〔丹〕治消渴，养气、降火、生血为主。栝蒌根，治消渴之神药。心移热于肺，传为膈消。
（全文见诊病传变王注云∶心胁两间中有斜膈膜，膈膜下际内连于横膈膜，故心热入肺，久久传
化，内为膈热，消渴而多饮也。）
〔垣〕洁古云∶能食而渴者，白虎倍加人参汤主之。不能食而渴者，钱氏白术散加葛根，
大作汤剂广服之。
〔《保》〕人参石膏汤 治膈消。上焦烦渴，不欲多食。
人参（五钱） 石膏（一两） 知母（七钱） 甘草（四钱）
每服五钱，水煎，食后温服。
〔钱〕加减地骨皮散治上消。
知母 柴胡 甘草（炙） 半夏 地骨皮 赤茯苓 白芍药 黄 石膏 黄芩 桔梗
上为细末。每服三钱，姜五片，水煎，食远温服。
〔垣〕白术散 治虚热而渴。
人参 白术 白茯苓 甘草（各一两） 干葛（二两） 藿香（一两，去土） 木香（一两）
上为末。每服三钱，煎温服。如饮水多，多与服之。（海藏云∶四君子加减法，治湿胜气脱，
泄利太过。）
〔海〕治脾胃虚弱，大渴不止而食少，小便不利，大便不调，精神短少，腹窄狭如绳束之。
白茯苓（去皮） 橘红（各一两） 生姜（半两）
上为末，炼蜜丸如弹子大。每服二丸，白汤化，空心服。忌生冷硬物、怒发、思虑过度。如
脉弦或腹中急甚者，加甘草三钱。
〔易老〕门冬饮子治老、弱、虚人大渴。
人参 枸杞子 白茯苓 甘草（各三分） 五味子（半两） 麦门冬（去心，半两） 姜水煎服。
〔罗〕门冬饮子治膈消。胸满心烦，精神短少，多为消病。
知母 甘草（炙） 栝蒌仁 五味子 人参 葛根 茯神 生地 麦门冬（各一两）
上为粗末。每服五钱，加竹叶十四片同煎。
〔垣〕小便不利而渴，知内有湿也。小便自利而渴，知内有燥也。湿宜泄之；燥宜润之。
〔仲〕脉浮，小便不利，微热消渴者，宜利小便、发汗，五苓散主之。（方见伤寒。）脉浮发
热，渴欲饮水，小便不利者，猪苓汤主之。（方见伤寒。）
〔《本》〕火府丹治消渴。（方见淋。）
壬戌年，一卒病渴，日饮水三斗，不食者三月，心中烦闷。时已十月，予谓心中有伏热，与此
药数服，每服五十丸，温水下。越二日来谢云∶当日三服渴止，又次日三服，饮食如故。此方本
治淋，用以治渴效，信乎药要变通用之。
〔藏器〕石燕，主消渴，同水牛鼻和煮饮之。
渴而小便自利诸方，并见下消燥热条。
〔垣〕神效生津甘露饮子。（方见下消燥热条。）
〔丹〕消渴泄泻。先用白芍、白术各炒为末调服，后随症用药。
〔垣〕止渴润燥汤治消渴，大便干燥，喜温饮，阴头短缩，舌上白燥，唇裂口干，眼涩难开，
及于黑处，如见浮云。
升麻（一钱半） 柴胡（七分） 甘草梢（五分） 杏仁（六个） 桃仁（研，一钱） 麻仁（研，
一钱） 归身（一钱） 红花（少许） 防风根（一钱） 荆芥穗（一钱） 熟地（二钱） 小椒（一分）
细辛（一分） 黄柏（一钱） 知母 石膏（各一钱）
水煎去渣，食后热服。
杂症有汗而渴者，以辛润之；无汗而渴者，以苦坚之。太阳无汗而渴，不宜服白虎汤。若得
汗后，脉洪大而渴者，宜服之。阳明汗多而渴，不宜服五苓散。若小便不利，汗少，脉浮而渴者，
宜服之。
〔丹〕消渴病退后而燥渴不解，此有余热在肺经，可用参、苓、甘草少许，生姜汁冷服。虚
者可用人参汤。
〔洁〕化水丹治手、足少阴渴饮不止，或心痛者。（《本事》治饮冷水多。）
川乌（脐大者四个，炮去皮） 甘草（炙，一两） 牡蛎（生，三两） 蛤粉（用浓者，炮，六两）
上为细末，醋浸蒸饼为丸。每服十五丸，新水下。心痛者，醋汤下立愈。饮水一石者，一服
愈。海藏云∶此药能化停水。
〔垣〕太阳经渴，其脉浮，无汗者，五苓散、滑石之类主之。阳明经渴，其脉长，有汗者，白
虎汤、凉膈散之类主之。少阳经渴，其脉弦而呕者，小柴胡汤加栝蒌之类主之。太阴经渴，其脉
细，不欲饮，纵饮思汤不思水者，四君子、理中汤之类主之。少阴经渴，其脉沉细，自利者，猪苓
汤、三黄丸之类主之。厥阴经渴，其脉微，引饮者，宜少少与之。
〔《圣》〕治时气烦渴。用生藕汁一盏，入生蜜一合，令匀，分为三服。
蜜酒方
好蜜（三斤） 水（一碗） 细曲（一升） 好干酵（二两）
上先熬蜜水，去沫，冷下曲，酵。每日搅三次，热服。
