桂枝三两 生姜三两 甘草二两 大枣十二枚 麻黄 细辛各一两 附子（炮）一枚
右七味，以水七升，煮麻黄，去上沫，内诸药，煮取二升，分温三服，当汗出，如虫
行皮中即愈。
@@@
师曰：病有风水，有皮水，有正水，有石水，有黄汗。风水其脉自浮，外证骨节疼痛
，恶风；皮水其脉亦浮，外证跗肿，按之没指，不恶风，其复如□，不渴，当发其汗
；正水其脉沉迟，外证自喘；石水其脉自沉，外证腹满不喘，黄汗其脉沉迟，身发热
，胸满，四肢头面肿，久不愈，必致痈脓。
【注】
风水得之内有水气，外感风邪，风则从上肿，故面浮肿，骨节疼痛恶风，风在经表也
。皮水得之内有水气，皮受湿邪，湿则从下肿，故跗浮肿，其腹如□，按之没指，水
在皮里也，非风邪，故不恶风，因水湿故不渴也。其邪俱在外，故均脉浮，皆当从汗
从散而解也。正水水之在上病也，石水水之在下病也；故在上则胸满自喘，在下则腹
满不喘也。其邪俱在内，故均脉沉迟，皆当从下从温解也。黄汗者，汗出蘖汁色也，
其脉沉迟，藏内有寒饮；身发热者，经外有伏热。寒饮故胸满，四肢头面浮肿；伏热
若久不愈，故必致痈脓也。由此推之，可知黄汗是内饮外热，蒸郁于中，从土化而成
也。以黄汗而列水病之门者，亦因水之为病而肿也。
【集注】
程林曰：风水与皮水相类属表，正水与石水相类属里。但风水恶风，皮水不恶风，正
水自喘，石水不自喘为异耳！
尤怡曰：风水水为风搏，因风而病水也。风伤皮毛，而湿流关节，故脉浮恶风，而骨
节疼痛也。皮水水行皮中，内合肺气，故其脉亦浮，不兼风，故不恶寒也。其腹如□
，即『内经』□□然不坚之意。以其病在皮肤，而不及肠藏，故外有胀形，而内无喘
满也。水在皮者，宜从汗解，故曰：当发其汗。正水肾藏之水自盛也。石水水之聚而
不行者也。正水乘阳之虚，而浸及上焦，故脉沉迟而喘。石水因阴之盛而结于少腹，
故脉沉腹满而不喘也。黄汗汗出沾衣如蘖汁，得之湿热交病，而湿居热外，其盛于上
而阳不行，则身热胸满，四肢头面肿，久则浸及于里而荣不通，则逆于肉里而为痈脓
也。
@@@
脉浮而洪，浮则为风，洪则为气，风气相搏，风强则为隐疹，身体为痒，痒为泄风，
久为痂癞；气强则为水，难以俯仰。风气相击，身体洪肿，汗出乃愈。恶风则虚，此
为风水；不恶风者，小便通利，上焦有寒，其口多涎，此为黄汗。
【按】
身体洪肿之「洪」字，当是「浮」字。「此为黄汗」四字，当是衍文。
【注】
六脉俱浮而洪，浮则为风，洪则为气。风气相搏之病，若风强于气，相搏为病，则偏
于荣，故为隐疹，身体为痒，痒者肌虚，为风邪外薄故也。名曰泄风，即今之风燥疮
是也，故日久不愈，则成痂癞。痂癞，疥癣、疠癞之类是也。若气强于风，相搏为病
，则偏于卫，故为水气，难以俯仰，即今之支饮喘满不得卧也。若风气两相强击为病
，则为风水，故通身浮肿也。以上诸证皆属肌表，故当发汗，汗出乃愈也。风水无汗
，当以越婢汤发汗，若汗出恶风则为表阳虚，故加附子也。若不恶风，小便通利，非
表阳有寒，乃上焦有寒也，上焦有寒，惟兼病水者，则其人口内必多生涎沫也。
【集注】
尤怡曰：风，天之气；气，人之气，是皆失其和者也。风湿相搏，风强则气从风而浸
淫肌体，故为瘾疹；气强则风从气而鼓涌水液，故为水；风气并强，两相搏击，而水
液从之，则为风水；汗之则风去而水行，故曰：汗出乃愈。若恶风者表虚也，不恶风
而小便通利者，以上焦有寒不能约束津液，故其口多涎也。
@@@
寸口脉沉滑者，中有水气，面目肿大有热，名曰风水；视人之目裹上微拥，如蚕新卧
起状，其颈脉动，时时欬，按其手足上，陷而不起者，风水。
【注】
此承上条详申风水之证脉也。寸口脉沉而滑，中有水气之诊也；面目肿大，中有水气
之证也。有寒者，其脉沉迟，则为石水也。有热者，其脉沉滑，名曰风水也；视其人
之目胞上微拥似蚕，如新卧起之状，人迎颈脉动甚，时欬，按其肿之手足，陷而不起
者，皆风水之证也。
【集注】
赵良曰：『内经』云：脉沉曰水，脉滑曰风，面肿曰风，目肿如新卧起之状曰水，颈
脉动，喘欬曰水。又肾风者，面跗庞然，少气时热，其有跗肿者，亦曰本于肾，名风
水。皆出『内经』也。
程林曰：沉者就下之性，滑者流衍之象，故沉滑者，中有水也。面肿曰风，风郁于经
则热，故面跗肿大有热，名曰风水。『内经』曰：诸有水者微肿，先见于目下也。水
者阴也，目下亦阴也，腹者至阴之所居，故水在腹者，必使目下肿也。颈脉人迎脉也
，水邪干土，则颈脉动，水之本在肾，水之标在肺，故时时欬也。以手按其腹，随手
而起，此属水胀，如按水囊者，必随手而起。今风水搏于手足，跗属肌肉之间，按而
散之，猝不能聚，故陷下而不起也。
@@@
风水脉浮，身重，汗出恶风者，防己黄耆汤主之。腹痛加芍药。
【注】
此承上条风水，详申其证，以明其治也。风水之病，外风内水也。脉浮恶风者风也，
