当归（去土） 芍药（炒） 桂枝（各三两） 细辛（去土） 甘草（炙） 通草（各
二两） 大枣
（廿五枚） 吴茱萸（三钱，泡） 生姜（六钱）
论曰∶若其人内有久寒者，当归四逆加吴茱萸生姜汤主之。
此承上文言，虽有手足厥寒，脉细欲绝证候，若其人内有久寒，则加吴茱萸、生姜以散
久寒而行阳气。曰久寒者，陈久之寒，非时下直中之寒也明矣。
桂枝（三两，净洗） 芍药（六两，炒） 甘草（二两） 生姜（二两） 大枣（十二
枚）
本太阳病，医反下之，因而腹满时痛者，属太阴也，桂枝加芍药汤主之。
表证未罢，而医下之，邪乘里虚，当作结胸，今不作结胸，而作腹满时痛，是属于太阴
。里气不和，故腹满时痛耳。时痛者，有时而痛，非大实之痛也，故但与桂枝汤以解表，加
芍药以和里。
桂枝 芍药 生姜（各三两） 甘草（二两） 大枣（十二枚） 大黄（一两）
表证未罢，因误下而大实痛者，此方主之。
大凡表证未罢，仍当解表，若误下以虚其里，则余邪乘虚而入，内作大实痛。曰大实痛
，则非有时而痛者可例矣；故前方但倍芍药，而此则加大黄。加大黄者，取其苦寒能荡实也。
论又曰∶太阴为病，脉弱，其人续自便利，设当行大黄、芍药者，宜减之，以其人胃气弱，
易动故也。则夫俗医不辨虚实，而执方治病者，皆仲景之罪人矣！
当归（去除泥土杂质） 芍药（炒制） 桂枝（各三两） 细辛（去除泥土杂质） 甘草（炙烤） 通草（各二两） 大枣（二十五枚） 吴茱萸（三钱，浸泡处理） 生姜（六钱）
论述说：如果患者体内有陈久的寒邪，应当使用当归四逆加吴茱萸生姜汤来主治。
这是承接上文所说的，虽然出现了手足厥冷、脉象细微几乎摸不到的证候，但如果患者体内有陈久的寒邪，就加入吴茱萸和生姜，以驱散久寒并推动阳气运行。所谓“久寒”，是指陈久之前的寒邪，而不是当下直接中伤人体的寒邪，这已经很明白了。
桂枝（三两，洗净） 芍药（六两，炒制） 甘草（二两） 生姜（二两） 大枣（十二枚）
原本是太阳病（外感风寒初期病证），医生反而使用了攻下法，导致腹部胀满、间歇性疼痛的，属于太阴病（脾虚寒湿证），应当使用桂枝加芍药汤来主治。
表证的邪气尚未解除，医生却使用了攻下法，邪气乘里气虚弱而入，本应形成结胸证（水热互结于胸膈的病证），现在没有形成结胸，而是出现腹部胀满、间歇性疼痛，这是归属于太阴病。因为里气不和，所以出现腹部胀满和间歇性疼痛。所谓的“时痛”，是指有时疼痛，并非大实大痛的剧烈疼痛，因此只给予桂枝汤来解表，加入芍药来调和里气。
桂枝 芍药 生姜（各三两） 甘草（二两） 大枣（十二枚） 大黄（一两）
表证的邪气尚未解除，因为误用攻下法而导致腹部剧烈持续疼痛的，此方主治。
大凡表证尚未解除，仍然应当先解表，如果误用攻下法使里气虚弱，那么残余的邪气就会乘虚而入，在体内造成严重的实痛。既然称为“大实痛”，那就不是偶尔疼痛的情况可以相比的了；因此前面的方子只是加倍使用芍药，而这个方子则加入了大黄。加入大黄的原因，是取其苦寒之性能荡涤实邪。
论述又说：太阴病表现为脉象微弱，患者持续自行大便通畅，假如必须使用大黄、芍药的，应当减少剂量，因为患者的胃气虚弱，容易因药物而动摇肠胃。那么那些世俗的医生不辨别虚实，却固执地套用方剂治病的人，都是张仲景的罪人啊！
Radix Angelicae Sinensis (Danggui, 当归) [cleansed of soil], Radix Paeoniae Alba (Baishao, 白芍) [stir-fried], Ramulus Cinnamomi (Guizhi, 桂枝) [each 3 liang], Herba Asari (Xixin, 细辛) [cleansed of soil], Radix Glycyrrhizae Preparata (Zhigancao, 炙甘草), Caulis Tetrastigminis (Tongcao, 通草) [each 2 liang], Fructus Jujubae (Dazao, 大枣) [25 pieces], Fructus Evodiae (Wuzhuyu, 吴茱萸) [3 qian, soaked], Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens (Shengjiang, 生姜) [6 qian].
