《病源论》云∶痈发背，多发于诸腑俞也。六腑不和则生痈，诸腑俞皆在背，其血气结
络于身，六腑气不和。腠理虚者，经络为寒所客，寒折于血，则壅不通，故结成痈，发其俞
也。
热气加于血，则肉血败，化而为脓。痈初结之状，肿而皮薄以泽。背上忽有赤肿而头白，
摇之连根，入应胸里动，是痈也。
发背若热，手不可近者，内先服王不留行散，外摩发背膏、大黄帖。若在背生，破无苦，
良久不得脓，以食肉膏、散着兑头，纳痈口中。人体热气歇，服术散。五日后痈欲瘥者，服
排脓内塞散。
《千金方》云∶论曰∶凡发背皆由服五石、寒食、更生散所致，亦有单服钟乳而发者，
又有生平不服石而自发者，此是上世有服之者。其候率多于背两胛间起，初如粟米大，或痛
或痒，仍作赤色，人皆初不以为事，日渐长大，不过十日，遂至不救。其临困时，方圆径三
四寸，疮有数十孔，以手按之，诸孔之中脓皆乃出，寻即失音不言。
所以养生者，小觉背上痛痒有异，即取净土水和作泥，捻作饼子，径一寸半，浓二分，
以粗艾作炷，灸泥上灸之，一炷一易。若粟米大时，可灸七饼即瘥。若如榆英大，灸七七炷
即瘥。若至钱许大，日夜灸不住乃瘥，并服五香连翘汤及铁浆诸药攻之乃愈。又恒冷水射之，
渍冷石熨之，日夜勿止，待瘥住手。此病忌面、酒、肉、五辛等。
凡肿起于背胛中，头白如黍粟，四边相连肿，赤黑，令人闷乱者，名发背。不灸治即入
内，灸当针疮上七八百壮。
又方∶饮铁浆三升，下利为度。
又方∶鹿角灰，酢和涂之。
排（步皆反）脓内塞散主大疮热已退，脓血不止，疮中肉虚疮痛方∶
防风（一两） 茯苓（一两） 白芷（一两） 桔梗（一两） 远志（一两） 甘草（一
两） 桂心（二分） 人参（一两） 芎 （一两） 当归（一两） 附子（二枚） 浓朴
（二两） 龙骨（一两） 黄 （一两） 赤小豆（五合，熬）
十五味，为散，酒服方寸匕，日三夜一。（今按∶《范汪方》云∶非酒则药势不宣。）
《广济方》疗钟乳及五石等发背毒热方∶
黄芩（三两） 白鸭屎（五合） 白蔹（一握） 香豉（五合）
切，水六升煮取二升，分温三服。
《经心方》疗发背方∶
以冷石熨肿上，验。
又方∶马粪敷，干易之，妇人发乳亦瘥。
《范汪方》治发背及诸痈肿已溃未溃方∶
捣豉小和水，令如强泥作饼，饼可肿大，浓三分所，若有疮孔空遗之，勿覆，令汁得出，
得以艾罗灸豉上欲燥，若热则易，令大热剥烂皮也。痈痛寻当转减，便得安。为灸或有
一日、二日、三日，疮孔中当汁出。（《千金方》同之。）
治痈肿王不留行散方∶
王不留行〔二升（成末）〕 甘草（五两） 冶葛（二两） 桂心（四分） 当归（四
两）
凡五物，冶合下筛，以酒服方寸匕，日三夜一。
《葛氏方》治痈发背腹阴匿处通身有数十方∶
取干牛屎烧，捣细，重绢筛下，以鸡子白和以涂之，干复易。秘方。《刘涓子方》同之。
又方∶用鹿角、桂心、鸡矢，当别烧，合之捣，以鸡子白和，涂之。秘方。
又方∶生栝楼根细捣，以苦酒和，涂上，干复易之。
又方∶赤小豆涂之亦良。
《刘涓子》治痈发背发房初起赤方∶
其上赤处灸百壮。
又方∶捣苎根，少水解以薄上。
又方∶灶黄土、鸡子白和，涂上。
又方∶树上不落桃子，末，以好苦酒和，敷上良。
又云∶欲使速溃方∶水研半夏，鸡子白和涂之，亦能令消。
《诸病源候论》说：发背痈，多发生在各腑的俞穴部位。六腑功能失调就会生痈，各腑的俞穴都在背部，人体的血气在经络中凝结阻滞，导致六腑之气不和。腠理疏松的人，经络被寒邪侵袭，寒气损伤血液，造成气血壅塞不通，因此结成痈，发作于其对应的俞穴处。
热气作用于血液，会导致肌肉和血液腐败，化生为脓液。痈初形成时的症状是：局部肿胀，皮肤薄而有光泽。背上突然出现红色肿胀且顶部发白，摇动时感觉根部相连，疼痛放射至胸部内部跳动，这就是痈。
如果发背痈伴有高热，手不敢靠近的，内服王不留行散，外用发背膏、大黄帖涂抹按摩。如果痈生在背部，破溃无妨；若长时间不出脓，用食肉膏、散敷在疮口顶端，纳入痈肿口中。人体热气消退后，服用术散。五日后痈肿欲痊愈时，服用排脓内塞散。
