（仲景）
治伤寒热利下重，欲饮水者（此伤寒转利之证也，仲景见于厥阴篇。欲饮水与渴不同∶
渴但津干；欲水是阴分为火所灼，欲得凉以解之也，不可过与。利与痢不同；利者泻也。阳
热之利
得凉
白头翁（二两） 秦皮 黄连 黄柏（三两。）
此足阳明、少阴、厥阴药也。白头翁苦寒，能入阳明血分，而凉血止 ；秦皮苦寒性涩
，能凉肝益肾而固下焦（渍水色青，故能入肝除热）；黄连凉心清肝，黄柏泻火补水，并能
燥湿止利而浓肠，取其寒能胜热，苦能坚肾，涩能断下也（成无己曰∶肾欲坚，急食苦以坚
之；利则下焦虚，故以纯苦之剂坚之。徐可忠曰∶此主热利下重，乃热伤气，气下陷而重也；
陷下则伤阴，阴伤则血热，虽后重而不用调气之药，病不在气耳。周扬俊曰∶邪传厥阴，少
（《千金》）
治肾热耳流脓血，不闻人声（耳为肾窍，舌为心窍，以舌非孔窍，故心亦寄窍于耳。十
二
上走
风邪
塞耳
磁石（ 红，淬七次） 牡蛎（盐水煮， 粉） 白术（炒，五两） 麦冬 芍药（四
两） 甘
此足少阴药也。磁石体重、辛咸、色黑，补肾祛热，通耳明目，故以为君；牡蛎咸寒，
软痰破结；生地大寒，泻火滋肾；麦冬、甘草补肺清金（肺为肾母，又声属金。王太仆曰∶
肺虚则少气不能报息而耳聋，白芍酸寒，平肝和血经曰∶肝病气逆则耳聋不聪。又曰∶耳得
血而能听），皆能生水而制火，退热而敛阴。白术、甘草、大枣补脾之品，益土气正以制肾
邪也土（能防水，经曰∶头痛耳鸣，九窍不利，肠胃之所生也）；数者皆固本之药，使精气
充足，邪热
（张仲景）
治疗伤寒引起的热性痢疾，伴有肛门坠胀感，想要喝水的症状。（这是伤寒转化为下利的证候，张仲景在《厥阴篇》中有所记载。想要喝水与口渴不同：口渴仅仅是津液干燥；想要喝水是因为阴分被火热灼烧，需要凉润来解除，因此不能过量给予。下利与痢疾不同：下利指的是腹泻。）
白头翁（二两） 秦皮 黄连 黄柏（三两）
这是作用于足阳明经、足少阴经和足厥阴经的药物。白头翁味苦性寒，能进入阳明经的血分，起到凉血止泻的作用；秦皮味苦性寒且性质涩滞，能凉肝益肾并固摄下焦（水渍颜色为青，所以能入肝清除热邪）；黄连能清心火、清肝火，黄柏能泻火补水，两者都能燥湿止泻并使肠道厚实，取其寒性能胜热，苦性能坚肾，涩性能止泻的功效。（成无己说：肾气欲坚固，急需食用苦味药物来坚固它；下利导致下焦虚弱，所以用纯苦味的药剂来坚固它。徐可忠说：此方主治热性痢疾伴肛门坠重，是热邪损伤气机，气机下陷所致；气机下陷会伤及阴分，阴分受伤则血热，虽然出现后重症状但不使用调气药，因为病不在气分。周扬俊说：邪气传入厥阴，少阳……）
（《千金方》）
治疗肾热导致的耳部流脓血，听不见声音。（耳朵是肾的窍道，舌头是心的窍道，因为舌头不是孔窍，所以心也寄居窍道于耳。十二经脉……向上走……风邪……堵塞耳窍……）
磁石（红色，淬炼七次） 牡蛎（盐水煮，研粉） 白术（炒制，五两） 麦冬 芍药（四两） 甘草……
这是作用于足少阴经的药物。磁石质地沉重、味辛咸、色黑，能补肾祛热，通利耳窍明目，所以作为君药；牡蛎味咸性寒，能软化痰结、破除郁结；生地黄大寒，能泻火滋肾；麦冬、甘草能补肺气、清肺金（肺为肾之母，且声音属金。王太仆说：肺气虚则气短，不能深呼吸而耳聋；白芍味酸寒，能平肝和血，《内经》说：肝气上逆则耳聋不聪。又说：耳朵得到血液滋养才能听见），这些药物都能滋生肾水而制约心火，退热而收敛阴液。白术、甘草、大枣是补脾的药物，通过增强土气来制约肾邪（土能防水，《内经》说：头痛耳鸣，九窍不通利，是由肠胃问题产生的）；这些药物都是固本之药，使精气充足，邪热……
(Zhang Zhongjing)
Treats heat-type dysentery (Re Li, a type of dysentery characterized by heat and tenesmus) caused by Shanghan (Cold Damage), accompanied by a sensation of heaviness in the anus and a desire to drink water. (This is a syndrome where Shanghan transforms into diarrhea/dysentery, recorded by Zhang Zhongjing in the Jueyin Chapter. The desire to drink differs from thirst: thirst is merely dryness of body fluids; the desire to drink occurs because Yin division is scorched by fire, requiring cooling to resolve, thus it should not be over-administered. "Li" (diarrhea/dysentery) differs from "Li Ji" (dysentery with pus/blood); "Li" refers to diarrhea.)