〔仲〕渴欲饮水不止者，文蛤散主之。
文蛤（五两，按《本草》云∶文蛤，味咸寒，治消渴。陈无择以文蛤为五味子）
上一件捍为散，以沸汤和服方寸匕。
〔《经》〕治一切渴。用大牡蛎不拘多少，于腊月或端午日，黄泥裹 通赤，放冷取出为末。
用鲫鱼煎汤下一钱匕；小儿五分。只两服瘥。
〔《本》〕治渴疾，饮水不止。神效散。
白浮石 蛤粉 蝉壳（等分）
上为末。用鲫鱼胆七个，调三钱，不拘时服。
又消渴方。
白浮石 舶上青苔（等分） 麝香（少许）
上为末。每服二钱，温汤下。
黄连丸即栝蒌根丸是也。
〔《保》〕上焦燥而渴，蜜煎生姜汤，用大器倾注，时时呷之。法曰∶心肺之病，莫厌频
而少饮。《内经》曰∶补上治上宜以缓。又曰∶辛以润之。开腠理致津液，通则肺气下流，故火气
降而燥衰矣，其渴即止。有人消渴引饮无度，或令食韭苗，日用三五两，不得入盐，但吃得十
斤即效。
〔海〕千里浆一名水葫芦。
木瓜 紫苏叶 桂（各一两） 乌梅肉（一两） 赤茯苓（一两） 一方有神曲、豆粉。
上为末，炼蜜丸，如弹子大。噙化一丸，咽下。（齿属肾水故也。）
又方
百药煎 乌梅肉 紫苏叶 人参 甘草 麦门冬
上等分，为细末，炼蜜丸如弹子大。噙化。
芷梅汤
乌梅肉 甘草（各三分） 百药煎（一两） 白芷（半两） 白檀（三钱）
上为细末，汤点服。
运气渴有二∶
一曰热助心盛而渴。经云∶少阳司天之政，三之气，炎暑至，民病渴。又云∶少阴之复，
渴而欲饮。又云∶少阳之复，嗌络焦槁，渴引水浆，治以诸寒剂是也。
二曰寒攻心虚而渴。经云∶太阳司天，寒气下临，心火上从，嗌干善渴。又云∶太阳司天，
寒淫所胜，民病嗌干，渴而欲饮。又云∶寒水太过，上临太阳，民病渴而妄冒，治以诸热是也。
〔丹〕治消渴，用缫丝汤饮之，能引肾气上行朝于口。
〔仲〕吐酸，欲得水而贪饮者，文蛤饮主之，兼治微风，脉紧，头痛。
文蛤（五两） 麻黄 甘草 生姜（各三两） 石膏（五两） 杏仁（五十粒） 大枣（十二枚）
上 咀，以水七升，煮取二升，温服一升，汗愈。
〔垣〕甘草石膏汤治渴病全愈再剧，舌白滑微肿，咽喉咽唾觉痛，嗌肿，时渴饮冷，白沫如
胶，饮冷乃止。
升麻（一钱五分） 柴胡（七分） 甘草根（五分） 黄柏（一钱） 石膏（六分） 杏仁（六个）
桃仁 防风根 荆芥穗 生地（各一钱） 熟地（三分） 黄连（三分） 知母（一钱） 细辛（一分）
红花（少许） 小椒（三个） 归身（一钱）
上水煎，去渣，食后热服。
针灸口渴咽干有四法∶
其一取心。经云∶心手少阴之脉，是动则病嗌干，心痛，渴而欲饮，随盛虚寒热陷下取之也。
其二取肺、大肠。经云∶大肠手阳明之脉，所生病者，目黄口干，随盛虚寒热陷下以施补泻
疾留之法也。
又云∶肺虚则少气，耳聋嗌干，取其经太阴太阳之外，厥阴内血者是也。
其三取肾。经云∶肾足少阴之脉，所生病者，口热舌干，咽肿嗌干，随盛虚寒热陷下取之。
又云∶嗌干口中热如胶，取足少阴是也。
其四取肝。经云∶肝足厥阴之脉，是动病甚则嗌干，面尘脱色，随盛虚寒热陷下取之。
〔《密》〕（消渴，经百日以上者，不可刺灸，刺灸则疮口病水不止） 玉液（一分，泻见血讫，
取下穴） 三里（泻讫如前，补玉液一分，再取下穴） 关元（泻讫再取廉泉。）
〔《集》〕又法∶金津 玉液 承浆（不已再取） 海泉 人中 廉泉 肾俞 气海
〔东〕小肠俞阳池（各灸之。）廉泉（出恶血方已。）又法∶胃 心 膻中（各灸之。）又法∶
承浆 然谷 劳宫 曲池 意舍 关元（各灸之。）
〔世〕口热咽干，唾如粘胶，口苦，嗌仲介介然∶太溪（五分。）阳陵泉（二寸半。）
〔《甲》〕渴饮，身体燥，多噫，隐白主之。消渴嗜饮，承浆主之。消渴，脘骨主之。嗌干，
腹痛，坐卧目KT KT ，善怒多言，伏溜主之。
【丹溪】治疗消渴病，以养气、降火、生血为主要原则。栝蒌根（天花粉），是治疗消渴病的特效药。心经移热于肺，传变发展为膈消（上消）。
（全文详见《诊病传变》王冰注云：在心与胁部两间中有斜行的膈膜，膈膜下际内连于横膈膜，所以心热入肺，日久传化，内部形成膈热，导致消渴且多饮。）
【垣】洁古说：能进食但口渴的，用白虎加人参汤倍量人参主治。不能进食但口渴的，用钱氏白术散加葛根，制成大剂量的汤剂广泛服用。