身重肿者水也。汗出表虚，故用防己黄耆汤，固表以散风水也。若腹痛加芍药、甘草
以调中也。
桂枝三两 生姜三两 甘草二两 大枣十二枚 麻黄 细辛各一两 附子（炮制）一枚
以上七味药，用水七升，先煮麻黄，去掉水面上的浮沫，再加入其他药物，煎煮取药液二升，分三次温服。服药后应当出汗，感觉像虫子在皮肤中爬行一样，病就好了。
@@@
老师说：疾病有风水病，有皮水病，有正水病，有石水病，有黄汗病。风水病的脉象自然浮，外在证候是骨节疼痛，怕风；皮水病的脉象也浮，外在证候是足背浮肿，按压凹陷不起，不怕风，腹部胀满如鼓，口不渴，应当用发汗法治疗；正水病的脉象沉迟，外在证候是气喘；石水病的脉象自然沉，外在证候是腹部胀满但不喘，黄汗病的脉象沉迟，身体发热，胸部胀满，四肢和头面部浮肿，久治不愈，必然导致痈脓。
【注】
风水病是由于内有水气，外感风邪所致，风邪从上受之，所以面部浮肿，骨节疼痛，怕风，这是风邪在经络肌表。皮水病是由于内有水气，皮肤受湿邪侵袭，湿邪从下受之，所以足背浮肿，腹部胀满如鼓，按压凹陷不起，水气在皮肤之内，不是风邪，所以不怕风，因为水湿内停所以口不渴。这些病邪都在体表，所以脉象都浮，都应当通过发汗、宣散来解除。正水是病位在上部的水病，石水是病位在下部的水病；所以在上部则胸部胀满、气喘，在下部则腹部胀满而不喘。这些病邪都在体内，所以脉象都沉迟，都应当通过利下、温阳来解除。黄汗，是指汗出色如蘖汁（黄色），其脉沉迟，说明脏腑内有寒饮；身体发热，说明经络之外有伏热。因为有寒饮所以胸部胀满，四肢头面浮肿；伏热如果久治不愈，必然导致痈脓。由此推断，可知黄汗是内饮外热，蒸郁于中，从土化而成。将黄汗列在水病门类中，也是因为它作为水病而表现为浮肿。
【集注】
程林说：风水与皮水相似，属于表证；正水与石水相似，属于里证。但风水怕风，皮水不怕风，正水自喘，石水不自喘，这是它们的区别！
尤怡说：风水是水被风邪搏结，因风而导致水病。风伤皮毛，湿气流注关节，所以脉浮、怕风，骨节疼痛。皮水，水行于皮肤之中，内合肺气，所以脉象也浮，不兼夹风邪，所以不怕冷。其腹部胀满如鼓，即《内经》中“□□然不坚”的意思。因为病在皮肤，不涉及脏腑，所以外表有胀形，内部没有气喘胸满。水在皮肤，宜从汗解，所以说：应当发汗。正水是肾脏之水自盛。石水是水聚结而不运行。正水乘阳气虚弱，浸渍波及上焦，所以脉沉迟而喘。石水因阴气盛而结于少腹，所以脉沉、腹部胀满而不喘。黄汗，汗出沾衣如蘖汁色，得之于湿热交争，而湿居热外，邪气盛于上部而阳气不行，则身体发热、胸部胀满，四肢头面浮肿，日久则浸淫入里而营血不通，逆乱于肌肉之间而形成痈脓。
@@@
脉象浮而洪，浮则为风邪，洪则为气机失调，风邪与气机相搏结，风邪强盛则为隐疹（荨麻疹），身体瘙痒，瘙痒称为泄风，日久则成痂癞；气机强盛则为水气病，难以俯仰。风邪与气机相互搏击，身体全面浮肿，出汗后痊愈。怕风的为虚证，此为风水病；不怕风的，小便通利，上焦有寒，口中多涎沫，此为黄汗病。
【按】
身体洪肿的“洪”字，应当是“浮”字。“此为黄汗”四字，应当是衍文（多余的文字）。
【注】
六脉俱浮而洪，浮则为风邪，洪则为气机。风气相搏的病，如果风邪强于气机，相搏为病，则偏于营分，所以为隐疹，身体瘙痒，痒是因为肌肤虚弱，风邪外迫所致。名叫泄风，即现在的风燥疮，所以日久不愈，则成痂癞。痂癞，是疥癣、疠癞之类。如果气机强于风邪，相搏为病，则偏于卫分，所以为水气病，难以俯仰，即现在的支饮、喘满不得卧。如果风邪与气机两相强盛搏击为病，则为风水病，所以全身浮肿。以上诸证都属于肌表，所以应当发汗，出汗后痊愈。风水病无汗，应当用越婢汤发汗，如果汗出怕风则为表阳虚，所以加附子。如果不怕风，小便通利，不是表阳有寒，而是上焦有寒，上焦有寒，只有兼有水病的人，其人口内必多生涎沫。
【集注】
尤怡说：风，是天之气；气，是人之气，这都是失去和谐的状态。风湿相搏，风强则气随风湿浸淫肌体，所以为瘾疹；气强则风随气鼓涌水液，所以为水；风与气并强，两相搏击，而水液随之，则为风水；发汗则风去而水行，所以说：出汗后痊愈。如果怕风，是表虚；不怕风而小便通利的，是因为上焦有寒不能约束津液，所以口中多涎。
@@@
寸口脉沉滑者，中有水气，面目肿大且有热，名叫风水病；观察人的眼睑上方微微隆起，像蚕新睡醒起的形状，颈部脉搏跳动，时常咳嗽，按压手足背部，凹陷不起的，是风水病。
【注】
此条承接上一条详细阐述风水病的证候和脉象。寸口脉沉而滑，是有水气的诊断；面目肿大，是有水气的证候。有寒的，其脉沉迟，则为石水病。有热的，其脉沉滑，名叫风水病；观察此人的眼睑上方微隆似蚕，像新睡醒起的状貌，人迎颈脉跳动明显，时常咳嗽，按压肿胀的手足，凹陷不起的，都是风水病的证候。
【集注】
