〔成〕潮热者，若潮水之潮，其来不失时也。一日一发，指时而发者，谓之潮热。若日三五发者，
是即发热，非潮热也。潮热属阳明，必于日晡时发者，乃为潮热。
阳明病，潮热，大便微硬，可与大承气汤。不硬者，不与之。若不大便六七日，恐有燥粪，欲知之，
可少与小承气汤，入腹中转矢气者，此有燥粪，乃可攻之。若不转矢气者，此但初头硬，后必溏，不可
攻之，攻之
必胀满不能食也。欲饮水者，与之则哕。其后发热者，必大便复硬而少也，以小承气汤和之，不转
矢气者，慎不可攻也。
阳明病，脉迟，虽汗出不恶寒者，其身必重，短气腹满而喘，有潮热者，此外欲解，可攻里也。手足
然汗出者，此大便已硬也，大承气汤主之。若汗多微发热恶寒者，外未解也，其热不潮，未可与
承气汤。若腹大满不通者，可与小承气汤，微和胃气，勿令大泄下。
阳明病，胃实谵语而潮热者，承气汤主之。
大承气汤（海藏云∶浓朴去痞，枳实泄满，芒硝软坚，大黄泄实，必痞满燥实四症全者方可用之。）
大黄（酒浸，一两。治不大便地道不通，酒浸上行引大黄至巅而下） 浓朴（二钱，姜制，
治腹胀满） 枳实（一枚。治心下痞，按之良久气散痛缓，此并主心下满，乃肝之气盛也） 芒硝（一两。
治腹中转矢气，内有燥屎。本草云∶味辛寒润燥）
上 咀，水二大盏，煎枳朴至一大盏，下大黄复煎至六分，去渣，入硝，又煎一二沸，温服。如未利，再
作与服，以通为度。
小承气汤（海藏云∶大黄泄实，浓朴去痞，必痞实全者可用。）
大黄（酒浸，一两） 浓朴（姜制，二钱） 枳实（炒，一枚）
上 咀，同上法煎，温服，以利为度，不利再服。
不大便，舌燥，心下满痛，而日晡小有潮热者，宜大陷胸汤。（论见结胸。）
阳明病，发潮热，大便溏，小便自利，胸胁满不去者，小柴胡汤主之。（阳明为病，胃实是也。今便溏而言阳
明病者，谓阳明外症身热汗出，不恶寒反恶热之病也。）
阳明中风，脉弦浮大，短气，腹满，胁下及心痛，鼻干，不得汗，嗜卧，身黄，小便难，时时哕而潮热者，
小柴胡加茯苓主之。
伤寒十三日不解，胸胁满而呕，日晡时发潮热，已而微利，此必柴胡症，下之而不得利，今反利者，知医以丸
药下之，非其治也。潮热者实也，先宜小柴胡汤以解外，后以柴胡加芒硝汤主之。
柴胡（一两） 黄芩 人参 甘草（炙） 生姜（以上各五钱） 半夏（汤浸，三个） 大枣（三枚）
芒硝（一两）
每服五钱，水一盏半，煎至八分，去渣，纳芒硝，更微沸温服。
阳明病，脉浮紧者，必潮热发作有时。（论见胃实有表条。）
[成无己] 潮热，就像潮水涨落一样，按时到来。每天发作一次，且定时发作的，称为潮热。如果一天发作三到五次，那是发热，不是潮热。潮热归属于阳明经，必须在下午3点到7点（日晡时）发作，才算是真正的潮热。
阳明病，出现潮热，大便轻微干硬，可以给予大承气汤（Major Chengqi Decoction）。如果大便不硬，则不能给予。如果六七天没有大便，担心体内有燥结的粪便，想要确认这一点，可以少量给予小承气汤（Minor Chengqi Decoction）。服药后如果腹部转动排气（转矢气），这说明体内有燥结的粪便，才可以采用攻下法治疗。如果不排气，这仅仅是开头大便硬，后面一定是稀溏的，不可攻下，如果攻下必然导致腹胀满、无法进食。想喝水的人，给水喝会导致呃逆（哕）。此后如果出现发热，大便一定会再次变硬但量少，用小承气汤调和胃气即可；如果不排气，千万不可攻下。
阳明病，脉象迟缓，虽然出汗但不怕冷，身体必定沉重，气短，腹部胀满且喘息，如果有潮热，说明表证将要解除，可以采用攻里法。如果手足持续不断地出汗，这说明大便已经坚硬，以大承气汤为主治方。如果汗多，伴有轻微发热和怕冷，说明表证未解，其热不属于潮热，不可给予承气汤类方剂。如果腹部严重胀满不通，可以给予小承气汤，轻微调和胃气，不要让它造成剧烈的泻下。
阳明病，胃腑实热导致胡言乱语并伴有潮热的，以承气汤为主治方。
大承气汤：[张元素/李东垣学派观点] 厚朴去除痞满，枳实消除胀满，芒硝软化坚结，大黄泻下实邪，必须痞、满、燥、实四种症状俱全者方可使用。
大黄（用酒浸泡，一两。治疗大便不通，酒浸可引大黄上行至头部再下行）
厚朴（二钱，姜制，治疗腹部胀满）
枳实（一枚。治疗心下部痞塞，按压良久气散痛缓，这也主治心下部胀满，这是肝气过盛所致）
芒硝（一两。治疗腹部转动排气，内有燥屎。《本草》说：味辛寒，能润燥）
以上药材切碎，用水两大盏，先煎枳实和厚朴至一大盏，加入大黄再煎至六分，去药渣，加入芒硝，再煮沸一两次，温服。如果未通利，再次制作服用，以通畅为度。
小承气汤：[张元素/李东垣学派观点] 大黄泻下实邪，厚朴去除痞满，必须痞满和实邪俱全者可用。
大黄（用酒浸泡，一两）
厚朴（姜制，二钱）
枳实（炒，一枚）
以上药材切碎，同上法煎煮，温服，以通利为度，不通利则再次服用。
不大便，舌苔干燥，心下部胀满疼痛，且在下午3-7点有轻微潮热的，适宜用大陷胸汤。（相关论述见“结胸”篇。）
阳明病，发潮热，大便稀溏，小便自利，胸胁部胀满感持续不去的，以小柴胡汤（Minor Bupleuri Decoction）为主治方。（阳明病，指的是胃腑实证。现在大便稀溏却称阳明病，是指阳明外证表现为身热、出汗、不怕冷反而怕热的病症。）
阳明中风，脉象弦、浮、大，气短，腹部胀满，胁下及心部疼痛，鼻干，无汗，嗜睡，身体发黄，小便困难，经常呃逆并伴有潮热的，用小柴胡汤加茯苓（Minor Bupleuri Decoction plus Poria）主治。