Baitouweng (Radix Pulsatillae, 2 liang) Qinpi (Cortex Fraxini) Huanglian (Rhizoma Coptidis) Huangbai (Cortex Phellodendri, 3 liang).
These are herbs acting on the Foot-Yangming, Foot-Shaoyin, and Foot-Jueyin meridians. Baitouweng is bitter and cold, entering the Blood division of the Yangming meridian to cool blood and stop diarrhea; Qinpi is bitter, cold, and astringent, cooling the Liver, benefiting the Kidney, and securing the Lower Jiao (since water infusion appears green, it enters the Liver to remove heat); Huanglian cools the Heart and clears the Liver, while Huangbai drains fire and nourishes water; both can dry dampness, stop diarrhea, and thicken the intestines, utilizing their cold nature to overcome heat, bitter nature to firm the Kidney, and astringent nature to stop downward flow. (Cheng Wuji stated: The Kidney desires firmness, so one must urgently eat bitter substances to firm it; diarrhea causes deficiency in the Lower Jiao, hence pure bitter agents are used to firm it. Xu Kezhong stated: This formula primarily treats heat-type dysentery with tenesmus, which is due to heat damaging Qi, causing Qi to sink and resulting in heaviness; sinking damages Yin, and damaged Yin leads to blood heat. Although tenesmus is present, Qi-regulating herbs are not used because the pathology lies not in Qi but elsewhere. Zhou Yangjun stated: When pathogenic factors transmit to Jueyin, Shaoyang...)
*(Qianjin Fang)*
Treats ear discharge of pus and blood due to Kidney Heat, resulting in deafness. (The ear is the orifice of the Kidney, and the tongue is the orifice of the Heart; since the tongue is not a hollow orifice, the Heart also shares its orifice with the ear. The twelve meridians... ascend... Wind pathogen... obstructs the ear orifice...)
Cishi (Magnetitum, red, quenched seven times) Muli (Concha Ostreae, boiled in salt water, powdered) Baizhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae, stir-fried, 5 liang) Maidong (Radix Ophiopogonis) Shaoyao (Radix Paeoniae Alba, 4 liang) Gancao (Radix Glycyrrhizae)...
These are herbs acting on the Foot-Shaoyin meridian. Cishi is heavy, pungent and salty, black in color, nourishing the Kidney, dispelling heat, unblocking the ear orifice, and brightening the eyes, thus serving as the Sovereign herb; Muli is salty and cold, softening phlegm and breaking stagnation; Shengdihuang (Radix Rehmanniae Preparata) is greatly cold, draining fire and nourishing the Kidney; Maidong and Gancao tonify Lung Qi and clear Lung Metal (the Lung is the mother of the Kidney, and sound belongs to Metal. Wang Taipu stated: Lung deficiency leads to shortness of breath and inability to complete inhalation, causing deafness; Baishao is sour and cold, calming the Liver and harmonizing blood. The Classic states: Liver Qi rebellion causes deafness and poor hearing. It also states: The ears require blood to hear). These herbs all generate Water to control Fire, reduce heat, and consolidate Yin. Baizhu, Gancao, and Dazao are spleen-tonifying herbs; they strengthen Earth Qi to restrain Kidney pathogens (Earth controls Water. The Classic states: Headache, tinnitus, and dysfunction of the nine orifices arise from the stomach and intestines); these are all root-consolidating herbs that ensure sufficient Essence and Qi, thereby restraining pathogenic heat...