【《保命集》】人参石膏汤 治疗膈消。症状为上焦烦渴，不想多吃东西。
人参（五钱） 石膏（一两） 知母（七钱） 甘草（四钱）
每次服用五钱，水煎煮，饭后温服。
【钱乙】加减地骨皮散 治疗上消。
知母 柴胡 甘草（炙） 半夏 地骨皮 赤茯苓 白芍药 黄芪 石膏 黄芩 桔梗
以上药物研为细末。每次服用三钱，加生姜五片，水煎煮，饭前或饭后较长时间后温服。
【李杲】白术散 治疗因虚热引起的口渴。
人参 白术 白茯苓 甘草（各一两） 干葛（二两） 藿香（一两，去土） 木香（一两）
以上药物研为末。每次服用三钱，煎煮后温服。如果饮水很多，可以多给服用。（海藏云：这是四君子汤的加减法，治疗湿气胜而气脱，泄利过多的情况。）
【张元素】治疗脾胃虚弱，大渴不止且食少，小便不利，大便不调，精神短少，腹部狭窄如绳束之感。
白茯苓（去皮） 橘红（各一两） 生姜（半两）
以上药物研为末，炼蜜制成如弹子大的丸药。每次服用两丸，用白开水化开，空腹服用。忌食生冷硬物，忌发怒，忌思虑过度。如果脉象弦或腹中急痛严重的，加甘草三钱。
【易老】门冬饮子 治疗老人、体弱者及虚人大渴。
人参 枸杞子 白茯苓 甘草（各三分） 五味子（半两） 麦门冬（去心，半两） 姜水煎服。
【罗天益】门冬饮子 治疗膈消。症状为胸满心烦，精神短少，多为消渴病。
知母 甘草（炙） 栝蒌仁 五味子 人参 葛根 茯神 生地 麦门冬（各一两）
以上药物研为粗末。每次服用五钱，加竹叶十四片同煎。
【李杲】小便不利而口渴，知道体内有湿。小便自利而口渴，知道体内有燥。湿邪宜用渗泄法；燥邪宜用润燥法。
【张仲景】脉浮，小便不利，微热消渴的，宜用利小便、发汗法，五苓散主治。（方剂见《伤寒论》）。脉浮发热，渴欲饮水，小便不利的，猪苓汤主治。（方剂见《伤寒论》）。
【《本草》】火府丹 治疗消渴。（方剂见淋证条）。
壬戌年，一名士兵患渴病，每天饮水三斗，三个月不吃饭，心中烦闷。当时已是十月，我认为他心中有伏热，给予此药数服，每服五十丸，温水送下。过了两天来道谢说：当天服三次渴止，又次日服三次，饮食恢复正常。此方本治淋证，用来治渴有效，确实证明药物要灵活变通使用。
【朱丹溪】消渴伴泄泻。先用白芍、白术各炒为末调服，后随症用药。
【李杲】止渴润燥汤 治疗消渴，大便干燥，喜温饮，阴头短缩，舌上白燥，唇裂口干，眼涩难开，及至暗处如见浮云。
升麻（一钱半） 柴胡（七分） 甘草梢（五分） 杏仁（六个） 桃仁（研，一钱） 麻仁（研，一钱） 归身（一钱） 红花（少许） 防风根（一钱） 荆芥穗（一钱） 熟地（二钱） 小椒（一分） 细辛（一分） 黄柏（一钱） 知母 石膏（各一钱）
水煎去渣，饭后热服。
杂症有汗而渴的，用辛润法；无汗而渴的，用苦坚法。太阳病无汗而渴，不宜服白虎汤。若得汗后，脉洪大而渴的，宜服之。阳明病汗多而渴，不宜服五苓散。若小便不利，汗少，脉浮而渴的，宜服之。
【朱丹溪】消渴病退后而燥渴不解，这是有余热在肺经，可用参、苓、甘草少许，生姜汁冷服。虚者可用人参汤。
【洁古】化水丹 治疗手、足少阴经渴饮不止，或心痛者。（《本事方》治饮冷水多）。
川乌（脐大者四个，炮去皮） 甘草（炙，一两） 牡蛎（生，三两） 蛤粉（用浓者，炮，六两）
以上药物研为细末，醋浸蒸饼为丸。每次服用十五丸，新汲水下。心痛的，醋汤送下立愈。饮水一石的，一服即愈。海藏云：此药能化停水。
【李杲】太阳经渴，其脉浮，无汗的，五苓散、滑石之类主治。阳明经渴，其脉长，有汗的，白虎汤、凉膈散之类主治。少阳经渴，其脉弦而呕的，小柴胡汤加栝蒌之类主治。太阴经渴，其脉细，不欲饮，纵饮思汤不思水的，四君子汤、理中汤之类主治。少阴经渴，其脉沉细，自利的，猪苓汤、三黄丸之类主治。厥阴经渴，其脉微，引饮的，宜少量与之。
【《圣济总录》】治疗时气烦渴。用生藕汁一盏，入生蜜一合，令匀，分为三服。
蜜酒方
好蜜（三斤） 水（一碗） 细曲（一升） 好干酵（二两）
以上先熬蜜水，去沫，冷后下曲、酵。每日搅三次，热服。
【张仲景】渴欲饮水不止的，文蛤散主治。