赵良说：《内经》说：脉沉曰水，脉滑曰风，面肿曰风，目肿如新睡醒起的状貌曰水，颈脉动，气喘咳嗽曰水。又有肾风者，面足肿胀，少气时热，如果有足肿的，也说本于肾，名叫风水。都出自《内经》。
程林说：沉是向下之性，滑是流衍之象，所以沉滑，说明中有水。面肿曰风，风郁于经络则生热，所以面足肿大且有热，名叫风水。《内经》说：所有有水病的人微肿，首先见于眼下。水是阴，眼下也是阴，腹部是至阴所居之处，所以水在腹部，必然使眼下肿。颈脉是人迎脉，水邪干犯脾土，则颈脉动，水的根本在肾，水的标在肺，所以时常咳嗽。用手按压腹部，随手而起，这属水胀，如按水囊者，必随手而起。现在风水搏结于手足，跗属肌肉之间，按压而散之，猝然不能聚拢，所以陷下而不起。
@@@
风水病脉浮，身体沉重，汗出怕风的，用防己黄芪汤主治。腹痛加芍药。
【注】
此条承接上一条风水病，详细阐述其证候，以明确其治疗方法。风水病，是外风内水。脉浮恶风者是风邪，身重肿者是水气。汗出表虚，所以用防己黄芪汤，固护肌表以疏散风水。如果腹痛，加芍药、甘草以调和中焦。
Cinnamon Twig (Guizhi) 3 liang, Fresh Ginger (Shengjiang) 3 liang, Licorice Root (Ganzhi) 2 liang, Jujube (Dazao) 12 pieces, Ephedrae Herba (Mahuang), Asari Radix (Xixin) each 1 liang, Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata (Fuzi, prepared) 1 piece.
The above seven ingredients are decocted with 7 sheng of water. First, boil Mahuang, remove the foam on the surface, then add the remaining herbs. Decoct until 2 sheng of liquid remains. Divide into three doses and take warm. After administration, sweating should occur; when the patient feels as if insects are crawling in the skin, the disease will be cured.
@@@
The Master said: There are diseases named Fengshui (Wind-Water), Pishui (Skin-Water), Zhengshui (Regular Water), Shishui (Stone-Water), and Huanghan (Yellow Sweat). In Fengshui, the pulse is naturally floating, and the external manifestations include joint pain and aversion to wind. In Pishui, the pulse is also floating, and the external manifestations include edema of the dorsum pedis that leaves an indentation upon pressure, aversion to wind is absent, abdominal distension resembling a drum, and absence of thirst; treatment should induce sweating. In Zhengshui, the pulse is deep and slow, and the external manifestation is spontaneous wheezing. In Shishui, the pulse is naturally deep, and the external manifestation is abdominal fullness without wheezing. In Huanghan, the pulse is deep and slow, accompanied by feverish sensation in the body, chest fullness, and edema of the four limbs and head/face; if not cured for a long time, it will inevitably lead to carbuncles and pus.
