伤寒一证, 仲景论中立三百九十七法, 一百一十三方, 神明变化, 可
谓既详且尽矣. 其治杂证也, 则有『金匮要略』分门别类, 包举赅括
,无非示人以规矩准绳, 欲其触类傍通, 以应变于无穷也. 但其辞旨
古奥, 义薀幽深, 条目繁多, 未易领会, 人多苦之. 兹特撮其要旨,
编为歌诀, 俾学者便于熟读默记, 融会贯通, 然后再玩味全书, 则易
读易解, 有会心之乐, 而无望洋之叹矣. 由此登堂入室, 将见二千年
来大法微言, 昭如日月, 不致尘封 , 庶几于斯道不无小补云尔.
1.六经为病尽伤寒, 气同病异岂期然, 推其形藏原非一, 因从类化
故多端. 明诸水火相胜义, 化寒变热理何难, 漫言变化千般状, 不外
阴阳表里间.
【注】六经, 谓太阳, 阳明, 少阳, 太阴, 少阴, 厥阴也. 为病尽伤
寒,谓六经为病, 尽伤寒之变化也. 气同, 为天之六气, 感人为病同
也.病异, 谓人受六气生病异也. 岂期然, 谓不能预先期其必然之寒
热也. 推其形藏原非一, 谓推原其人形之厚薄, 藏之虚实非一也. 因
从类化故多端, 谓人感受邪气虽一, 因其形藏不同, 或从寒化, 或从
热化, 或从虚化, 或从实化, 故多端不齐也. 明诸水火相胜义, 谓水
胜则火灭, 火胜则水干也. 化寒变热理何难, 谓邪至其经, 或从阴化
为寒, 或从阳变为热, 即水火相胜从化之理, 何难明也. 漫言变化千
般状二句, 谓伤寒变化千般, 总不外乎阴阳表里间也.
伤寒这一病证,张仲景在论述中确立了三百九十七种治法,一百一十三首方剂,其变化神妙,可以说已经详尽无遗了。他治疗杂病时,则有《金匮要略》一书分门别类,全面概括,无非是向人们展示规矩准绳,希望学者能触类旁通,以应对无穷的变化。但是,那些文字古奥深涩,义理蕴藉幽深,条目繁多,不容易领会,许多人对此感到苦恼。现在特别摘录其核心主旨,编成歌诀,使学习者便于熟读默记,融会贯通,然后再研读全书,就会容易读懂理解,有会心之乐,而没有望洋兴叹的感叹了。由此登堂入室,将会看到两千年来的大法和微言,像日月一样光明,不至于被尘封,或许对这门学问不无小补吧。
1. 六经受病全都是伤寒,气机相同但病症不同岂是必然?推究其形体脏腑原本就不一致,因为随体质类别转化所以表现多端。明白水火相互克制的道理,化寒变热的机理有什么难懂的?不要说变化有千般形态,总不外乎阴阳表里之间。
【注】六经,指的是太阳、阳明、少阳、太阴、少阴、厥阴。为病尽伤寒,意思是六经受病,都是伤寒病的各种变化。气同,是指天之六气(风、寒、暑、湿、燥、火),人感受后致病的基础相同。病异,是指人受六气生病的表现各异。岂期然,意思是不能预先预期其必然表现为寒或热。推其形藏原非一,意思是推究人的形体厚薄、脏腑虚实原本就不一致。因从类化故多端,意思是人感受邪气虽然相同,但因为形体脏腑不同,有的从寒化,有的从热化,有的从虚化,有的从实化,所以表现多种多样不齐一。明诸水火相胜义,意思是水胜则火灭,火胜则水干。化寒变热理何难,意思是邪气传入经络,有的从阴化为寒,有的从阳变为热,即水火相胜随体质转化的道理,有什么难懂的呢?漫言变化千般状二句,意思是伤寒变化千般,总不外乎阴阳表里之间。
Regarding the syndrome of Cold Damage (Shanghan), Zhang Zhongjing established 397 treatment methods and 113 prescriptions in his treatise, with divine and varied applications, which can be said to be both detailed and exhaustive. In treating miscellaneous diseases, he utilized *Jin Gui Yao Lue* (Essential Prescriptions of the Golden Cabinet) to categorize them by type, comprehensively covering all aspects, merely showing people the rules and standards, hoping they could draw inferences from one instance and adapt to infinite changes. However, the language is ancient and obscure, the meanings are profound and deep, and the items are numerous, making it difficult to comprehend; many people find this distressing. Here, we specifically extract the core principles and compile them into rhythmic verses, so that students may easily memorize them through repeated reading, integrate and master them, and then study the complete book. This will make it easy to read and understand, bringing the joy of insight without the sigh of being overwhelmed. By ascending from the hall to the inner room, one will see the great laws and subtle words of the past two millennia shining as bright as the sun and moon, not destined to be covered in dust, perhaps offering some minor contribution to this path.
1. Diseases of the Six Channels (Liu Jing) are all manifestations of Cold Damage; although the Qi is the same, the diseases differ—how could this be expected? Pushing back to the original forms of the viscera and bowels, they are not uniform; because transformation follows categories, there are many variations. Understand the principle of water and fire overcoming each other; how difficult is it to grasp the logic of transforming into cold or heat? Do not say that changes take a thousand forms; they do not go beyond Yin-Yang and Interior-Exterior.
[Note] The Six Channels refer to Taiyang (Greater Yang), Yangming (Bright Yang), Shaoyang (Lesser Yang), Taiyin (Greater Yin), Shaoyin (Lesser Yin), and Jueyin (Terminal Yin). "Diseases of the Six Channels are all Cold Damage" means that diseases occurring in the Six Channels are all variations of Cold Damage. "Qi is the same" refers to the Heaven's Six Qi (Wind, Cold, Summer Heat, Dampness, Dryness, Fire); when humans are infected, the initial pathogenic factor is the same. "Diseases differ" means that the resulting illnesses vary among individuals. "How could this be expected" implies that one cannot predetermine whether the outcome will be cold or heat. "Pushing back to the original forms of the viscera and bowels, they are not uniform" means analyzing that an individual's physical constitution (thickness/thinness) and visceral status (deficiency/excess) are inherently different. "Because transformation follows categories, there are many variations" means that although the pathogenic factor received is the same, due to differences in constitution, it may transform into cold, heat, deficiency, or excess, hence presenting diverse manifestations. "Understand the principle of water and fire overcoming each other" means that when Water prevails, Fire is extinguished; when Fire prevails, Water dries up. "How difficult is it to grasp the logic of transforming into cold or heat" means that once the pathogen enters the channels, it may transform into cold via Yin or into heat via Yang; thus, the logic of transformation driven by the struggle between Water and Fire is not hard to understand. The last two lines mean that although Cold Damage presents a thousand variations, they ultimately fall within the realm of Yin-Yang and Interior-Exterior.