伤寒十三天未愈，胸胁胀满且呕吐，下午3-7点发潮热，随后轻微腹泻，这必然是柴胡证，误用下法后不应腹泻，现在反而腹泻，可知是医生用了丸药攻下，这不是正确的治疗方法。潮热属于实证，先宜用小柴胡汤以解表，后用柴胡加芒硝汤（Bupleuri Decoction plus Natrii Sulfas）主治。
柴胡（一两）
黄芩
人参
甘草（炙）
生姜（以上各五钱）
半夏（汤浸，三个）
大枣（三枚）
芒硝（一两）
每次服用五钱，水一盏半，煎至八分，去药渣，纳入芒硝，再微沸后温服。
[Cheng Wuji] Chao Re (Tidal Fever) is like the tide; it arrives at its proper time. If it occurs once a day and happens at a specific time, it is called Chao Re. If it occurs three to five times a day, it is merely Fa Re (Fever), not Chao Re. Chao Re belongs to Yangming, and only if it occurs during the Ri Bu Shi (Shen hour, 3 PM–5 PM) can it be considered true Chao Re.
In Yangming disease, with Chao Re and slightly hard stool, Da Cheng Qi Tang (Major Order the Qi Decoction) may be administered. If the stool is not hard, do not administer it. If there has been no bowel movement for six or seven days, suspecting dry feces, one may give a small amount of Xiao Cheng Qi Tang (Minor Order the Qi Decoction) to test. If flatulence occurs after ingestion, this indicates dry feces, and purgation may proceed. If there is no flatulence, the stool is likely hard only at the beginning and loose later; purgation must not be used, as it will inevitably cause abdominal fullness and inability to eat. For those desiring water, giving it may induce Hui (hiccups). If fever follows later, the stool will likely become hard again but in small quantity; treat with Xiao Cheng Qi Tang to harmonize the stomach qi. If there is no flatulence, absolutely avoid purgation.
In Yangming disease, with a slow pulse, sweating without aversion to cold, the body must feel heavy, accompanied by shortness of breath, abdominal fullness, and wheezing. If Chao Re is present, the exterior syndrome is resolving, and interior purgation may be performed. If sweat continuously exudes from the hands and feet, this indicates the stool has hardened; Da Cheng Qi Tang is the primary formula. If there is profuse sweating with slight fever and aversion to cold, the exterior is not yet resolved, the fever is not tidal, and Cheng Qi Tang formulas should not be given. If there is severe abdominal fullness and obstruction, Xiao Cheng Qi Tang may be given to mildly harmonize stomach qi, avoiding drastic purgation.
