风温者，其人素伤于风，复伤于热，风热相搏故也。其症四肢不收，头疼身热，常自汗出，治在少阴、厥
阴。仲景曰、汗出身热者为风温，治宜辛凉，疏风解热为主，切不可汗，汗之则发谵语，又不可下，下之
则小便难，更不可温针，温针则耳聋而难言矣。
湿温汗之名重暍，风温汗之多致死，但取小汗，清解表里为佳。
冬温者，冬感温气而成，实时行之气也。何者。冬令严寒而反温热，人触冒之，名曰冬温。冬温之病，与
伤寒大异，以温则气泄，是失其闭藏之令矣，故古人用补中益气带表药以治之。
温毒者，或冬令严寒，触冒寒邪，待天气暄热而发。或伤寒之热未已，再遇温热，变为温毒。温毒为病
最重也，治宜寒凉大解其热。若邪热日深，毒气不泄，发为瘾疹斑斓与时气发斑，其病尤重，或升麻
葛根汤，或化斑汤治之。
中暍者，夏月所得热病也，与伤寒相类，与热病相同。其症身热大渴，自汗烦躁，不甚恶寒，身体疼痛
者是也。盖中暍者热伤太阳经，中暑者热伤心脾经也。虽与伤寒相似，切不可作伤寒治之。然手足
虽冷，脉息虽虚，又不可用热，宜清心利小便，或用清暑之药可也。
活人书曰、夏日有四症，伤寒伤风，脉症互见，中暑热病，疑似难明。然脉紧恶寒，谓之伤寒。脉缓恶风，谓之伤
风。脉盛壮热，谓之热病。脉虚身热，谓之伤暑。医者可不明辨。又有饥饱劳役之症，以致肌肤燥热，大渴引饮，
面红目赤，脉洪而虚，重按全无者，此血虚发热也。症类白虎，惟脉不长实为异耳，?服白虎汤者必死，故东
垣用当归补血汤治之。嗟乎，中暑果类伤寒矣，殊不知有类中暑者，可不慎欤。
风温病，是因为患者平时已经受到风邪侵袭，再次感受热邪，风邪与热邪相互搏结所致。其症状表现为四肢无力无法收持，头痛且身体发热，经常自发出汗，治疗应针对少阴经和厥阴经进行调理。张仲景说：出汗后仍然身热的属于风温病，治疗应当以辛凉之法为主，疏风清热，千万不可使用发汗法，若误用发汗法会导致出现胡言乱语的症状；也不可使用攻下法，若误用攻下法会导致小便困难；更不可使用温针疗法，若误用温针会导致耳聋且难以言语。
湿温病的名称容易与“中暍”混淆，风温病若误治导致大汗淋漓则多致死，因此治疗只宜取微汗，以清解表里之邪为最佳。
冬温病，是在冬季感受了温热之气而形成的，这属于时行疫病的一种。为什么呢？因为冬季本应是严寒气候，却反而出现温热天气，人如果触犯冒犯这种气候，就称为冬温。冬温病与伤寒病大不相同，因为温热之气会导致腠理开泄，这是违背了冬季闭藏的生理规律，所以古人常用补中益气汤配合解表药物来治疗它。
温毒病，有的是在冬季严寒之时，触犯了寒邪，等到天气变得温暖炎热时才发作；有的是伤寒的热势尚未消退，又再次遇到温热之气，从而转变为温毒。温毒作为疾病是最严重的，治疗应当使用寒凉药物大力解除热毒。如果邪热日益深入，毒气不能宣泄，就会引发瘾疹、斑疹以及与时行疫病相似的发斑症状，这种情况病情尤为严重，可以使用升麻葛根汤或化斑汤进行治疗。
中暍（中暑），是夏季所患的热病，它与伤寒相似，也与热病相同。其症状表现为身体高热、极度口渴、自然出汗、烦躁不安、不太怕冷、身体疼痛等。大概中暍是热邪损伤了太阳经，而中暑则是热邪损伤了心脾经。虽然它与伤寒相似，但千万不可当作伤寒来治疗。然而，即使患者手脚冰冷，脉象虚弱，也不可施用热性药物，适宜采用清心火、利小便的方法，或者使用清暑的药物即可。
《活人书》说：夏季有四种病症，即伤寒、伤风、中暑、热病，它们的脉象和症状互相交错，容易混淆难以辨明。但是，脉象紧且怕冷的，称为伤寒；脉象缓且怕风的，称为伤风；脉象盛大且壮热的，称为热病；脉象虚弱且身热的，称为伤暑。医生们怎么能不明确辨别呢？又有因饥饿、饱食过度或劳累役使导致的症状，致使肌肤燥热、极度口渴想喝水、面色红赤、眼睛发红、脉象洪大但按之空虚，重按时完全无力的，这是血虚发热。其症状类似白虎汤证，只是脉象不长大充实这一特征不同，如果服用白虎汤必定致死，所以李东垣使用当归补血汤来治疗它。唉！中暑果然类似于伤寒，殊不知还有类似于中暑的病症，难道可以不谨慎吗？
Wind-warmth disease occurs when a person is previously injured by wind pathogen and subsequently injured by heat pathogen, resulting in the struggle between wind and heat. Its symptoms include flaccidity of the four limbs (inability to hold or move them), headache, feverish body, and spontaneous sweating. Treatment should focus on the Shaoyin (Lesser Yin) and Jueyin (Terminal Yin) meridians. Zhang Zhongjing stated: "Those who have sweat but remain feverish suffer from wind-warmth." Treatment should primarily employ acrid-cool methods to disperse wind and resolve heat. One must absolutely avoid diaphoresis (sweating therapy); if misused, it will lead to delirious speech (谵语). One must also avoid purgation; if misused, it will cause difficulty in urination. Furthermore, warm needle therapy must not be used; if misused, it will result in deafness and difficulty in speaking.
