治湿家身烦疼.
麻黄三两 桂枝二两 甘草 ( 炙 ) 二两 杏仁七十个 白术 ( 炒
)四两, 右五味, 以水九升, 煮麻黄 , 减二升, 去沫, 纳诸药, 煮
取二升半, 去滓, 温服八合, 覆取微似汗.
【集注】程知曰: 此汤为湿家表散法也. 身疼为湿, 身烦为热. 加白
术于麻黄汤中, 一以助其去湿, 一以恐其过散, 此治湿之正法也
.发散方中加白术, 又为张洁古, 王好古二人开法门.
主治伤寒八九日, 风湿相抟, 身体烦疼, 不能转侧
,不呕不渴, 脉浮虚而涩者.
桂枝四两 附子 ( 炮 ) 三枚 甘草二两 生姜三两 大枣十二枚,
右五味, 以水六升, 煮取二升, 去滓, 分温三服.
【集注】程知曰: 湿与风相抟, 流入关节, 身疼极重, 而无头痛, 呕
,渴等证, 脉浮虚者风也, 涩者寒湿也. 风在表者, 散以桂 , 甘之
辛甘. 湿在经者, 逐以附子辛热. 姜, 枣辛甘, 行营卫通津液以和表
.盖阳虚则湿不行, 温经助阳散湿, 多借附子之大力也.
治太阳证备, 身体强几几然, 脉反沉迟, 此为痉,
此汤主之.
栝蒌根二两 桂枝三两 芍药三两 甘草二两 生姜三两 大枣十二
枚 , 右六味, 以水九升, 取三升, 分温三服, 取微汗, 汗不出, 食
顷须啜热粥发之.
【集注】喻昌曰: 伤寒方中, 治项背几几, 用桂枝加葛根汤矣. 彼之
汗出恶风, 其邪在表, 而此之太阳证, 罔不具备, 其邪之亦在于表可
知也. 但以脉之沉迟, 知其在表之邪为津液内竭所召, 不当从风寒之
表法起见, 故不用葛根之发表解肌, 改用栝蒌根之味苦入阴, 擅生津
液之长者为君, 加之桂枝和营卫, 养筋脉而治其痉, 乃变表法为和法
也.然既君以栝蒌根当增之, 桂枝为臣当减之.
治疗湿病患者身体烦痛。
麻黄三两，桂枝二两，甘草（炙）二两，杏仁七十个，白术（炒）四两。以上五味药，用水九升，先煮麻黄，减少二升水量，撇去浮沫，加入其余药物，煎煮取药液二升半，滤去药渣，温服八合，服药后覆盖衣被以取得微微似有汗出的效果。
【集注】程知说：此汤是治疗湿病患者的表散方法。身体疼痛是因为湿邪，身体烦扰是因为热邪。在麻黄汤中加入白术，一方面帮助祛除湿气，另一方面防止发汗过度，这是治疗湿病的正法。在发散方剂中加入白术，又是张洁古、王好古两位医家开创的门径。
主治伤寒病程八九日，风湿相互搏结，身体剧烈疼痛，不能翻身转侧，没有呕吐和口渴的症状，脉象浮虚而涩的病症。
桂枝四两，附子（炮制）三枚，甘草二两，生姜三两，大枣十二枚。以上五味药，用水六升，煎煮取药液二升，滤去药渣，分三次温服。
【集注】程知说：湿邪与风邪相互搏结，流入关节，身体疼痛极其严重，而没有头痛、呕吐、口渴等症状。脉象浮虚说明有风邪，脉象涩说明有寒湿。风邪在体表，用桂枝、甘草的辛甘之味来发散。湿邪在经络，用附子的辛热之性来驱逐。生姜、大枣辛甘，运行营卫，通利津液以调和体表。大概阳气虚弱则湿气不行，温补经络、助阳散湿，多借助附子的强大力量。
治疗太阳病证候具备，身体强直僵硬，脉象反而沉迟，这是痉病，此汤主治。
栝蒌根二两，桂枝三两，芍药三两，甘草二两，生姜三两，大枣十二枚。以上六味药，用水九升，煎煮取药液三升，分三次温服，取得微微汗出；如果不出汗，喝热粥一顿饭的时间来帮助发汗。
【集注】喻昌说：在伤寒方中，治疗项背强直不适，已经使用了桂枝加葛根汤。那种情况是汗出恶风，邪气在体表，而这里的太阳病证候无不具备，可知邪气也在体表。但因为脉象沉迟，知道体表的邪气是由于体内津液枯竭所招致，不应当从风寒表证的方法来处理，所以不用葛根的发表解肌作用，改用栝蒌根味苦入阴、擅长生津液的长处作为君药，加上桂枝调和营卫，滋养筋脉以治疗痉病，这是将表法变为和法。既然以栝蒌根为君药应当增加用量，桂枝作为臣药应当减少用量。
Treats patients with dampness presenting with bodily restlessness and pain.
Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba) 3 liang, Guizhi (Cinnamomi Ramulus) 2 liang, Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma Preparatum) 2 liang, Xingren (Armeniacae Semen Amarum) 70 pieces, Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma Preparatum) 4 liang. The above five herbs are boiled in nine sheng of water. First, boil Mahuang until the volume reduces by two sheng, then skim off the foam. Add the remaining herbs and boil to obtain two and a half sheng of decoction. Strain the dregs and take eight he of the liquid warm. After ingestion, cover the patient to induce a slight perspiration.
[Collected Annotations] Cheng Zhi stated: This decoction is a method for dispersing pathogenic factors from the exterior in patients with dampness. Bodily pain is due to dampness, while bodily restlessness is due to heat. Adding Baizhu to Mahuang Tang serves to assist in dispelling dampness and prevents excessive sweating; this is the correct method for treating dampness. The addition of Baizhu to dispersing formulas was pioneered by Zhang Jiegu and Wang Haogu.
Indicated for Taiyang disease persisting for eight or nine days, where wind-dampness intertwines, causing severe bodily pain and inability to turn over, without vomiting or thirst, and with a floating, deficient, and choppy pulse.
Guizhi (Cinnamomi Ramulus) 4 liang, Fuzi (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Preparata) 3 pieces, Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) 2 liang, Shengjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens) 3 liang, Dazao (Jujubae Fructus) 12 pieces. The above five herbs are boiled in six sheng of water to obtain two sheng of decoction. Strain the dregs and divide into three warm doses.
[Collected Annotations] Cheng Zhi stated: When dampness and wind intertwine and flow into the joints, bodily pain becomes extremely severe, yet symptoms such as headache, vomiting, and thirst are absent. A floating and deficient pulse indicates wind, while a choppy pulse indicates cold-dampness. Wind at the exterior is dispersed using the acrid-sweet properties of Guizhi and Gancao. Dampness in the meridians is driven out by the acrid-hot nature of Fuzi. Shengjiang and Dazao are acrid-sweet, promoting Ying and Wei circulation, unblocking body fluids, and harmonizing the exterior. Generally, when Yang deficiency leads to stagnant dampness, warming the meridians, assisting Yang, and dispelling dampness rely heavily on the potent power of Fuzi.
Indicated for cases where all Taiyang syndrome signs are present, accompanied by stiffness and rigidity of the body, and a pulse that is instead deep and slow. This constitutes Jing disease (spasm), which this decoction treats.
Gualougen (Trichosanthis Radix) 2 liang, Guizhi (Cinnamomi Ramulus) 3 liang, Shaoyao (Paeoniae Radix Alba) 3 liang, Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) 2 liang, Shengjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens) 3 liang, Dazao (Jujubae Fructus) 12 pieces. The above six herbs are boiled in nine sheng of water to obtain three sheng of decoction. Divide into three warm doses to induce slight perspiration. If perspiration does not occur, drink hot congee after about one meal's time to facilitate sweating.
[Collected Annotations] Yu Chang stated: In Shanghan formulas, Guizhi Jia Gegen Tang is used to treat neck and back stiffness. In that case, there is sweating and aversion to wind, indicating the pathogen is at the exterior. Here, all Taiyang syndrome signs are present, confirming the pathogen is also at the exterior. However, the deep and slow pulse indicates that the exterior pathogen is provoked by internal exhaustion of body fluids. Therefore, it should not be treated as an exterior wind-cold pattern, so Gegen (which releases the exterior and relaxes muscles) is not used. Instead, Gualougen, which is bitter, enters the Yin, and excels at generating body fluids, is used as the Sovereign herb. Guizhi is added to harmonize Ying and Wei and nourish the sinews to treat spasm. This changes the exterior-releasing method into a harmonizing method. Since Gualougen is the Sovereign herb, its dosage should be increased, and Guizhi, as the Minister herb, should be decreased.