〔仲〕干呕，吐逆，吐涎沫，半夏干姜散主之。
半夏 干姜（各等分）
上二味，杵为散。取方寸匕，浆水一升半，煎取七合，顿服之。
干呕吐涎沫，头痛者，吴茱萸汤主之。（方见伤寒。）
妇人吐涎沫，医反下之，心下即痞，当先治其吐涎沫，小青龙汤主之。涎沫止，乃治痞，泻心汤主之。
刺灸 呕沫，独取手太阴。经云∶手太阴厥逆，虚满而咳，善呕沫，治主病者是也。
脾脉微急，为膈中食饮，入而还出，后沃沫。（全文见虚实法。经云∶急者多寒。）
〔仲〕呕家有痈脓，不可治呕，脓尽自愈。
〔丹〕吐虫。黑锡炒成灰，槟榔末，米饮调下。
〔仲〕蛔厥者当吐蛔，今病者静而复时烦，此为脏寒，蛔上入膈故烦，须臾复止，得食而呕。又烦者，蛔
闻食臭出，其人当自吐蛔。蛔厥者，乌梅丸主之，又主痢。（方见伤寒厥阴论。）
刺灸 呕虫独取胃。经云∶胃咳之状，咳而呕，呕甚则长虫出，取胃三里是也。
〔《脉》〕关上脉微浮，积热在胃中，呕吐蛔虫，心健忘。
〔仲〕病患有寒，复发汗，胃中冷，必吐蛔。
成无己云∶若止呕吐而利，《经》云谓之吐利是也。上吐下利，躁扰烦乱，乃谓之霍乱，其与但称吐利者有
异也。盖暴于旦夕者为霍乱，可数日久者为吐利。今以暴为霍乱者，寓于伤寒吐利门，徐而日久者入此门。
〔海〕上吐下泻不止当渴，而反不渴，脉微细而弱者，理中汤主之。（方见伤寒。）
〔丹〕泄泻或呕吐。六一散，生姜汁汤调。
丈夫因辛苦发热，腰脚痛，吐泻交作。
白术 滑石 陈皮（各二钱） 木通 柴胡（钱半） 人参（一钱） 甘草（五分）
〔《脉》〕心乘肝，必吐利。
运气 吐利有二∶
一曰风木。经云∶厥阴所至，为呕泄。又云∶木太过曰发生，发生之纪，上征则气逆，其病吐利是也。
二曰寒水。经云；水太过曰流衍，流衍之纪，其动漂泄沃涌是也。（漂泄谓泄利，沃涌谓吐沫也。）
咳呕腹痛且发泄，其脉绝，是逆也。（全文见诊生死。）
〔仲〕干呕而利者，黄芩加半夏生姜汤主之。
黄芩（三两） 甘草（炙，二两） 芍药（三两） 半夏（半斤） 生姜（四两） 大枣（二十个）
上六味，以水一斗，煮取三升，去滓，温服一升。日再、夜一服。
黄芩汤 治干呕下利。
黄芩（二两） 人参 干姜（各三两） 桂枝（一两） 大枣（十二个） 半夏（半两）
上六味，以水七升，煮取三升，温分三服。
〔洁〕水煮金花丸 治有痰而泄痢不止，甚则呕而欲吐，利下而不能食，由风痰羁绊脾胃之间。
半夏（一两，汤洗） 天南星（一两，洗） 天麻（半两） 寒水石（烧存性，一两） 雄黄（一钱半）
白面（四两）
上为末，滴水为丸，桐子大。每服百丸，先煎浆水沸，下药煮令浮为度，漉出，生姜汤下，食前。
【张仲景】干呕，呕吐逆气，吐出涎沫，用半夏干姜散主治。
半夏、干姜（各等分）
以上两味药，捣碎研成散剂。取方寸匕大小的药量，加入浆水一升半，煎煮至七合，一次性服下。
干呕并吐出涎沫，伴有头痛的，用吴茱萸汤主治。（方剂见《伤寒论》。）
妇人吐出涎沫，医生反而使用攻下法，导致心下部痞塞，应当先治疗其吐涎沫，用小青龙汤主治。待涎沫停止后，再治疗痞证，用泻心汤主治。
【针灸】治疗呕沫，独取手太阴肺经。经文说：手太阴经气厥逆，出现虚胀且咳嗽，容易呕吐涎沫，治疗应针对主病之经穴。
脾脉微急，表现为膈中饮食，吃进去又吐出来，随后流出大量涎沫。（全文见虚实法章节。经文说：脉急者多属寒证。）
【张仲景】患有痈脓而呕吐的，不可单纯止呕，待脓液排尽自然痊愈。
【朱丹溪】吐虫。将黑锡炒成灰，配合槟榔末，用米汤调服。
【张仲景】蛔厥证应当吐蛔虫，现在病人安静时却时而心烦，这是因为内脏寒冷，蛔虫上行进入膈部所以心烦，片刻后又停止，进食后则呕吐。如果再次心烦，是因为蛔虫闻到食物气味而出动，此人应当自行吐出蛔虫。蛔厥证，用乌梅丸主治，同时也主治痢疾。（方剂见《伤寒论·厥阴病篇》。）
【针灸】治疗吐虫，独取胃经。经文说：胃咳的症状是咳嗽伴呕吐，呕吐剧烈则排出长虫，取足三里穴即是此意。
【《脉经》】关上脉微浮，积热在胃中，呕吐蛔虫，心中健忘。
【张仲景】病人本有寒证，又发汗，导致胃中寒冷，必定吐蛔虫。
成无己说：如果只是呕吐而没有腹泻，《内经》称之为吐利。上吐下泻，躁扰烦乱，才称为霍乱，这与仅称吐利的情况不同。大概突然发作于旦夕之间的是霍乱，可以持续数日的是吐利。现在将突发者归为霍乱，收录于伤寒吐利门；缓慢发作且日久者归入此门。
【李东垣】上吐下泻不止且口渴，反而不渴，脉象微细而弱的，用理中汤主治。（方剂见《伤寒论》。）
【朱丹溪】泄泻或呕吐。用六一散，生姜汁调汤送服。
男子因劳累辛苦发热，腰脚疼痛，吐泻交替发作。
白术、滑石、陈皮（各二钱）、木通、柴胡（一钱半）、人参（一钱）、甘草（五分）
【运气学说】吐利有两种情况：
一是风木。经文说：厥阴所至，发生呕吐泄泻。又说：木气太过称为发生，发生之纪，向上征伐则气机逆乱，其病症为吐利。
二是寒水。经文说：水气太过称为流衍，流衍之纪，其变动为漂泄沃涌。（漂泄指泄利，沃涌指吐沫。）
咳嗽、呕吐、腹痛且泄泻，若脉象绝，这是逆证。（全文见诊生死章节。）
【张仲景】干呕而伴有腹泻的，用黄芩加半夏生姜汤主治。
黄芩（三两）、甘草（炙，二两）、芍药（三两）、半夏（半斤）、生姜（四两）、大枣（二十个）
以上六味药，用水一斗，煎煮至三升，去渣，温服一升。每日两次，夜间一次。
