阴症而发躁者，亦如发狂状，实非狂也。其病初起无头疼，但躁烦欲坐泥水井中，或欲阴凉处坐，躁
乱不心 ，此阴极发躁者也。但手足逆冷，脉沈细，虽烦渴不能饮水者，为异也。用霹雳散治之，更须冷
服。甚则身发微热面赤戴阳，足冷烦躁，脉数无力，乃里寒下虚，虚阳伏阴所致，宜人参四逆汤冷服。
欲医乃以面赤身热而误作阳狂实热，反成大害者，有心矣。须用凉水半盏试之，入口即吐出而不
纳者是也。又须详脉，脉来有力无力者。此为良法。
发斑者，盖因伤寒当下失下，邪热蕴蓄于胃而致。不当下而下早，邪热乘虚入胃。又有阳症误服热
药者，热极焦腐而至。若汗下后热不解，足冷耳聋，烦闷欲呕，便是发斑之症。然斑症有二，一曰温毒
发斑，二曰热病发斑，皆邪热伤血，血热不散，发于皮肤，轻为瘾疹，重为锦纹也。俱用化斑汤主之。切
不可发汗，汗则重令开泄，更增斑斓也。大抵身温足暖，脉洪数者，为顺。身凉足冷，脉微细者，为逆。如
红润起发者，吉。稠密成片者，凶。微者赤斑，五死一生。甚者黑斑，十死一生。夫斑之方萌，与蚊迹相似，
然发斑多见胸腹，蚊迹只见于手足。又脉来洪大，其人昏愦，先红后赤者，斑也。脉不洪大，病人自静，
先红后黄者，蚊迹也。
阴证出现躁动的，也像发狂的样子，但实际上并不是真正的发狂。这种病初起时没有头痛，只是烦躁不安，想要坐在泥水井中，或者想坐在阴凉的地方，躁动混乱而心神不宁，这是阴极导致的虚阳外越之躁动。不同的是手足逆冷，脉象沉细，虽然感到烦渴但不能饮水。对此用霹雳散治疗，并且必须冷服。病情严重的会出现身体微热、面色潮红（戴阳证），脚冷烦躁，脉数但无力，这是里寒下虚，虚阳潜伏于阴寒之中所致，适宜用人参四逆汤并冷服。有些医生因为看到面赤身热就误认为是阳证发狂和实热，反而造成大害，这种情况是有的。需要用半盏凉水来试探，如果入口即吐出而不肯咽下的，就是阴躁证。还必须详细诊察脉象，看脉来是有力的还是无力的。这是良好的诊断方法。
发斑症，大概是因为伤寒应当用下法却未用下法，导致邪热蕴结在胃中而引起。不应当用下法却过早使用下法，邪热乘虚进入胃中。又有阳证误服热药的，因热极导致血肉焦腐而发生。如果在发汗或攻下之后热势仍未解除，足冷耳聋，烦闷欲呕，这就是发斑的症状。然而发斑症有两种，一种是温毒发斑，一种是热病发斑，都是因为邪热损伤血分，血热郁滞不散，发于皮肤，轻的表现为瘾疹，重的表现为锦纹样斑点。都使用化斑汤为主进行治疗。切不可使用发汗法，发汗会进一步使腠理开泄，加重斑点的显现。大体上，身体温暖、足部暖和，脉象洪数的，为顺证。身体凉、足冷，脉象微细的，为逆证。如斑点红润隆起的，为吉兆。稠密连成一片的，为凶兆。轻微的红色斑点，预后五死一生；严重的黑色斑点，预后十死一生。斑点刚萌发时，与蚊子叮咬的痕迹相似，但是发斑多见于胸腹部，而蚊子叮咬的痕迹只见于手足。另外，脉象洪大，病人神志昏乱，斑点先红后赤的，是发斑。脉象不洪大，病人安静，斑点先红后黄的，是蚊子叮咬的痕迹。
In cases of Yin syndrome presenting with restlessness, the patient may appear similar to one suffering from mania (madness), but it is not true mania. At the onset, there is no headache; instead, the patient experiences irritability and a desire to sit in muddy wells or in cool places, exhibiting chaotic restlessness without mental clarity. This is termed "restlessness due to extreme Yin" (extreme Yin leading to floating Yang). The distinguishing features are cold extremities, a deep and fine pulse, and despite feelings of irritability and thirst, an inability or unwillingness to drink water. Treat this with Pili San (Thunderbolt Powder), which must be taken cold. In severe cases, slight fever, facial redness (floating Yang syndrome), cold feet, restlessness, and a rapid but forceless pulse occur. This results from interior cold and deficiency at the lower jiao, causing deficient Yang to be trapped within Yin. Ren Shen Si Ni Tang (Ginseng Decoction for Reversing Cold) should be administered cold. Some physicians mistakenly diagnose facial redness and body heat as Yang mania or excess heat, causing great harm. A diagnostic test involves offering half a cup of cool water; if the patient vomits it immediately upon entering the mouth and refuses to swallow, it confirms Yin restlessness. Furthermore, carefully examine the pulse to determine if it is forceful or forceless. This is a sound method.
Erythema (macules/rash) generally arises because Shaoyang disease required purgation but was not treated with it, allowing pathogenic heat to accumulate in the Stomach. Alternatively, premature purgation allows pathogenic heat to enter the Stomach via deficiency. It can also result from administering hot medicines erroneously to Yang syndrome cases, where extreme heat causes tissue corruption. If fever persists after sweating or purging, accompanied by cold feet, deafness, irritability, and nausea, these are symptoms of erythema. There are two types of erythema: one caused by Warm Toxicity (Wen Du) and the other by Febrile Disease. Both result from pathogenic heat injuring the Blood level, causing blood heat to stagnate and manifest on the skin. Mild cases present as urticaria-like rashes (yin zhen), while severe cases present as brocade-patterned macules. Huaban Tang (Macule-Transforming Decoction) is the primary formula for both. Sweating methods must strictly be avoided, as they further open the pores and exacerbate the rash. Generally, warmth of the body and feet with a surging and rapid pulse indicates a favorable prognosis (Shun). Coolness of the body and feet with a faint and fine pulse indicates an unfavorable prognosis (Ni). Red, raised, and bright macules are auspicious; dense, confluent macules are ominous. Mild red macules suggest a mortality rate of five deaths to one survival; severe black macules suggest ten deaths to one survival. When first appearing, macules resemble mosquito bites, but macules typically appear on the chest and abdomen, whereas mosquito bites are limited to the hands and feet. Additionally, if the pulse is surging and large, the patient is confused, and the spots turn from red to dark red, it is erythema. If the pulse is not surging and large, the patient is calm, and the marks turn from red to yellow, they are merely mosquito bites.