疟疾痰饮多呕逆，面黄目肿胸膈膨，痰盛清脾加橘半，饮盛加苍倍人苓。
[注]
小儿素有痰饮，复因外邪凝结脾胃，故呕逆也，
若疟疾或经汗下之后，表裹无证，宜用清脾饮以和之，
痰盛者，本方加橘红倍半夏，饮盛者，加苍术倍茯苓，
若儿气已虚弱，更当加人参以扶其正。
(加减清脾饮) 柴胡 黄芩 半夏姜制 甘草炙 厚朴姜制 青皮醋炒
槟榔 茯苓 草果人参 白术土炒 橘红 南苍术炒 引用生姜水煎服。
(方歌)
清脾治疟兼痰饮，柴苓半朴青榔，苓果气虚参术入，痰盛加橘饮盛苍。
%
肺病咳嗽有痰声，有声无痰咳之名，有痰无声谓之嗽，为病寒热食与风。
[注]
病机式要云：咳嗽谓有声有痰，因肺气受伤，动乎脾湿而然也，
咳谓无痰而有声，肺气伤而不清也，
嗽谓无声而有痰，脾湿动而为痰也，
二者虽俱属肺病，然又有肺寒肺热之分，食积风寒之别，医者宜详辨之。
%
咳嗽门
肺虚饮冷致咳嗽，面色垙白痰涕清，圣惠橘皮宜初进，补肺阿胶久嗽灵。
[注]
寒嗽者，因平素肺虚喜啖生冷，以致寒邪伤肺，发为咳嗽，
其证面色□白，痰多清稀，鼻流清涕，初宜圣惠橘皮散主之，
若日久不愈者，须以补肺阿胶散主之，则气顺痰清而嗽自止矣。
(圣惠橘皮散)
人参 贝母 苏叶 陈皮 桔梗 杏仁去皮尖炒 引用红枣水煎服。
(方歌)
肺虚受寒频咳嗽，橘皮散治效通仙，参贝苏叶陈皮桔，杏仁微炒去皮尖。
(补肺阿胶散)
人参 阿胶麸炒 牛蒡子炒 杏仁去皮尖炒 糯米 甘草炙
马兜铃 水煎食后服。
(方歌)
小儿肺寒时时嗽，补肺阿胶效若衶，人参阿胶牛蒡子，杏仁糯米草兜铃。
%
咳嗽门
疟疾伴有痰饮时，常出现呕吐、呃逆，面色发黄，眼睑浮肿，胸膈部胀满膨隆。若痰邪偏盛，应在清脾饮基础上加用橘红和半夏；若水饮偏盛，应加用苍术并加倍使用茯苓。
[注]
小儿素来体内有痰饮停滞，又因外感邪气凝结于脾胃，所以会出现呕吐、呃逆的症状。
如果是疟疾病症，或者经过发汗、攻下治疗后，表证和里证都已消失，应当使用清脾饮来调和身体。
痰邪较盛的，在本方中加入橘红，并将半夏的用量加倍；水饮较盛的，加入苍术，并将茯苓的用量加倍。
如果患儿正气已经虚弱，更应当加入人参以扶助正气。
(加减清脾饮) 柴胡、黄芩、姜制半夏、炙甘草、姜制厚朴、醋炒青皮、槟榔、茯苓、草果、人参、土炒白术、橘红、炒南苍术。引用生姜，加水煎服。
(方歌)
清脾饮治疗疟疾兼治痰饮，方中含柴胡、茯苓、半夏、厚朴、青皮、槟榔；若有气虚加入人参、白术；痰盛加橘红，饮盛加苍术。
肺病引起的咳嗽伴有痰声，只有声音而没有痰液咳出的称为“咳”，只有痰液而没有声音的称为“嗽”。导致这些病症的原因包括寒邪、热邪、饮食积滞和风邪。
[注]
《病机式要》中说：咳嗽是指既有声音又有痰液，是因为肺气受伤，触动脾湿而形成的；
咳是指没有痰液但有声音，是肺气受损而不清利；
嗽是指没有声音但有痰液，是脾湿运动而产生痰液；
这两种情况虽然都属于肺病，但又有肺寒和肺热的区别，以及食积和风邪的不同，医生应当仔细辨别。
咳嗽门
肺气虚弱，饮用冷水导致咳嗽，面色苍白或萎黄，痰液和鼻涕清稀。初期宜服用圣惠橘皮散，久咳不愈则补肺阿胶散疗效显著。
[注]
寒性咳嗽，是因为平时肺气虚弱，喜欢吃生冷食物，导致寒邪伤害肺部，引发咳嗽。
其症状表现为面色苍白，痰多且清稀，鼻流清涕。初期适宜用圣惠橘皮散主治。
如果日久不愈，必须用补肺阿胶散主治，这样气机顺畅，痰液清除，咳嗽自然停止。
(圣惠橘皮散) 人参、贝母、苏叶、陈皮、桔梗、去皮尖并炒制的杏仁。引用红枣，加水煎服。
(方歌)
肺气虚弱受寒频繁咳嗽，橘皮散治疗效果通仙，方含人参、贝母、苏叶、陈皮、桔梗，杏仁微炒后去皮尖。
(补肺阿胶散) 人参、麸炒阿胶、炒牛蒡子、去皮尖并炒制的杏仁、糯米、炙甘草、马兜铃。水煎，饭后服用。
(方歌)
小儿肺寒时常咳嗽，补肺阿胶散效果如神，方含人参、阿胶、牛蒡子，杏仁、糯米、甘草、马兜铃。
咳嗽门
Malaria accompanied by phlegm-fluid retention often presents with vomiting and hiccups, sallow complexion, swollen eyes, and distension/fullness in the chest and diaphragm. If phlegm is predominant, add Ju Hong (Exocarpium Citri Reticulatae Rubrum) and Ban Xia (Pinelliae Rhizoma) to Qing Pi Yin (Clear the Spleen Decoction); if fluid retention is predominant, add Cang Zhu (Atractylodis Rhizoma) and double the dosage of Fu Ling (Poria).