文蛤（五两，按《本草》云：文蛤，味咸寒，治消渴。陈无择以文蛤为五味子）
以上一味药捣为散，以沸汤和服方寸匕。
【《内经》】治疗一切渴。用大牡蛎不拘多少，于腊月或端午日，黄泥裹煅通红，放冷取出为末。用鲫鱼煎汤下一钱匕；小儿五分。只两服即愈。
【《本草》】治疗渴疾，饮水不止。神效散。
白浮石 蛤粉 蝉壳（等分）
以上为末。用鲫鱼胆七个，调三钱，不拘时服。
又消渴方。
白浮石 舶上青苔（等分） 麝香（少许）
以上为末。每次服用二钱，温汤下。
【《保命集》】上焦燥而渴，蜜煎生姜汤，用大器倾注，时时呷之。法曰：心肺之病，莫厌频而少饮。《内经》曰：补上治上宜以缓。又曰：辛以润之。开腠理致津液，通则肺气下流，故火气降而燥衰矣，其渴即止。有人消渴引饮无度，或令食韭苗，日用三五两，不得入盐，但吃得十斤即效。
【张元素】千里浆一名水葫芦。
木瓜 紫苏叶 桂（各一两） 乌梅肉（一两） 赤茯苓（一两） 一方有神曲、豆粉。
以上为末，炼蜜丸，如弹子大。噙化一丸，咽下。（齿属肾水故也。）
又方
百药煎 乌梅肉 紫苏叶 人参 甘草 麦门冬
上等分，为细末，炼蜜丸如弹子大。噙化。
芷梅汤
乌梅肉 甘草（各三分） 百药煎（一两） 白芷（半两） 白檀（三钱）
以上为细末，汤点服。
运气渴有二：
一曰热助心盛而渴。经云：少阳司天之政，三之气，炎暑至，民病渴。又云：少阴之复，渴而欲饮。又云：少阳之复，嗌络焦槁，渴引水浆，治以诸寒剂是也。
二曰寒攻心虚而渴。经云：太阳司天，寒气下临，心火上从，嗌干善渴。又云：太阳司天，寒淫所胜，民病嗌干，渴而欲饮。又云：寒水太过，上临太阳，民病渴而妄冒，治以诸热是也。
【张仲景】吐酸，欲得水而贪饮的，文蛤饮主治，兼治微风，脉紧，头痛。
文蛤（五两） 麻黄 甘草 生姜（各三两） 石膏（五两） 杏仁（五十粒） 大枣（十二枚）
以上切碎，以水七升，煮取二升，温服一升，汗出则愈。
【李杲】甘草石膏汤 治疗渴病全愈再剧，舌白滑微肿，咽喉咽唾觉痛，嗌肿，时渴饮冷，白沫如胶，饮冷乃止。
升麻（一钱五分） 柴胡（七分） 甘草根（五分） 黄柏（一钱） 石膏（六分） 杏仁（六个） 桃仁 防风根 荆芥穗 生地（各一钱） 熟地（三分） 黄连（三分） 知母（一钱） 细辛（一分） 红花（少许） 小椒（三个） 归身（一钱）
以上水煎，去渣，饭后热服。
针灸口渴咽干有四法：
其一取心。经云：心手少阴之脉，是动则病嗌干，心痛，渴而欲饮，随盛虚寒热陷下取之也。
其二取肺、大肠。经云：大肠手阳明之脉，所生病者，目黄口干，随盛虚寒热陷下以施补泻疾留之法也。
又云：肺虚则少气，耳聋嗌干，取其经太阴太阳之外，厥阴内血者是也。
其三取肾。经云：肾足少阴之脉，所生病者，口热舌干，咽肿嗌干，随盛虚寒热陷下取之。
又云：嗌干口中热如胶，取足少阴是也。
其四取肝。经云：肝足厥阴之脉，是动病甚则嗌干，面尘脱色，随盛虚寒热陷下取之。
【《密语》】（消渴，经百日以上者，不可刺灸，刺灸则疮口病水不止） 玉液（一分，泻见血讫，取下穴） 三里（泻讫如前，补玉液一分，再取下穴） 关元（泻讫再取廉泉。）
【《集成》】又法：金津 玉液 承浆（不已再取） 海泉 人中 廉泉 肾俞 气海
【东垣】小肠俞 阳池（各灸之。）廉泉（出恶血方已。）又法：胃 心 膻中（各灸之。）又法：承浆 然谷 劳宫 曲池 意舍 关元（各灸之。）
【世医】口热咽干，唾如粘胶，口苦，嗌仲介介然：太溪（五分。）阳陵泉（二寸半。）
【《甲乙经》】渴饮，身体燥，多噫，隐白主之。消渴嗜饮，承浆主之。消渴，脘骨主之。嗌干，腹痛，坐卧目KT KT ，善怒多言，伏溜主之。
[Zhu Danxi] The treatment of Xiao Ke (Wasting-Thirst Syndrome) focuses on nourishing Qi, descending Fire, and generating Blood. Gualou Gen (Trichosanthes Root), also known as Tianhuafen, is a divine medicine for treating Xiao Ke. When Heart heat transfers to the Lung, it transforms into Ge Xiao (Diaphragm Thirst, often corresponding to Upper Jiao Xiao Ke).
