常山∶性凉，味微苦。善消脾中之痰，为治疟疾要药（疟疾皆系脾中
多痰，凡久疟胁下有硬块名疟母者，皆系脾胀兼有痰也）。少服，则痰可徐消，若多服即可将脾中之痰吐出，
为其多服即作呕吐，故诸家本草皆谓其有毒，医者用之治疟，亦因此不敢多用，遂至有效有不效。若欲用之必
效，当效古人一剂三服之法，用常山五六钱，煎汤一大盅，分五六次徐徐温饮下，即可不作呕吐，疟疾亦有八九可愈。
【附案】一九一七年，时当仲夏，愚因劳碌过度，兼受暑，遂至病疟。乃于不发疟之日清晨，用常山八
钱，煎汤一大碗，徐徐温饮之，一次止饮一大口，饮至日夕而剂尽，心中分毫未觉难受，而疟亦遂愈。后遂变
汤剂为丸剂，将常山轧细过罗，水泛为丸，桐子大，每服八分，一日之间自晨至暮服五次，共服药四钱，疟亦
可愈。若病发时热甚剧者，可用生石膏一两煎汤，初两次服药时，可用此汤送服。西人谓病疟者有疟虫，西药金
鸡纳霜，善除疟虫故善治疟，常山想亦善除疟虫之药品欤？
山楂∶味至酸微甘，性平。皮赤肉红黄，故善入血分为化瘀血之要药。能除 癖 瘕、女子月闭、产后
瘀血作疼（俗名儿枕疼）。为其味酸而微甘，能补助胃中酸汁，故能消化饮食积聚，以治肉积尤效。其化瘀之
力，更能蠲除肠中瘀滞，下痢脓血，且兼入气分以开气郁痰结，疗心腹疼痛。若以甘药佐之（甘草蔗糖之类，酸
甘相合，有甲己化土之义），化瘀血而不伤新血，开郁气而不伤正气，其性尤和平也。
女子至期，月信不来，用山楂两许煎汤，冲化红蔗糖七八钱服之即通，此方屡试屡效。若月信数月不通者，
多服几次亦通下。
痢疾初得者，用山楂一两，红白蔗糖各五钱，好毛尖茶叶钱半，将山楂煎汤，冲糖与茶叶在盖碗中，浸片
时，饮之即愈。
附∶《本草纲目》山楂后载有两方∶一方治肠风下血，若用
凉药、热药、补脾药俱不效者，独用干山楂为末，艾叶煎汤调下，应手即愈；一方治痘疹干黑危困者，用山楂
为末，紫草煎酒调服一钱。按∶此二方皆有效验，故附载之。
常山：药性凉，味道微苦。善于消除脾脏中的痰湿，是治疗疟疾的重要药物（疟疾都是由脾中多痰引起的，凡是久患疟疾且胁下有硬块，称为“疟母”的，都是脾脏肿大兼有痰湿所致）。少量服用，痰湿可以慢慢消除；如果大量服用，就能将脾中的痰湿吐出。因为大量服用会引起呕吐，所以各家本草书籍都说它有毒，医生用它治疗疟疾时，也因此不敢多用，导致疗效有时有效有时无效。如果想要使用它必定见效，应当效法古人“一剂药分三次服用”的方法，用常山五六钱，煎成一盅大汤，分五六次慢慢温热饮下，就可以不引起呕吐，疟疾也有八九成可以治愈。
【附案】一九一七年，正值仲夏时节，我因为劳累过度，又感受暑气，于是得了疟疾。就在不发疟疾的那天清晨，我用常山八钱，煎成一碗大汤，慢慢温热饮用，每次只喝一大口，一直喝到傍晚把药喝完，心里丝毫没觉得难受，而疟疾也就痊愈了。后来我把汤剂改为丸剂，将常山碾碎过筛，用水泛制成丸，大小如梧桐子，每次服用八分，一天之中从早晨到晚上服用五次，总共服药四钱，疟疾也可以治愈。如果发病时热势非常剧烈的，可以用生石膏一两煎汤，在最初两次服药时，用这石膏汤送服。西方人认为患疟疾的人体内有疟虫，西药金鸡纳霜善于去除疟虫，所以善于治疗疟疾，常山想必也是善于去除疟虫的药物吧？
山楂：味道极酸略带甘味，药性平和。外皮红色，果肉红黄色，所以善于进入血分，是化瘀血的重要药物。能够消除癖积、瘕块，治疗女子月经闭止、产后瘀血引起的疼痛（俗称儿枕疼）。因为它味道酸而微甘，能补助胃中的酸汁，所以能消化饮食积聚，治疗肉食积滞尤其有效。它的化瘀力量，更能清除肠道中的瘀滞，治疗痢疾脓血，并且兼入气分以疏通气郁和痰结，治疗心腹疼痛。如果用甘味药来佐助（如甘草、蔗糖之类，酸味与甘味相合，有甲己化土的含义），化瘀血而不损伤新血，疏通郁气而不损伤正气，其性质就更加平和了。
女子到了经期，月经不来潮，用山楂一两煎汤，冲化红糖或白糖七八钱服用，月经即可通畅，这个方子屡试屡效。如果月经几个月不通畅的，多服几次也能通下。
痢疾初得的，用山楂一两，红糖和白糖各五钱，优质毛尖茶叶半钱，将山楂煎汤，把糖和茶叶放入盖碗中浸泡片刻，饮用后即可痊愈。
附注：《本草纲目》在山楂条目后记载了两个方子：一个方子治疗肠风下血，如果使用凉药、热药、补脾药都无效的，单独用干山楂研末，用艾叶煎汤调服，应手即愈；另一个方子治疗痘疹干枯发黑、病情危重的，用山楂研末，用紫草煎酒调服一钱。按语：这两个方子都有疗效，所以附录在这里。
Changshan (Dichroae Radix): Its nature is cool, and its taste is slightly bitter. It is adept at eliminating phlegm-dampness in the Spleen and is a key herb for treating malaria (Malaria is all caused by excessive phlegm in the Spleen; cases of chronic malaria with hard masses under the hypochondrium, known as *Nuomu* [Malarial Mass], are due to Spleen enlargement accompanied by phlegm). Taken in small doses, the phlegm can be gradually eliminated; if taken in large doses, it can induce vomiting to expel the phlegm from the Spleen. Because large doses cause vomiting, various materia medica texts claim it is toxic. Consequently, physicians dare not use large doses when treating malaria, leading to inconsistent efficacy. To ensure effectiveness, one should follow the ancient method of dividing one prescription into three doses: use 5–6 qian of Changshan, decoct it into a large cup of soup, and drink it slowly in warm portions over 5–6 times. This prevents vomiting, and malaria can be cured in 80–90% of cases.