[Note]
Children who inherently have phlegm-fluid retention, when complicated by external pathogens condensing in the spleen and stomach, will manifest vomiting and hiccups.
If malaria has occurred, or after sweating or purging therapies have been applied, and there are no exterior or interior syndromes remaining, one should use Qing Pi Yin (Clear the Spleen Decoction) to harmonize the body.
For cases where phlegm is predominant, add Ju Hong (Exocarpium Citri Reticulatae Rubrum) to the base formula and double the dosage of Ban Xia (Pinelliae Rhizoma); for cases where fluid retention is predominant, add Cang Zhu (Atractylodis Rhizoma) and double the dosage of Fu Ling (Poria).
If the child's healthy qi (Zheng Qi) is already deficient, Ren Shen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma) should be added to support the healthy qi.
(Jia Jian Qing Pi Yin / Modified Clear the Spleen Decoction): Chai Hu (Bupleuri Radix), Huang Qin (Scutellariae Radix), Ban Xia (Pinelliae Rhizoma) processed with ginger, Zhi Gan Cao (Prepared Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma), Hou Po (Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex) processed with ginger, Qing Pi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viride) stir-fried with vinegar, Bing Lang (Arecae Semen), Fu Ling (Poria), Cao Guo (Tsaoko Fructus), Ren Shen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma), Bai Zhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma) stir-fried with earth, Ju Hong (Exocarpium Citri Reticulatae Rubrum), Nan Cang Zhu (Atractylodis Rhizoma) stir-fried. Reference: Ginger, decoct in water and take orally.
(Fang Ge / Formula Song):
Qing Pi Yin treats malaria and concurrently addresses phlegm-fluid retention;
It contains Chai Hu, Fu Ling, Ban Xia, Hou Po, Qing Pi, and Bing Lang;
For qi deficiency, add Ren Shen and Bai Zhu;
For predominant phlegm, add Ju Hong; for predominant fluid retention, add Cang Zhu.
Lung disease causing cough with phlegm sounds: "Ke" (Cough without phlegm) refers to having sound but no phlegm; "Sou" (Sputtering/Cough with phlegm) refers to having phlegm but no sound. The etiologies involve cold, heat, food stagnation, and wind.
[Note]:
The *Bing Ji Shi Yao* states: "Ke-Sou" (cough with both sound and phlegm) occurs due to lung qi injury activating spleen dampness;
"Ke" (cough without phlegm but with sound) indicates lung qi injury and lack of clarity;
"Sou" (cough with phlegm but without sound) indicates spleen dampness moving to generate phlegm;
Although both belong to lung diseases, they are differentiated into lung cold and lung heat, as well as distinctions between food stagnation and wind-cold/wind-heat. Physicians must distinguish them carefully.
Section on Cough
Lung deficiency combined with drinking cold fluids causes cough, presenting with a pale or sallow complexion, clear thin phlegm, and clear nasal discharge. Initially, Sheng Hui Ju Pi San (Holy Benefit Tangerina Peel Powder) is suitable; for chronic coughs, Bu Fei E Jiao San (Tonify Lung Donkey-Hide Gelatin Powder) is effective.
[Note]:
Cold-type cough arises from inherent lung deficiency and a preference for raw/cold foods, leading to cold pathogens injuring the lungs and triggering cough.
Symptoms include a pale complexion, profuse clear-thin phlegm, and clear nasal discharge. Initially, treat with Sheng Hui Ju Pi San (Holy Benefit Tangerina Peel Powder).
If it persists for a long time, treat with Bu Fei E Jiao San (Tonify Lung Donkey-Hide Gelatin Powder); this will smooth the qi, clear the phlegm, and stop the cough naturally.
(Sheng Hui Ju Pi San / Holy Benefit Tangerina Peel Powder): Ren Shen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma), Bei Mu (Fritillariae Bulbus), Su Ye (Perilla Folium), Chen Pi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium), Jie Geng (Platycodonis Radix), Xing Ren (Armeniacae Semen Amarum) de-husked, de-veined, and stir-fried. Reference: Red dates, decoct in water and take orally.
(Fang Ge / Formula Song):
Lung deficiency suffering from cold causes frequent coughing;
Ju Pi San treats it with efficacy surpassing immortals;
Contains Ren Shen, Bei Mu, Su Ye, Chen Pi, Jie Geng;
Xing Ren is lightly stir-fried, de-husked, and de-veined.
(Bu Fei E Jiao San / Tonify Lung Donkey-Hide Gelatin Powder): Ren Shen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma), E Jiao (Colla Corii Asini) stir-fried with bran, Niu Bang Zi (Arctii Fructus) stir-fried, Xing Ren (Armeniacae Semen Amarum) de-husked, de-veined, and stir-fried, Nuomi (Oryza Sativa Glutinosa), Zhi Gan Cao (Prepared Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma), Ma Dou Ling (Aristolochiae Fructus). Decoct in water, take after meals.
(Fang Ge / Formula Song):
Children with lung cold experience intermittent coughing;
Bu Fei E Jiao San yields miraculous effects;
Contains Ren Shen, E Jiao, Niu Bang Zi;
Xing Ren, Nuomi, Gan Cao, and Ma Dou Ling.
Section on Cough