(Wang Bing's commentary in "Zhen Bing Chuan Bian" states: Between the heart and hypochondrium lies an oblique diaphragmatic membrane, whose lower edge connects internally to the transverse diaphragm. Thus, Heart heat enters the Lung, transforming over time into internal Diaphragm Heat, causing Xiao Ke with excessive thirst.)
[Li Dongyuan] Jiegu stated: For those who can eat but are thirsty, Baizhu San (Bupleurum Powder) with added Gegen (Kudzu Root), prepared as a large decoction and taken frequently, is indicated. For those who cannot eat but are thirsty, Baihu Jia Renshen Tang (White Tiger Decoction plus Ginseng) with double the amount of Renshen (Ginseng) is indicated.
[Baoming Ji] Renshen Shigao Tang (Ginseng and Gypsum Decoction) treats Ge Xiao. Symptoms include upper Jiao vexatious thirst and lack of desire to eat much.
Renshen (5 qian), Shigao (1 liang), Zhimu (7 qian), Gancao (4 qian).
Take 5 qian per dose, decoct in water, and take warm after meals.
[Qian Yi] Jiadi Digupi San (Modified Cortex Lycii Radicis Powder) treats Shang Xiao (Upper Xiao Ke).
Zhimu, Chaihu, Gancao (roasted), Banxia, Digupi, Chi Fuling, Baishao, Huangqi, Shigao, Huangqin, Jiegeng.
Grind into fine powder. Take 3 qian per dose with 5 slices of fresh ginger, decoct in water, and take warm well after meals or before meals.
[Li Dongyuan] Baizhu San (Atractylodes Macrocephala Powder) treats thirst caused by deficiency-heat.
Renshen, Baizhu, Baifuling, Gancao (each 1 liang), Gange (2 liang), Huoxiang (1 liang, cleaned), Muxiang (1 liang).