黄芩汤 治疗干呕下利。
黄芩（二两）、人参、干姜（各三两）、桂枝（一两）、大枣（十二个）、半夏（半两）
以上六味药，用水七升，煎煮至三升，温服，分三次服用。
【李杲】水煮金花丸 治疗有痰而泄痢不止，严重则呕吐欲吐，利下不能进食，这是由于风痰羁绊在脾胃之间所致。
半夏（一两，汤洗）、天南星（一两，洗）、天麻（半两）、寒水石（烧存性，一两）、雄黄（一钱半）、白面（四两）
以上药物研为细末，滴水泛丸，如梧桐子大。每次服用一百丸，先煎浆水煮沸，下药煮至浮起为度，捞出，用生姜汤送服，饭前服用。
[Zhang Zhongjing] Dry retching, vomiting with reverse qi, and spitting out saliva and foam are treated with Banxia Ganjiang San (Pinellia and Dried Ginger Powder).
Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma) and Ganjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens) in equal parts.
The above two ingredients are crushed into a powder. Take one Fangcunbi (a traditional Chinese measuring spoon) of the powder, add 1.5 sheng of Jiangshui (fermented grain water), decoct to obtain 7 he, and take it all at once.
Dry retching accompanied by spitting out saliva and foam, along with headache, is treated with Wuzhuyu Tang (Evodia Decoction). (Formula see Shanghan Lun.)
In women, spitting out saliva and foam; if the physician mistakenly uses purgatives, epigastric fullness (pi syndrome) will result. One must first treat the spitting of saliva and foam with Xiao Qinglong Tang (Minor Blue Dragon Decoction). Once the saliva and foam cease, then treat the epigastric fullness with Xiexin Tang (Drain the Epigastrium Decoction).
[Acupuncture and Moxibustion] For vomiting and spitting foam, exclusively select the Hand-Taiyin Lung Meridian. The classic states: When Qi rebellion occurs in the Hand-Taiyin meridian, there is deficiency-type fullness and cough, with frequent vomiting of foam; treatment should focus on the affected meridian.
A slightly rapid pulse in the Spleen indicates food and drink stagnating in the diaphragm, leading to regurgitation after ingestion, followed by profuse salivation. (Full text see Xu Shi Fa chapter. The classic states: Rapid pulses often indicate cold.)
[Zhang Zhongjing] In cases of vomiting due to carbuncle pus, do not treat the vomiting directly; the condition will resolve spontaneously once the pus is exhausted.
[Zhu Danxi] Vomiting worms. Roast Heixi (Nigrum Plumbum) until ash-like, mix with Binglang powder (Arecae Semen), and administer with rice water.