[Annotation]
Fengshui arises from internal fluid retention combined with external contraction of Wind pathogen. Wind affects the upper part first, causing facial edema, joint pain, and aversion to wind, indicating Wind pathogen in the meridians and exterior. Pishui arises from internal fluid retention combined with Dampness pathogen affecting the skin. Dampness affects the lower part first, causing edema of the dorsum pedis, abdominal distension resembling a drum, and indentation upon pressure. The fluid is within the skin layers. Since it is not caused by Wind pathogen, there is no aversion to wind; due to fluid-dampness retention, there is no thirst. Since these pathogens are all at the exterior, the pulses are all floating, and resolution should be achieved through inducing sweating and dispersing. Zhengshui refers to water pathology located in the upper body, while Shishui refers to water pathology located in the lower body. Therefore, upper location leads to chest fullness and spontaneous wheezing, while lower location leads to abdominal fullness without wheezing. Since these pathogens are all internal, the pulses are all deep and slow, and resolution should be achieved through purging downward and warming. Huanghan refers to sweat with a yellow color like nut juice. The deep and slow pulse indicates cold-fluid retention within the zang-fu organs. The feverish sensation indicates latent heat outside the meridians. Cold-fluid retention causes chest fullness and edema of the limbs and head/face. If latent heat persists and is not cured, it will inevitably lead to carbuncles and pus. From this, it can be deduced that Huanghan results from internal fluid retention and external heat steaming and stagnating in the middle, transforming according to Earth characteristics. Huanghan is classified under water diseases because it manifests as edema associated with water pathology.