Grind into powder. Take 3 qian per dose, decoct and take warm. If drinking water excessively, administer more frequently. (Haicang noted: This is a modification of Sijunzi Tang, used to treat dampness overwhelming with Qi collapse and severe diarrhea.)
[Zhang Yuansu] Treats spleen and stomach weakness with unceasing great thirst, poor appetite, difficult urination, irregular bowel movements, shortness of spirit, and a sensation of abdominal constriction like being bound by a rope.
Baifuling (peeled), Juhong (each 1 liang), Shengjiang (0.5 liang).
Grind into powder, make pills with refined honey the size of quail eggs. Take 2 pills per dose, dissolve in white boiled water, and take on an empty stomach. Avoid cold, raw, hard foods; avoid anger and excessive mental exertion. If the pulse is wiry or abdominal urgency is severe, add 3 qian of Gancao.
[Yilao] Mendong Yinzi (Ophiopogon Decoction) treats great thirst in the elderly, weak, and deficient.
Renshen, Gouqizi, Baifuling, Gancao (each 3 fen), Wuweizi (0.5 liang), Maimendong (decored, 0.5 liang). Decoct with ginger water.
[Luo Tianyi] Mendong Yinzi (Ophiopogon Decoction) treats Ge Xiao. Symptoms include chest fullness, vexation, shortness of spirit, commonly seen in Xiao Ke disease.
Zhimu, Gancao (roasted), Gualouren, Wuweizi, Renshen, Gegen, Fushen, Shengdi, Maimendong (each 1 liang).
Grind into coarse powder. Take 5 qian per dose, add 14 leaves of Zhuye (Bamboo Leaf), decoct together.
[Li Dongyuan] Thirst with difficulty in urination indicates internal Dampness. Thirst with free urination indicates internal Dryness. Dampness should be drained; Dryness should be moistened.
[Zhang Zhongjing] Floating pulse, difficulty in urination, slight fever, and wasting-thirst indicate the need to promote urination and induce sweating; Wuling San (Five-Ingredient Powder with Poria) is indicated. (Formula see Shanghan Lun). Floating pulse, fever, desire to drink water, and difficulty in urination indicate Zhu Ling Tang (Polyporus Decoction) is indicated. (Formula see Shanghan Lun).
[Bencao] Huofu Dan (Fire Palace Pill) treats Xiao Ke. (Formula see Lin Zheng section).
In the Renxu year, a soldier suffered from thirst, drinking three dou daily, not eating for three months, with inner vexation. It was October. I diagnosed latent heat in the heart and administered this medicine several times, 50 pills per dose with warm water. Two days later he thanked me, saying: Thirst stopped after three doses that day, and after three more doses the next day, diet returned to normal. This formula originally treated Lin syndrome, but proved effective for thirst, confirming the principle of flexible application of medicines.
[Cangqi] Shiyan (Stone Swallow) primarily treats Xiao Ke; boil with water buffalo nose and drink.
For formulas treating thirst with free urination, see the Lower Xiao Ke Dryness-Heat section.
[Li Dongyuan] Shenxiao Shengjin Ganlu Yinzi (Divine Efficacy Generating Fluids Sweet Dew Decoction). (Formula see Lower Xiao Ke Dryness-Heat section).
[Zhu Danxi] Xiao Ke with diarrhea. First use fried Baishao (White Peony Root) and Baizhu (Atractylodes Macrocephala) ground into powder mixed and taken; subsequently treat according to symptoms.
[Li Dongyuan] Zhike Runzao Tang (Thirst-Relieving Moistening-Drying Decoction) treats Xiao Ke with dry stool, preference for warm drinks, retraction of the penis, white dry coating on the tongue, cracked lips and dry mouth, dry and hard-to-open eyes, and visual hallucinations of floating clouds in dark places.
Shengma (1.5 qian), Chaihu (0.7 qian), Gancaoshao (0.5 qian), Xingren (6 pieces), Taoren (ground, 1 qian), Mahren (ground, 1 qian), Guishen (1 qian), Honghua (a little), Fangfenggen (1 qian), Jingjiesui (1 qian), Shudi (2 qian), Xiaojiao (1 fen), Xixin (1 fen), Huangbai (1 qian), Zhimu, Shigao (each 1 qian).
Decoct in water, remove dregs, take hot after meals.
For miscellaneous syndromes: Thirst with sweating should be treated with acrid-moistening methods; thirst without sweating should be treated with bitter-firming methods. In Taiyang disease, thirst without sweating should not be treated with Baihu Tang. After sweating occurs, if the pulse is surging and large with thirst, Baihu Tang is appropriate. In Yangming disease, excessive sweating with thirst should not be treated with Wuling San. If there is difficulty in urination, less sweating, floating pulse, and thirst, Wuling San is appropriate.