《千金方》说：论述道：凡是发背，都是由服用五石散、寒食散、更生散引起的，也有单服钟乳石而发病的，还有生平不服石药却自发者，这是上古时代有人服用石药遗留下来的影响。其症状多在背部两肩胛之间发起，起初像粟米大小，或痛或痒，呈现赤色，人们起初都不以为意，日渐长大，不超过十天，就会发展到无法救治的地步。病情危重时，疮面方圆三四寸，有数十个孔洞，用手按压，各个孔洞中的脓液都会流出，随即失音不能说话。
所以注重养生的人，刚觉得背部疼痛瘙痒异常，就取干净的泥土和水做成泥，捏成饼状，直径一寸半，厚度二分，用粗艾绒做艾炷，在泥饼上施灸，一炷烧完换一个。如果像粟米大小时，可灸七个饼即可痊愈。如果像榆钱大小时，灸四十九炷即可痊愈。如果达到铜钱大小，日夜不停施灸才能痊愈，并服用五香连翘汤及铁浆等药物攻治才能好转。又常用冷水喷洒患处，用冷石头熨烫，日夜不停，直到痊愈才停止。此病忌食面食、酒、肉类、五辛等食物。
凡是肿胀起于背部肩胛中间，顶部白色如黍米粟粒，四周相连肿胀，颜色赤黑，令人烦闷混乱的，名叫发背。如果不施灸治疗，毒邪就会内陷入里，应在疮上施灸七八百壮。
排脓内塞散主治大疮热势已退，但脓血不止，疮中肌肉空虚疼痛的方剂：
防风（一两） 茯苓（一两） 白芷（一两） 桔梗（一两） 远志（一两） 甘草（一两） 桂心（二分） 人参（一两） 川芎（一两） 当归（一两） 附子（二枚） 厚朴（二两） 龙骨（一两） 黄芪（一两） 赤小豆（五合，炒熟）
以上十五味药，研为散剂，用酒送服一方寸匕，每日三次，夜间一次。（今按：《范汪方》说：不用酒则药力不能宣通。）
《广济方》治疗因钟乳石及五石散等引起的发背毒热方：
黄芩（三两） 白鸭屎（五合） 白蔹（一把） 香豉（五合）
切碎，用水六升煮取二升，分三次温服。
《范汪方》治疗发背及各类痈肿已溃或未溃的方子：
捣碎豆豉加少量水，调成稠泥状做成饼，饼的大小比疮面稍大，厚度三分左右。如果有疮孔则留空不覆盖，让汁液排出，得以用艾草环绕在豆豉饼上施灸，待豆豉变干或过热则更换，使局部产生大热以剥烂腐皮。痈痛随即应当减轻，便得安宁。施灸可能有一天、两天、三天，疮孔中会有汁液流出。（《千金方》与此相同。）
治疗痈肿的王不留行散方：
王不留行〔二升（制成粉末）〕 甘草（五两） 冶葛（二两） 桂心（四分） 当归（四两）
以上五味药，研磨混合过筛，用酒送服一方寸匕，每日三次，夜间一次。
《葛氏方》治疗痈发背、腹股沟隐蔽处全身有数十个疮方的方法：
取干牛粪燃烧，捣细，用双层丝绢筛下，用鸡蛋清调和后涂抹，干了再换。这是秘方。《刘涓子方》与此相同。
又一个方子：用鹿角、桂心、鸡矢白，分别烧制，混合捣碎，用鸡蛋清调和后涂抹。这是秘方。
According to *Zhu Bing Yuan Hou Lun* (Treatise on the Pathogenesis and Symptoms of All Diseases): Fa Bei (Back Carbuncle) often occurs at the Shu points (Back-Shu acupoints) of the various Fu organs. Disharmony of the six Fu organs leads to the formation of carbuncles; all Shu points of the Fu organs are located on the back. When blood and Qi stagnate in the meridians throughout the body, causing disharmony of the Qi of the six Fu organs, individuals with deficient Cou Li (interstitial spaces and pores) are susceptible to Cold pathogenic factors invading the meridians. The Cold damages the blood, leading to obstruction and blockage, thus forming a carbuncle that manifests at its corresponding Shu point.