[Zhang Zhongjing] In Huijue (Ascaris Syncope), the patient vomits roundworms. If the patient is quiet but experiences intermittent restlessness, this is due to internal cold causing the ascarids to ascend into the diaphragm, resulting in restlessness, which ceases after a moment. Eating triggers vomiting. If restlessness recurs, it is because the ascarids detect the odor of food and emerge; the patient will likely vomit them naturally. Huijue is treated with Wumei Wan (Mume Pill), which also treats dysentery. (Formula see Shanghan Lun, Jueyin Chapter.)
[Acupuncture and Moxibustion] For vomiting worms, exclusively select the Stomach Meridian. The classic states: The manifestation of Stomach Cough is coughing with vomiting; severe vomiting may expel long worms. Select Zusanli (ST-36) of the Stomach Meridian for this purpose.
[Mai Jing] A slightly floating pulse at the Guan position indicates accumulated heat in the Stomach, leading to vomiting of roundworms and forgetfulness.
[Zhang Zhongjing] If a patient with existing cold symptoms undergoes sweating therapy, causing cold in the Stomach, they will inevitably vomit roundworms.
Cheng Wuji stated: If there is only vomiting without diarrhea, the Classic calls this "Tou Li" (Vomiting and Diarrhea). Upper vomiting and lower diarrhea accompanied by restlessness and confusion are called "Huoluan" (Cholera-like disorder), which differs from simple Tou Li. Acute onset within a day or night is Huoluan, while prolonged duration over several days is Tou Li. Currently, acute cases classified as Huoluan are placed in the Shanghan Tou Li section, while gradual, prolonged cases are included in this section.
[Li Dongyuan] For continuous upper vomiting and lower diarrhea where thirst is absent despite the expectation of thirst, and the pulse is fine, weak, and minute, Lizhong Tang (Regulate the Middle Decoction) is indicated. (Formula see Shanghan Lun.)
[Zhu Danxi] For diarrhea or vomiting. Use Liuyi San (Six-to-One Powder), mixed with ginger juice and water.
For a man suffering from fever due to overwork, with pain in the waist and legs, and alternating vomiting and diarrhea:
Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma), Huashi (Talcum), Chenpi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium) (each 2 qian); Mutong (Akebiae Caulis), Chaihu (Bupleuri Radix) (1.5 qian); Renshen (Ginseng Radix) (1 qian); Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) (0.5 qian).
[Mai Jing] If Heart Qi invades Liver Qi, vomiting and diarrhea will occur.
[Five Movements and Six Qi Theory] There are two types of Tou Li:
First, Wind-Wood. The classic states: Wherever Jueyin prevails, vomiting and diarrhea occur. It also states: Excessive Wood energy is called Fa Sheng. In the era of Fa Sheng, upward aggression leads to Qi rebellion, manifesting as vomiting and diarrhea.
Second, Cold-Water. The classic states: Excessive Water energy is called Liu Yan. In the era of Liu Yan, the movement is characterized by flooding, draining, and surging. (Flooding and draining refer to diarrhea; surging refers to vomiting foam.)
Cough, vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea, combined with an absent pulse, indicate a counter-flow (adverse) condition. (Full text see Zhen Sheng Si chapter.)
[Zhang Zhongjing] Dry retching accompanied by diarrhea is treated with Huangqin Jia Banxia Shengjiang Tang (Scutellaria Decoction plus Pinellia and Fresh Ginger).
Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix) (3 liang), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, honey-fried) (2 liang), Shaoyao (Paeoniae Radix Alba) (3 liang), Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma) (0.5 jin), Shengjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens) (4 liang), Dazao (Jujubae Fructus) (20 pieces).
The above six ingredients are decocted in 10 dou of water to obtain 3 sheng. Strain and take 1 sheng warm. Administer twice daily and once at night.
Huangqin Tang (Scutellaria Decoction) treats dry retching and diarrhea.
Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix) (2 liang), Renshen (Ginseng Radix), Ganjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma) (each 3 liang), Guizhi (Cinnamomi Ramulus) (1 liang), Dazao (Jujubae Fructus) (12 pieces), Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma) (0.5 liang).
The above six ingredients are decocted in 7 sheng of water to obtain 3 sheng. Take warm, divided into three doses.
[Li Gao] Shuizhu Jinhua Wan (Water-Boiled Golden Flower Pill) treats persistent dysentery caused by phlegm, severe enough to cause vomiting and inability to eat due to wind-phlegm binding the Spleen and Stomach.
Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma, washed in boiling water) (1 liang), Tiannanxing (Arisaematis Rhizoma, washed) (1 liang), Tianma (Gastrodiae Rhizoma) (0.5 liang), Hanshuishi (Calcitrum, calcined retaining its nature) (1 liang), Xionghuang (Realgar) (1.5 qian), Baifan (Alumen) (4 liang).
Grind into powder, form pills with dripping water, size of tung tree seeds. Take 100 pills per dose. First boil Jiangshui (fermented grain water), add the pills, cook until they float, strain, and swallow with ginger-infused water before meals.