悸者，心中筑筑然动，而不能自安，即名怔忡，此属心，心虚、故筑然而动，若人捕焉。然悸症有九，其治
法惟三。一曰、气虚，因发表太过，气衰神弱，心虚不能自持。二曰、水停心下，水气乘心，心火畏水不能
安。三曰、汗为心液，汗之过多，液去心空，无所倚根据。各从症治，或养神，或补气，或温经分水可也。
振者，耸然动摇者是也。盖汗吐下太过，使气血虚而作。伤寒振者责其虚寒，至于欲汗之时，其人素
虚，必蒸蒸而振却发热，汗出而解。振、近战者也，而轻者为振矣。战则正与邪争，争则鼓栗而战，振则
虚而不至争，故止耸动而振也。下后复发汗者振寒，谓其表里俱虚也。血家发汗，寒栗而振者，谓其
气血俱虚也。诸如此者，都是振耸耳。兹若振振欲擗地，有声为振摇，二者皆发汗过多之阳经虚，不
能主持，身为振摇也，非振栗之比，皆用温经助阳滋血益气之剂。一说、气血俱虚，不能营养筋骨，身
不能主持，故为振摇也。须大补气血，曾用人参养营汤数服甚效。有一人身摇不得眠，以十昧温胆
汤倍用人参得效，
战栗者，阴阳相争，肢体振动是也。经曰、战者身为之战摇，栗则心战是也。形虽相似，实非一也。既分
为二，更有内外之别焉。战者，外也，属阳。栗者，内也，属阴。邪气外与正气争，则为战，战其愈者也。邪气
内与正气争，则为栗，栗为甚者也。战者正气盛，栗者邪气胜也。一云、战之与振，振轻而战重也。战之
与栗，战外而栗内也。昧者通以为战栗，非也。伤寒六七日，欲解时，必发战而汗解也。战则正气胜，故
得汗而解。栗则不战，而但心战，摇头鼓颔，遂成寒逆，此阴气内胜，正气虚极，不能胜邪，宜姜附四逆
汤以救之，故经曰、阴中于邪内必栗也。正气内实，邪不能争，则便汗出而不发战。若邪气欲出，其人
本虚，邪与正争则为振，甚则为战，战已发热汗而解矣。若正不胜邪，虽战无汗，为难治。若至半日
或至夜有汗，亦解也。七日，或十四日，或五日，或十一日，忽然身寒鼓颔战栗，急与姜米汤热饮，以助
阳气，须臾战止汗出而解矣。
悸，是指心中悸动不安，无法自我安宁，也就是所谓的“怔忡”。这属于心脏的问题，因为心气虚弱，所以出现这种悸动感，就像被人捕捉一样惊恐。然而，心悸的症状有九种，但其治疗方法只有三种。第一种是气虚，由于发汗解表太过，导致气衰神弱，心气虚弱不能自主；第二种是水饮停聚在心下，水气侵犯心脏，心火畏惧水邪而不能安宁；第三种是汗为心之液，发汗过多，导致津液耗损、心体空虚，无所依托。应当根据具体症状进行治疗，或者养心安神，或者补益元气，或者温通经脉、分利水湿即可。
振，是指身体耸动摇晃的状态。这通常是由于发汗、催吐或泻下太过，导致气血亏虚而引起的。在伤寒病中，出现“振”的现象要责之于虚寒。当病人想要出汗的时候，如果其人素体虚弱，必然会出现先蒸蒸发热、随后寒战，最后出汗而病愈的过程。“振”与“战栗”相近，但程度较轻。“战”是正气与邪气相争，争则全身颤抖；“振”则是因虚所致，尚未达到正邪剧烈相争的程度，所以只是身体耸动而已。如果在泻下之后又发汗，出现恶寒震颤，是因为表里之气都虚弱了。对于失血病人（血家）发汗，出现寒战颤抖，是因为气血俱虚。诸如此类的情况，都是身体的耸动。如果是“振振欲擗地”，即身体剧烈动摇甚至想拍打地面，发出声响，这是发汗过多导致阳经虚弱，不能主持身体，从而引起身体摇动，这与单纯的寒战不同，都需要使用温经助阳、滋养血液、益气剂的方药。另一种说法认为，气血俱虚，不能营养筋骨，身体失去支撑，所以发生摇动。必须大补气血，曾有人使用人参养营汤服用几剂后非常有效。还有一人身摇不止无法入睡，使用十味温胆汤并加倍用人参而获效。
战栗，是指阴阳相互争斗，导致肢体振动。医经说：“战”是身体为之颤抖，“栗”是内心恐惧战栗。虽然外形相似，但实际上并非同一回事。既然分为两种，更有内外之别。“战”属外，归属于阳；“栗”属内，归属于阴。邪气在外部与正气相争，就会表现为“战”，这是病情向愈的表现。邪气在内部与正气相争，就会表现为“栗”，这是病情加重的表现。“战”说明正气旺盛，“栗”说明邪气占上风。还有一种说法认为：战与振相比，振轻而战重；战与栗相比，战在外而栗在内。不明事理的人将它们混为一谈，这是不对的。伤寒病经过六七天，将要痊愈时，必定会先发战然后出汗而解。因为战时正气胜，所以能出汗而解。如果是“栗”，则不战，只是内心战栗，摇头咬牙，进而形成寒逆，这是因为阴气在内占优势，正气极度虚弱，不能战胜邪气，适宜用姜附四逆汤来救治，所以医经说：“阴气受邪于内，必定会出现栗。”如果正气内部充实，邪气不能与之相争，则会直接出汗而不发战。如果邪气想要外出，但病人本身体虚，邪气与正气相争就会表现为“振”，严重时则为“战”，战罢发热出汗而病愈。如果正气不胜邪气，虽然发战但没有出汗，这就难以治疗。如果到了半天或夜间有汗出，也能痊愈。如果是第七日，或第十四日，或第五日，或第十一日，突然身体寒冷、咬牙战栗，应立即给予热姜米汤饮用，以辅助阳气，片刻之后战止汗出而病愈。
Palpitation (Ji) refers to a sensation of trembling and unrest in the heart, where one cannot feel at ease; it is also known as Zhengchong (Palpitations with anxiety). This condition belongs to the Heart. Due to Heart Qi deficiency, there is this trembling sensation, resembling the fear of being caught. However, although there are nine types of palpitation symptoms, their treatment methods can be categorized into three. The first is Qi deficiency: excessive sweating/venting may lead to depleted Qi and weak Shen (Spirit), causing the Heart Qi to be too weak to maintain control. The second is fluid retention below the heart: water qi invades the Heart, and the Heart Fire fears the water, preventing peace. The third is related to sweat: sweat is the fluid of the Heart; excessive sweating depletes fluids, leaving the Heart empty and without support. Treatment should follow the specific symptoms: either nourishing the Shen, or tonifying Qi, or warming the meridians and separating/drainage of fluids.