[Zhu Danxi] After Xiao Ke subsides, if dry thirst persists, it indicates residual heat in the Lung meridian. Use small amounts of Renshen, Fuling, Gancao, and cold ginger juice. For deficiency, Renshen Tang may be used.
[Jiegu] Huashui Dan (Water-Transforming Pill) treats incessant thirst and drinking due to Hand and Foot Shaoyin meridians, or heart pain. (Ben Shi Fang treats excessive drinking of cold water).
Chuanwu (4 large umbos, processed and peeled), Gancao (roasted, 1 liang), Musi (raw, 3 liang), Gafen (thick calcined, 6 liang).
Grind into fine powder, soak in vinegar, steam with steamed bun dough, and make pills. Take 15 pills per dose with new well water. For heart pain, take with vinegar water for immediate relief. For those drinking one shi of water, one dose cures. Haicang noted: This medicine can transform stagnant water.
[Li Dongyuan] Thirst in the Taiyang meridian presents with a floating pulse and no sweating; Wuling San, Huashi, etc., are indicated. Thirst in the Yangming meridian presents with a long pulse and sweating; Baihu Tang, Liangge San, etc., are indicated. Thirst in the Shaoyang meridian presents with a wiry pulse and vomiting; Xiaochaihu Tang plus Gualou, etc., are indicated. Thirst in the Taiyin meridian presents with a thin pulse, lack of desire to drink, or craving soup rather than water when drinking; Sijunzi Tang, Lizhong Tang, etc., are indicated. Thirst in the Shaoyin meridian presents with a deep-thin pulse and spontaneous diarrhea; Zhu Ling Tang, Sanhuang Wan, etc., are indicated. Thirst in the Jueyin meridian presents with a faint pulse and desire to drink; give small amounts frequently.
[Shengji Zonglu] Treats epidemic vexatious thirst. Use 1 cup of fresh lotus root juice, add 1 he of raw honey, mix well, divide into three doses.
Honey Wine Formula
Good honey (3 jin), Water (1 bowl), Fine Qu (1 sheng), Good dry yeast (2 liang).
First boil honey and water, skim foam, cool down, then add Qu and yeast. Stir three times daily, take hot.
[Zhang Zhongjing] Unremitting desire to drink water is treated with Wenli San (Clam Shell Powder).
Wenli (5 liang. Note: Bencao states Wenli is salty-cold, treats Xiao Ke. Chen Wuzhai considered Wenli equivalent to Wuweizi).
Grind the single ingredient into powder, mix with boiling water and take one cun-bi (measure).
[Jingui Yaolue] Treat all types of thirst. Use large Musi (Oyster Shell) in any quantity. Wrap in yellow mud and calcine red-hot on the 15th day of the twelfth lunar month or Dragon Boat Festival. Cool, grind into powder. Take 1 qian-bi with crucian carp decoction; children take 0.5 qian-bi. Cured in two doses.
[Bencao] Treats thirst disease with unremitting drinking. Shenxiao San (Divine Efficacy Powder).
Baifushi (White Pumice), Gafen, Chanke (Cicada Slough) in equal parts.
Grind into powder. Mix 3 qian with 7 crucian carp gallbladders, take at any time.
Another Xiao Ke Formula.
Baifushi, Boshang Qingtai (Shipboard Green Moss) in equal parts, Shexiang (Musk) a little.
Grind into powder. Take 2 qian per dose with warm water.
Huanglian Wan is the same as Gualou Gen Wan.
[Baoming Ji] Upper Jiao dryness with thirst: Honey-fried ginger soup, poured into a large vessel, sip frequently. The method states: For diseases of the Heart and Lung, do not dislike frequent but small sips. Neijing says: Tonifying and treating the upper body requires slow action. Also: Acrid flavors moisten. Opening the interstices generates fluids; when unblocked, Lung Qi flows downward, thus Fire descends and Dryness declines, stopping thirst. Someone with uncontrolled drinking was instructed to eat leek shoots, 3-5 liang daily without salt; consuming 10 jin resulted in efficacy.
[Zhang Yuansu] Qianli Jiang, also known as Shuihulu.
Mugua, Zisuye, Gui (each 1 liang), Wumeirou (1 liang), Chi Fuling (1 liang). Another prescription adds Shenqu and Doufen.
Grind into powder, make pills with refined honey the size of quail eggs. Hold one pill in the mouth to dissolve and swallow. (Teeth belong to Kidney Water.)
Another Formula
Baiyaojian, Wumeirou, Zisuye, Renshen, Gancao, Maimendong.
Equal parts, grind into fine powder, make pills with refined honey the size of quail eggs. Hold in mouth to dissolve.
Zhi Mei Tang
Wumeirou, Gancao (each 3 fen), Baiyaojian (1 liang), Baizhi (0.5 liang), Baitan (3 qian).