When Heat qi acts upon the blood, the flesh and blood putrefy and transform into pus. The initial presentation of a carbuncle is characterized by swelling with thin, shiny skin. A sudden red swelling with a white head appears on the back; when shaken, it feels connected to the root, and pain radiates to move within the chest interior. This is a carbuncle.
If Fa Bei presents with intense heat such that the area cannot be touched, internally administer Wang Bu Liu Xing San (Wangbuliuxing Powder). Externally apply Fa Bei Gao (Fa Bei Ointment) and Da Huang Tie (Rhubarb Paster). If the carbuncle is on the back, rupture is not detrimental. If pus does not form after a long time, apply Shi Rou Gao (Flesh-Growing Ointment) and powder to the apex of the lesion, inserting it into the mouth of the carbuncle. Once the body's excessive heat subsides, consume Shu San (Atractylodes Powder). After five days, if the carbuncle is nearing resolution, consume Pai Nong Nei Sai San (Pus-Draining Internal-Sealing Powder).
*Qian Jin Fang* (Essential Prescriptions Worth a Thousand Gold) states: In its discussion, it says that all cases of Fa Bei result from taking Wu Shi San (Five-Mineral Powder), Han Shi San (Cold Food Powder), or Geng Sheng San (Gengsheng Powder). There are also cases caused solely by taking Zhong Ru Shi (Stalactite), and even spontaneous occurrences in those who have never taken mineral drugs; these are residual effects from ancient times when people took such substances. The symptoms typically arise between the two scapulae on the back, initially resembling millet grains, accompanied by pain or itching, and appearing reddish. People often ignore this initially. However, it grows day by day, and within ten days, it becomes incurable. At the critical stage, the sore spans three to four inches in diameter, with dozens of openings. Pressing with hands causes pus to discharge from all openings, followed immediately by aphonia (loss of voice).
Therefore, those who practice health preservation should, upon feeling any unusual pain or itching on the back, take clean earth mixed with water to make mud, shape it into cakes one and a half cun in diameter and two fen thick. Use coarse mugwort to make moxa cones, and apply moxibustion on the mud cake, replacing it after each cone burns out. If treated when the lesion is millet-sized, seven cakes of moxibustion will suffice for cure. If it is the size of a elm seed, forty-nine cones of moxibustion will suffice. If it reaches the size of a coin, continuous day and night moxibustion is required for cure, along with internal administration of Wu Xiang Lian Qiao Tang (Five-Spice Forsythia Decoction) and Tie Jiang (Iron Slurry) and other medications to attack the pathogen. Additionally, spray cold water on the area and apply hot/cold stone compresses continuously day and night until cured. This disease contraindicates consumption of wheat products, alcohol, meat, and the Five Pungent Spices.
Any swelling arising in the middle of the back scapulae, with a white head like millet grains, surrounded by connected swelling, appearing red-black, and causing mental restlessness, is named Fa Bei. If not treated with moxibustion, the toxin will penetrate inward; moxibustion should be applied directly on the wound for seven to eight hundred Zhu (units of moxa cones).
Another prescription: Drink three Sheng of Tie Jiang (Iron Slurry), stopping when diarrhea occurs.
Another prescription: Lu Jiao Hui (Deer Horn Ash), mixed with Vinegar (Cu), applied topically.