Discussion: If the patient has chronic cold retained within, Danggui Sini Decoction plus Wuzhuyu and Shengjiang should be used as the primary treatment.
This statement follows the preceding text. Although there are symptoms of cold extremities and a fine pulse nearly imperceptible, if the patient harbors chronic cold internally, Wu Zhu Yu (Evodia Fruit) and Sheng Jiang (Fresh Ginger Root) are added to dispel the long-standing cold and promote the flow of Yang Qi. The term "chronic cold" refers to cold accumulated over a long period, not cold that directly attacks the body at the present moment; this is clear.
Ramulus Cinnamomi (Guizhi, 桂枝) [3 liang, washed clean], Radix Paeoniae Alba (Baishao, 白芍) [6 liang, stir-fried], Radix Glycyrrhizae (Gancao, 甘草) [2 liang], Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens (Shengjiang, 生姜) [2 liang], Fructus Jujubae (Dazao, 大枣) [12 pieces].
Originally, this was a Taiyang disease (disease of the Taiyang channel). The physician erroneously applied purgation, resulting in abdominal fullness and intermittent pain. This belongs to Taiyin disease (disease of the Taiyin channel), and Guizhi Jia Shaoyao Tang (Cinnamon Twig Decoction plus White Peony Root) should be used.
The exterior syndrome has not yet resolved, yet the physician used purgation. The pathogenic factor entered due to interior deficiency. One might expect it to form a Jie Xiong syndrome (chest binding syndrome); however, it did not form Jie Xiong but instead presented with abdominal fullness and intermittent pain, indicating an affiliation with Taiyin. Because the interior Qi is disharmonious, abdominal fullness and intermittent pain occur. "Intermittent pain" means pain that comes and goes, not the severe pain of excess accumulation. Therefore, only Guizhi Tang (Cinnamon Twig Decoction) is given to resolve the exterior, and Shaoyao (White Peony Root) is added to harmonize the interior.
Ramulus Cinnamomi (Guizhi, 桂枝), Radix Paeoniae Alba (Baishao, 白芍), Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens (Shengjiang, 生姜) [each 3 liang], Radix Glycyrrhizae (Gancao, 甘草) [2 liang], Fructus Jujubae (Dazao, 大枣) [12 pieces], Radix et Rhizoma Rhei (Dahuang, 大黄) [1 liang].
When the exterior syndrome has not yet resolved, and severe, persistent abdominal pain occurs due to erroneous purgation, this formula is indicated.
Generally, when the exterior syndrome has not resolved, the exterior should still be resolved first. If purgation is erroneously used, causing interior deficiency, residual pathogens will enter through the deficiency and cause severe internal excess pain. Since it is termed "severe excess pain," it cannot be categorized as mere intermittent pain; thus, while the previous formula merely doubled the dosage of Shaoyao (White Peony Root), this formula adds Dahuang (Rhubarb Root). Dahuang is added for its bitter-cold property, which can purge excess accumulation.
The discussion further states: In Taiyin disease, the pulse is weak, and the patient continues to have spontaneous loose stools. If one must use Dahuang (Rhubarb Root) or Shaoyao (White Peony Root), their dosages should be reduced because the patient's Stomach Qi is weak and easily disturbed. Thus, those worldly physicians who fail to distinguish between excess and deficiency yet rigidly apply formulas to treat diseases are sinners against Zhang Zhongjing!