The name "damp-warmth" is easily confused with "heat-stroke" (Zhongye). Wind-warmth, if treated incorrectly leading to profuse sweating, often results in death. Therefore, treatment should only aim for slight sweating, with clearing and resolving exterior and interior pathogens being the best approach.
Winter-warmth disease arises from contracting warm qi during winter; it belongs to the category of epidemic diseases. Why? Because winter should be extremely cold, yet warmth prevails instead. If people are exposed to this climate, it is named winter-warmth. Winter-warmth disease differs significantly from cold damage (Shanghan). Since warmth causes the leakage of qi, it violates the command of closure and storage inherent to winter. Thus, ancient practitioners used Buzhong Yiqi Tang (Tonify the Middle and Augment the Qi Decoction) combined with exterior-releasing herbs to treat it.
Warm-toxin disease may occur when one contracts cold pathogen during the severe cold of winter, which manifests only when the weather becomes warm and hot later. Alternatively, it may transform from cold damage where the heat has not yet subsided, and the patient encounters warm-heat again, transforming into warm-toxin. Warm-toxin is the most severe among these diseases. Treatment should employ cold and cool substances to vigorously resolve the heat. If evil heat deepens day by day and toxin qi fails to vent, it may manifest as macules (Yinzhen), mottled rashes, or skin eruptions similar to those seen in seasonal epidemics. This condition is particularly severe and can be treated with Shengma Gegen Tang (Cimicifugae and Puerariae Root Decoction) or Huaban Tang (Transform Spot Decoction).
Zhongye (summerheat stroke) is a heat disease contracted in summer. It resembles cold damage and is identical to heat disease. Its symptoms include high fever, extreme thirst, spontaneous sweating, irritability, mild aversion to cold, and body pain. Generally, Zhongye involves heat injuring the Taiyang (Greater Yang) meridian, whereas Zhongshu (heatstroke) involves heat injuring the Heart and Spleen meridians. Although similar to cold damage, it must absolutely not be treated as such. However, even if the hands and feet are cold and the pulse is deficient, hot therapies must not be used. Instead, clearing the heart and promoting urination is appropriate, or using heat-clearing and summerheat-resolving herbs is acceptable.
The *Huoren Shu* (Book of Living People) states: "In summer, there are four conditions: cold damage, wind injury, heatstroke, and heat disease. Their pulses and symptoms overlap, making them difficult to distinguish clearly. However, a tight pulse with aversion to cold is called cold damage. A slow pulse with aversion to wind is called wind injury. A surging pulse with high fever is called heat disease. A deficient pulse with feverish body is called summerheat injury. How can physicians fail to distinguish these clearly?" There are also symptoms caused by hunger, overeating, or labor strain, leading to dry-hot skin, extreme thirst with desire to drink, red face, red eyes, and a flooding pulse that feels empty upon pressing, completely vanishing under heavy pressure. This is deficiency-fire due to blood deficiency. The symptoms resemble the Baihu Tang syndrome, differing only in that the pulse is not long and solid. Taking Baihu Tang (White Tiger Decoction) will certainly lead to death; therefore, Li Dongyuan used Danggui Buxue Tang (Angelica Sinensis Tonifying Blood Decoction) to treat it. Alas! Heatstroke indeed resembles cold damage, but one must not fail to realize that there are conditions resembling heatstroke. Can one not be cautious?