[Collected Annotations]
Cheng Lin stated: Fengshui and Pishui are similar and belong to the Exterior syndrome; Zhengshui and Shishui are similar and belong to the Interior syndrome. The differences lie in Fengshui having aversion to wind while Pishui does not, and Zhengshui having spontaneous wheezing while Shishui does not!
You Yi stated: Fengshui occurs when water is constrained by Wind pathogen, leading to water disease due to Wind. Wind damages the skin and hair pores, and dampness flows into the joints, resulting in a floating pulse, aversion to wind, and joint pain. In Pishui, water circulates within the skin and internally connects with Lung Qi, so the pulse is also floating. Without concurrent Wind, there is no aversion to cold. Abdominal distension resembling a drum corresponds to the meaning in "Neijing" of being firm yet not hard. Since the disease is in the skin and does not involve the intestines or zang-fu organs, there is external distension but no internal wheezing or chest fullness. Water in the skin should be resolved via sweating, hence it is said: "Induce sweating." Zhengshui refers to excessive water in the Kidney zang. Shishui refers to water accumulation that fails to circulate. Zhengshui, taking advantage of Yang deficiency, infiltrates and reaches the Upper Jiao, resulting in a deep, slow pulse and wheezing. Shishui, due to Yin excess, knots in the Lower Abdomen, resulting in a deep pulse and abdominal fullness without wheezing. Huanghan involves sweat staining clothes yellow like nut juice, caused by the interaction of Dampness and Heat, where Dampness resides outside Heat. When pathogenic factors are abundant in the upper part and Yang fails to circulate, it causes feverish sensation, chest fullness, and edema of the limbs and head/face. Over time, it infiltrates inward, blocking Ying blood circulation, reversing into the muscle layers, and forming carbuncles and pus.
@@@
If the pulse is floating and surging, floating indicates Wind, and surging indicates Qi disharmony. When Wind and Qi contend, if Wind is dominant, it causes hidden rashes (urticaria) and body itching; itching is called Xiefeng (Leaking Wind), which over time becomes scaly crusts or leprosy-like lesions. If Qi is dominant, it causes water qi pathology, making flexion and extension difficult. When Wind and Qi strike each other violently, general body swelling occurs, and recovery follows sweating. Aversion to wind indicates deficiency, characterizing Fengshui (Wind-Water); absence of aversion to wind, with free urination and cold in the Upper Jiao causing excessive salivation, characterizes Huanghan (Yellow Sweat).
[Commentary]
The character "Hong" (surging) in "general body swelling" should likely be "Fu" (floating). The phrase "This is Huanghan" is likely a later interpolation.
[Annotation]
When all six pulses are floating and surging, floating indicates Wind, and surging indicates Qi. In diseases of Wind-Qi contention, if Wind dominates Qi, the contention affects the Ying level, causing hidden rashes and body itching. Itching arises from deficient muscle tissue and external oppression by Wind pathogen. This is named Xiefeng, equivalent to modern wind-dryness sores; thus, prolonged cases develop scaly crusts or leprosy-like lesions (such as tinea or leprosy). If Qi dominates Wind, the contention affects the Wei level, causing water qi pathology and difficulty in flexion/extension, equivalent to modern Zhiyin (branching fluid retention) with wheezing, fullness, and inability to lie flat. If both Wind and Qi are strong and strike each other, it results in Fengshui, causing generalized edema. All the above syndromes belong to the muscle-skin exterior, so inducing sweating is appropriate, and recovery follows sweating. For Fengshui with no sweat, Yebip Tang should be used to induce sweating. If sweating occurs with aversion to wind, it indicates deficiency of Exterior Yang, so Fuzi (Prepared Aconite Root) is added. If there is no aversion to wind and urination is free, it is not Exterior Yang cold, but Upper Jiao cold. In cases of Upper Jiao cold complicated by water disease, excessive saliva production in the mouth is inevitable.