[Attached Case] In 1917, during midsummer, I suffered from malaria due to overexertion and exposure to summer-heat. On a day when no fever occurred, I took 8 qian of Changshan, decocted it into a large bowl of soup, and drank it slowly while warm. Each sip was limited to one large mouthful, finishing the dose by evening. I felt no discomfort whatsoever, and the malaria resolved. Subsequently, I changed the decoction into pills: grinding Changshan finely, sifting it, and forming pills with water to the size of Sophora seeds (*Sophorae Semen*). The dosage was 8 fen per intake, taken five times daily from morning to evening, totaling 4 qian of medicine, which also cured the malaria. If the fever during an attack was severe, one could decoct 1 liang of Sheng Shigao (Raw Gypsum Fibrosum) and use this soup to administer the first two doses. Westerners believe that malaria patients harbor malarial parasites; since the Western medicine Cinchonae Cortex (Cinchona Bark) effectively eliminates these parasites, it treats malaria well. Changshan is likely also an herb effective against these parasites?
Shanzha (Crataegi Fructus): Its taste is extremely sour with a slight sweetness, and its nature is neutral. With red skin and reddish-yellow flesh, it enters the Blood aspect and is a key herb for resolving blood stasis. It can eliminate accumulations (*Pi Jia*) and masses (*Jia Kuai*), treat amenorrhea in women, and alleviate postpartum pain caused by blood stasis (colloquially known as *Erzhen Tong* [Child Pillow Pain]). Due to its sour and slightly sweet taste, it aids gastric acid secretion, thereby digesting food stagnation, particularly effective for meat accumulation. Its power to resolve stasis can further clear intestinal stasis, treating dysentery with pus and blood. Additionally, it enters the Qi aspect to open Qi stagnation and resolve phlegm nodules, treating heart and abdominal pain. When assisted by sweet herbs (such as Gancao [Licorice Root] or sucrose, where sour and sweet combine to embody the principle of *Jia Ji Hua Tu* [Earth transformation]), it resolves blood stasis without damaging new blood and opens stagnant Qi without harming healthy Qi, making its nature even more mild.
For women whose menstruation fails to arrive on schedule, decoct 1 liang of Shanzha in soup, dissolve 7–8 qian of red or white sugar, and take it orally; menstruation will flow immediately. This formula has proven repeatedly effective. For amenorrhea lasting several months, repeated administration will also induce flow.
For early-stage dysentery, use 1 liang of Shanzha, 5 qian each of red and white sugar, and 0.5 qian of high-quality Maojian tea. Decoct the Shanzha, then add the sugars and tea to a lidded bowl, steep for a moment, and drink; recovery follows quickly.
Appendix: *Bencao Gangmu* records two formulas after the entry for Shanzha: One treats intestinal wind bleeding; if cooling, heating, or splea-tonifying medicines fail, using dried Shanzha alone as powder, mixed with mugwort decoction, yields immediate results. Another treats critical cases of dry, blackened pox/rash; using Shanzha powder mixed with Zicao (Arnebiae Radix et Rhizoma) wine decoction, taken in 1 qian doses. Note: Both formulas have demonstrated efficacy, so they are appended here.