Grind into powder, take with water.
There are two types of thirst related to Six Qi transformations:
First, Heat assisting Heart excess causes thirst. Classics state: When Shaoyang governs the Heavenly Qi, during the third period, intense heat arrives, people suffer from thirst. Also: Rebound of Shaoyin causes thirst and desire to drink. Also: Rebound of Shaoyang causes scorched throat vessels, thirst leading to drinking liquids, treated with cold agents.
Second, Cold attacking Heart deficiency causes thirst. Classics state: When Taiyang governs, Cold Qi descends, Heart Fire follows upward, causing dry throat and frequent thirst. Also: Taiyang governs, excessive Cold wins, people suffer dry throat, thirst and desire to drink. Also: Excessive Cold Water descends upon Taiyang, people suffer thirst and delirium, treated with hot agents.
[Zhu Danxi] To treat Xiao Ke, drink silk-reeling soup, which can draw Kidney Qi upward to the mouth.
[Zhang Zhongjing] Vomiting acid, desiring water and greedy for drinking is treated with Wenli Yin (Clam Shell Drink), also treating mild wind, tight pulse, and headache.
Wenli (5 liang), Mahuang, Gancao, Shengjiang (each 3 liang), Shigao (5 liang), Xingren (50 grains), Dazao (12 pieces).
Chop, decoct in 7 sheng of water to obtain 2 sheng, take 1 sheng warm, sweating resolves.
[Li Dongyuan] Gancao Shigao Tang treats recurrent severe thirst after initial recovery, with white slippery slightly swollen tongue, painful swallowing of saliva, swollen throat, occasional desire for cold drinks, white froth like glue, stopping only after drinking cold.
Shengma (1.5 qian), Chaihu (0.7 qian), Gancaogen (0.5 qian), Huangbai (1 qian), Shigao (0.6 qian), Xingren (6 pieces), Taoren, Fangfenggen, Jingjiesui, Shengdi (each 1 qian), Shudi (0.3 qian), Huanglian (0.3 qian), Zhimu (1 qian), Xixin (0.1 fen), Honghua (a little), Xiaojiao (3 pieces), Guishen (1 qian).
Decoct in water, remove dregs, take hot after meals.
There are four acupuncture methods for thirst and dry throat:
First, select points on the Heart. Classics state: The Pericardium-Shaoyin channel of the Hand, when disturbed, causes dry throat, heart pain, thirst and desire to drink; select points based on excess/deficiency, cold/heat, sinking/falling.
Second, select points on the Lung and Large Intestine. Classics state: The Large Intestine-Yangming channel of the Hand, when diseased, causes yellow eyes and dry mouth; apply tonification/reduction and retention methods based on excess/deficiency, cold/heat, sinking/falling.
Also: Lung deficiency causes shortness of breath, deafness, dry throat; select blood from the interior of the Jueyin channel outside the Taiyin-Taiyang channels.
Third, select points on the Kidney. Classics state: The Kidney-Shaoyin channel of the Foot, when diseased, causes hot mouth, dry tongue, swollen throat and dry pharynx; select points based on excess/deficiency, cold/heat, sinking/falling.
Also: Dry throat and hot mouth like glue, select Foot-Shaoyin.
Fourth, select points on the Liver. Classics state: The Liver-Jueyin channel of the Foot, when disturbed severely, causes dry throat, dusty face, loss of color; select points based on excess/deficiency, cold/heat, sinking/falling.
[Miyu] (For Xiao Ke lasting over 100 days, moxibustion and acupuncture are contraindicated, as they cause non-healing ulcers with fluid discharge.) Yuye (1 fen, reduce until bleeding, then select lower point); Sanli (reduce as above, tonify Yuye 1 fen, then select lower point); Guanyuan (reduce, then select Lianquan).
[Jicheng] Another method: Jinjin, Yuye, Chengjiang (repeat if necessary); Haiquan, Renzhong, Lianquan, Shenshu, Qihai.
[Dongyuan] Xiaochangshu, Yangchi (moxibustion each). Lianquan (until bad blood stops). Another method: Wei, Xin, Danzhong (moxibustion each). Another method: Chengjiang, RanGu, Laogong, Quchi, Yishe, Guanyuan (moxibustion each).
[Shiyi] Hot mouth, dry throat, sticky saliva, bitter taste, rough throat sensation: Taixi (0.5 cun), Yanglingquan (2.5 cun).
[Jiayingjing] Thirst with drinking, dry body, frequent belching: Yinbai treats. Xiao Ke with craving for drinking: Chengjiang treats. Xiao Ke: Wanggu treats. Dry throat, abdominal pain, restless sitting/lying, irritability, excessive talking: Fuliu treats.