[Collected Annotations]
You Yi stated: Wind is the Qi of Heaven; Qi is the Qi of Man. Both represent a loss of harmony. In Wind-Damp contention, if Wind is strong, Qi follows Wind and infiltrates the body tissues, causing urticaria. If Qi is strong, Wind follows Qi and drives fluid accumulation, causing water retention. If both Wind and Qi are strong and contend, fluids follow, resulting in Fengshui. Sweating expels Wind and moves water, hence it is said: "Recovery follows sweating." Aversion to wind indicates Exterior deficiency. Absence of aversion to wind with free urination indicates that Upper Jiao cold fails to constrain body fluids, causing excessive salivation.
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A Chenkou (Radial artery) pulse that is deep and slippery indicates internal water qi. Swelling of the face and eyes with heat is named Fengshui (Wind-Water). Observing slight puffiness above the eyelids, resembling the appearance after waking from sleep, along with pulsation of the neck vessels, frequent coughing, and pitting edema of the hands and feet that does not rebound immediately upon pressure, confirms the diagnosis of Fengshui.
[Annotation]
This paragraph elaborates on the symptoms and pulse of Fengshui mentioned in the previous section. A deep and slippery Chenkou pulse is the diagnostic sign of internal water qi; swelling of the face and eyes is the symptomatic manifestation. A deep and slow pulse with cold indicates Shishui (Stone-Water). A deep and slippery pulse with heat is named Fengshui. Slight puffiness above the eyelids resembling a newly awakened state, prominent pulsation of the Renying (Carotid) neck vessel, frequent coughing, and non-rebounding pitting edema upon pressing the swollen extremities are all signs of Fengshui.
[Collected Annotations]
Zhao Liang stated: "Neijing" says: Deep pulse indicates water, slippery pulse indicates wind, facial swelling indicates wind, eye swelling resembling post-sleep puffiness indicates water, neck vessel pulsation with wheezing/cough indicates water. Also, Shenfeng (Kidney Wind) presents with massive facial and pedal edema, shortness of breath, and intermittent fever. Pedal edema originating from the Kidney is also named Fengshui. All these originate from "Neijing".
Cheng Lin stated: Deep reflects a downward nature, slippery reflects flowing abundance; thus, deep and slippery indicates internal water. Facial swelling indicates Wind; Wind stagnating in meridians generates heat, causing facial and pedal edema with heat, named Fengshui. "Neijing" states: All water diseases show slight swelling first appearing under the eyes. Water is Yin, and the area under the eyes is also Yin. The abdomen is the residence of Supreme Yin; thus, when water accumulates in the abdomen, the area under the eyes swells. The neck vessel is the Renying pulse. Water pathogen invading Spleen Earth causes neck vessel pulsation. The root of water is in the Kidney, and its branch is in the Lung, hence frequent coughing. Pressing the abdomen and seeing immediate rebound indicates Shuizhang (Water Distension), like pressing a water bag. However, in Fengshui contending in the extremities, where the dorsum belongs to the muscle layer, pressing disperses the fluid, which cannot gather quickly, resulting in depression without rebound.
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For Fengshui presenting with a floating pulse, heavy body, sweating, and aversion to wind, Fangji Huangqi Tang (Stephania and Astragalus Decoction) is the primary formula. Add Shaoyao (Peony Root) if abdominal pain is present.
[Annotation]
This paragraph continues the discussion on Fengshui, detailing its symptoms to clarify the treatment. Fengshui disease involves external Wind and internal Water. Floating pulse and aversion to wind indicate Wind; heavy body and edema indicate Water. Sweating indicates Exterior deficiency; therefore, Fangji Huangqi Tang is used to consolidate the Exterior and disperse Wind-Water. If abdominal pain is present, Shaoyao and Gancao (Licorice Root) are added to harmonize the Middle Jiao.