Tremor (Zhen) refers to the body shaking and swaying. It is generally caused by excessive sweating, vomiting, or purging, which leads to a deficiency of Qi and Blood. In Shanghan (Cold Damage) diseases, tremor indicates deficiency and cold. When a patient is about to sweat, if they have a constitutionally weak state, they will experience intense heat followed by chills, and finally resolve through sweating. "Zhen" is close to "Chanli" (Shivering and trembling), but is milder. "Chan" involves a struggle between righteous Qi (Zhengqi) and pathogenic factors (Xieqi); this struggle causes full-body shivering. "Zhen," however, results from deficiency without reaching the stage of intense struggle, manifesting merely as body shaking. If sweating is performed after purging, resulting in cold tremors, it indicates that both exterior and interior are deficient. For patients with blood disorders who undergo sweating, leading to cold shivering, it indicates a dual deficiency of Qi and Blood. All such cases involve bodily shaking. If the patient exhibits severe shaking, even wanting to beat the ground, accompanied by noise, this is due to excessive sweating damaging Yang meridians, causing them to fail in supporting the body, leading to shaking. This differs from simple shivering/trembling and requires formulas that warm the meridians, assist Yang, nourish blood, and tonify Qi. Another theory states that dual deficiency of Qi and Blood fails to nourish sinews and bones, causing loss of bodily support and shaking. Major tonification of Qi and Blood is required; for instance, Renshen Yangying Tang (Ginseng Nourishing the Ying Decoction) has been used effectively. One case of continuous body shaking preventing sleep was cured using Shiwai Wandan Tang (Ten-Ingredient Phlegm-Calming Decoction) with doubled doses of Renshen (Ginseng).
Shivering and Trembling (Chanli) refers to limb vibration caused by the struggle between Yin and Yang. The classics state: "Chan" is the physical shaking of the body, while "Li" is the internal mental trembling/fear. Although similar in appearance, they are distinct. Furthermore, there is a distinction between interior and exterior. "Chan" is external and belongs to Yang; "Li" is internal and belongs to Yin. When pathogenic factors struggle with righteous Qi externally, it manifests as "Chan," which indicates recovery. When pathogenic factors struggle internally, it manifests as "Li," indicating worsening of the condition. "Chan" suggests strong righteous Qi, whereas "Li" suggests victorious pathogens. Some argue that compared to Zhen, Chan is more severe; compared to Li, Chan is external while Li is internal. Confusing Chan and Li is incorrect. In Shanghan disease, around the seventh day, when resolution is imminent, the patient must first shiver (Chan) before sweating resolves the illness. Because righteous Qi prevails during Chan, sweating occurs and the disease resolves. If it is "Li," there is no external shivering, only internal mental trembling, head nodding, and jaw clenching, leading to cold reversal. This is due to internal Yin excess and extreme deficiency of righteous Qi, unable to overcome pathogens; Jiangfu Sini Tang (Ginger and Aconite Counterflow Decoction) should be used to rescue the situation. Thus, the classics say: "When Yin is attacked by pathogens internally, Li occurs." If righteous Qi is internally solid, pathogens cannot struggle, and sweating occurs without shivering. If pathogens attempt to exit but the patient is inherently weak, the struggle manifests as Zhen; if severe, it becomes Chan. After Chan, fever and sweating resolve the disease. If righteous Qi cannot overcome pathogens, shivering occurs without sweating, making it difficult to treat. If sweating occurs within half a day or by night, resolution is possible. On the fifth, seventh, eleventh, or fourteenth day, sudden coldness, jaw clenching, and shivering require immediate administration of hot Ginger-Rice Soup to assist Yang Qi; shortly after, shivering stops, sweating occurs, and the disease resolves.