In Yangming disease, with gastric excess leading to delirium and Chao Re, Cheng Qi Tang is the primary formula.
Da Cheng Qi Tang: [Zhang Yuansu/Li Dongyuan school view] Hou Po (Magnolia Bark) removes pi (stagnant fullness), Zhi Shi (Immature Bitter Orange) relieves man (distension), Mang Xiao (Mirabilite) softens jian (hardness), and Da Huang (Rhubarb) xie shi (purges excess). It should only be used when all four symptoms—pi, man, zao (dryness), and shi (excess)—are present.
Da Huang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, soaked in wine, 1 liang. Treats obstruction of the bowel; wine soaking guides Da Huang upward to the head and then downward.)
Hou Po (Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis, 2 qian, processed with ginger, treats abdominal distension.)
Zhi Shi (Fructus Aurantii Immaturus, one piece. Treats epigastric pi; pressing for a long time disperses qi and relieves pain. This also treats epigastric fullness, caused by excessive liver qi.)
Mang Xiao (Natrii Sulfas, 1 liang. Treats abdominal flatulence and internal dry feces. Ben Cao states: pungent, cold, moistens dryness.)
Crush the above ingredients. Add two large bowls of water, decoct Zhi Shi and Hou Po until one bowl remains. Add Da Huang and decoct until 0.6 parts remain. Strain, add Mang Xiao, boil briefly, and take warm. If not relieved, prepare another dose. Stop when unobstructed.
Xiao Cheng Qi Tang: [Zhang Yuansu/Li Dongyuan school view] Da Huang purges excess, Hou Po removes pi. It is usable when both pi and shi are present.
Da Huang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, soaked in wine, 1 liang)
Hou Po (Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis, processed with ginger, 2 qian)
Zhi Shi (Fructus Aurantii Immaturus, stir-fried, one piece)
Crush the above ingredients. Decoct using the same method as above. Take warm. Stop when unobstructed; if not, take again.
For constipation, dry tongue, epigastric fullness and pain, with slight Chao Re in the afternoon, Da Xian Xiong Tang (Major Collapse the Chest Decoction) is appropriate. (See discussion on Jie Xiong/Chest Binding.)
In Yangming disease, with Chao Re, loose stool, free urination, and persistent fullness in the chest and hypochondrium, Xiao Chai Hu Tang (Minor Bupleuri Decoction) is the primary formula. (Yangming disease refers to gastric excess. Here, loose stool is mentioned alongside Yangming disease because it refers to the exterior symptoms of Yangming: fever, sweating, aversion to heat rather than cold.)
In Yangming wind-strike, with wiry, floating, and large pulses, shortness of breath, abdominal fullness, pain in the hypochondrium and heart region, dry nose, inability to sweat, lethargy, jaundice, difficult urination, frequent hiccups, and Chao Re, Xiao Chai Hu Tang plus Fu Ling (Minor Bupleuri Decoction plus Poria) is the primary formula.
After thirteen days of Shang Han (Cold Damage) unresolved, with chest/hypochondriac fullness and vomiting, Chao Re at the Shen hour, followed by mild diarrhea, this is undoubtedly a Chai Hu (Bupleurum) pattern. Purging was attempted but failed to stop the diarrhea; now the diarrhea occurred spontaneously. This indicates the physician incorrectly used pill-based purgatives. Chao Re indicates excess. First, use Xiao Chai Hu Tang to resolve the exterior, then use Chai Hu Jia Mang Xiao Tang (Bupleuri Decoction plus Mirabilite).
Chai Hu (Radix Bupleuri, 1 liang)
Huang Qin (Radix Scutellariae)
Ren Shen (Radix Ginseng)
Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae, honey-fried)
Sheng Jiang (Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens) (above each 5 qian)
Ban Xia (Rhizoma Pinelliae, boiled water-soaked, three pieces)
Da Zao (Fructus Jujubae, three pieces)
Mang Xiao (Natrii Sulfas, 1 liang)
Take 5 qian per dose. Add one and a half bowls of water, decoct to 0.8 parts. Strain, add Mang Xiao, bring to a slight boil, and take warm.
In Yangming disease, with a floating and tight pulse, Chao Re will definitely occur at regular intervals. (See discussion on "Gastric Excess with Exterior Syndrome".)