disease originating from the Blood level. The primary manifestation is the failure of fluids to circulate in the mouth, resulting in dry mouth and dry throat.
If the patient perceives thirst and the physician treats it with Wuling San (Five-Ling Powder), thirst and dryness will instead worsen. This is due to further depletion of body fluids, leading to critical danger or death. The Classic states: "For deficiency syndromes, tonify its mother."
Tonification should be directed at the Heart and Small Intestine, as they are the root of the Spleen-Stomach (Fire generates Earth). Use sweet-warm herbs as the principal agents, bitter-cold herbs as the guiding agents, sour herbs as the assistant agents, and pungent herbs as supplements.
The Heart dislikes laxity; urgently consume sour substances to astringe it. If Heart Fire is hyperactive, it pathologically affects Lung Metal. When Lung Metal is deficient, tonify it with sour substances. Subsequently, use sweet-warm and sweet-cold preparations to drain the hyperactivity of Heart Fire within the Spleen-Stomach. This constitutes treating the root cause.
[From *Bencao*] Huangqi Tang (Astragalus Decoction) treats irritability in the chest, lack of saliva production, and anorexia.
Huangqi (Astragali Radix), Shudi (Rehmanniae Radix Preparata), Baishao (Paeoniae Radix Alba), Wuweizi (Schisandrae Fructus), Maimendong (Ophiopogonis Radix) [each 3 liang]; Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma), Renshen (Ginseng Radix), Tianmendong (Asparagi Radix) [each 5 qian]; BaiFuling (Poria) [1 liang].
Crush the above ingredients. Take 3 qian per dose, decoct with fresh ginger, Jujube, and Wumei (Mume Fructus), strain, and administer after meals.
Wuweizi Tang (Schisandra Decoction) and Sangzhi Jian (Mulberry Twig Decoction) treat dry mouth. (Formulas see chapter on Carbuncles and Ulcers.) For dry throat caused by dry-heat, avoid Nanxing (Arisaematis Rhizoma Preparatum) and Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma).
Regarding Yunqi (Six Qi and Five Movements) theory, oral dryness and tongue dryness are both attributed to Heat and Dryness pathogens. However, when analyzed separately, there are four categories:
First is Heat. The Classic states: "When Yearly Fire is excessive, the people suffer from throat dryness." It also states: "When Shaoyin governs the Heaven, excess Heat causes symptoms such as vexation and heat in the chest and throat dryness; treat with cold preparations."
Second is Dryness. The Classic states: "When Metal stagnation erupts, there is throat dryness and a dusty complexion." It also states: "When Yangming governs the Earth, excess Dryness causes severe throat dryness and a dusty complexion; treat with warm preparations."
Third is Upper Heat and Lower Dryness. The Classic states: "In the administration of Shaoyin governing Heaven, the Qi of Water, Fire, Cold, and Heat interact at the Qi junction, causing people to suffer from throat dryness. In the Fourth Qi period, people suffer from alternating chills and fever with throat dryness."
Fourth is Upper Dryness and Lower Heat. The Classic states: "In the administration of Yangming governing Heaven, during the Fourth Qi period, people suffer from throat dryness and polydipsia. All are treated with a combination of cold and warm therapies, adjusting the dosage and formulation according to circumstances."
[From *Suwen*] The Du Mai (Governor Vessel) governs diseases manifesting as throat dryness. (From the chapter *Gukong Lun*)