Pai Nong Nei Sai San (Pus-Draining Internal-Sealing Powder) is indicated for large sores where heat has subsided but pus and blood continue to flow, and the flesh in the sore is deficient and painful. Formula:
Fang Feng (Saposhnikovia Root, 1 liang)
Fu Ling (Poria, 1 liang)
Bai Zhi (Angelica Dahurica, 1 liang)
Jie Geng (Platycodon Root, 1 liang)
Yuan Zhi (Polygala Root, 1 liang)
Gan Cao (Licorice Root, 1 liang)
Gui Xin (Cinnamon Twig Heart, 2 fen)
Ren Shen (Ginseng Root, 1 liang)
Xiong Duan (Dried Ligusticum Rhizome, 1 liang)
Dang Gui (Angelica Sinensis Root, 1 liang)
Fu Zi (Prepared Aconite Root, 2 pieces)
Hou Po (Magnolia Bark, 2 liang)
Long Gu (Fossilized Bones/Mammal Teeth, 1 liang)
Huang Qi (Astragalus Root, 1 liang)
Chi Xiao Dou (Adzuki Bean, 5 he, roasted)
These fifteen ingredients are ground into a powder. Take one Fang Cun Bi (square-inch scoop) with wine, three times daily and once at night. (Note: *Fan Wang Fang* states: Without wine, the medicinal power cannot be disseminated.)
*Guang Ji Fang* (Broad Rescue Formulas) treats Fa Bei toxic heat caused by Zhong Ru Shi and Wu Shi:
Huang Qin (Scutellaria Root, 3 liang)
Bai Ya Shi (White Duck Droppings, 5 he)
Bai Lian (Bletilla Tuber, one handful)
Xiang Chi (Prepared Soybean, 5 he)
Chop finely, boil in six Sheng of water to obtain two Sheng. Divide into three warm doses.
*Jing Xin Fang* treats Fa Bei:
Apply cold stone compresses to the swollen area. Verified efficacy.
Another prescription: Apply horse manure; replace when dry. Also effective for women's breast carbuncles (Ru Yong).
*Fan Wang Fang* treats Fa Bei and various carbuncles, whether ulcerated or not:
Crush fermented soybeans (Chi) with a small amount of water to form a thick mud paste, shaped into cakes slightly larger than the swelling and about three fen thick. Leave any existing sore openings uncovered to allow drainage. Apply moxibustion around the bean cake using mugwort. Replace the cake when it dries or becomes too hot, aiming for intense heat to slough off necrotic skin. The carbuncle pain should soon decrease, bringing relief. Moxibustion may last one, two, or three days, during which fluid will discharge from the sore openings. (*Qian Jin Fang* agrees with this method.)
Wang Bu Liu Xing San (Wangbuliuxing Powder) for treating carbuncles:
Wang Bu Liu Xing (Vaccaria Seed, 2 Sheng, powdered)
Gan Cao (Licorice Root, 5 liang)
Ye Ge (Kudzu Root, 2 liang)
Gui Xin (Cinnamon Twig Heart, 4 fen)
Dang Gui (Angelica Sinensis Root, 4 liang)
These five ingredients are ground, mixed, and sifted. Take one Fang Cun Bi with wine, three times daily and once at night.
*Ge Shi Fang* treats carbuncles on the back, abdomen, groin, and hidden areas, or multiple sores on the body:
Burn dry cow dung, grind finely, sieve through double-layer silk. Mix with egg white and apply; replace when dry. This is a secret formula. (*Liu Juan Zi Fang* agrees.)
Another prescription: Use Deer Horn, Gui Xin (Cinnamon Twig Heart), and Ji Shi Bai (Chicken Vomit/Excrement). Roast them separately, mix, grind, and apply with egg white. This is a secret formula.
Another prescription: Grind fresh Gua Lou Gen (Trichosanthes Root) finely, mix with Ku Jiu (Bitter Vinegar/Wine), apply, and replace when dry.
Another prescription: Applying Chi Xiao Dou (Adzuki Bean) is also beneficial.
*Liu Juan Zi* treats early-stage Fa Bei with redness:
Apply moxibustion to the red area for one hundred Zhu.
Another prescription: Crush Zhu Gen (Ramie Root), dilute with a little water, and apply thinly.
Another prescription: Mix Zao Huang Tu (Stove Yellow Earth/Zao Xin Tu) with egg white and apply.
Another prescription: Use peaches that have not fallen from the tree, powder them, mix with good Ku Jiu (Bitter Vinegar/Wine), and apply. Excellent.
Also said: To promote rapid suppuration: Grind Ban Xia (Pinellia Tuber) with water, mix with egg white, and apply. This can also cause the swelling to dissipate.