孔子曰∶“能近取譬，可谓仁之方也已。”夫仁为心性之学，尚不可以无方，况于百家
众艺，可以无方而能善此乎。诸艺之中，医为尤重，以其为人之司命，而圣人之所以必慎者
也。窃尝思之，凡病必有症，症者，证也，有斯病必形斯候者也。证必有脉，脉者，脏腑经
络、寒热虚实所由分也。有与证相符者，有与证不相符者，必参验之，而后可施治者也，察
脉辨证，而方立焉。方者，一定不可易之名。有是病者，必主是药，非可移游彼此，用之为
尝试者也。
方之祖始于仲景，后人触类扩而充之，不可计殚，然皆不能越仲景之范围。盖前人作法
后人因焉，创始者难为力，后起者易为功，取古人已验之成规而斟酌用之，为效不既易乎。
然
于
方之有解，始于成无己，无己慨仲景之书后人罕识，爰取《伤寒论》而训诂之，诠证
方，
析微
不度
考》
家之
所见
不
或曰∶善师者不陈，得鱼者忘筌，运用之妙，在于一心，何以方为。余曰∶般 不弃规
矩，
而神
取是
康熙壬戍岁阳月休宁 庵汪昂题于延禧堂
一古今方书，至为繁多。然于方前第注治某病某病，而未尝发明受病之因，及病在某经
某络
病之
希矣
惠后
良法
历年
及后
兹仿
言，
一《医方考》因病分门，病分二十门，方凡七百首。然每证不过数方，嫌于方少，一方
而二
三百
不穷
一本集所载，皆中正和平、诸书所共取、人世所常用之方，即间有一二厉剂，亦攻坚泻
热所
又
一古人立方，分两多而药味寡，譬如劲兵，专走一路，则足以破垒擒王矣。后世无前人
之朗
无宜
一仲景《伤寒论》，前人印定眼目，自成无己而外，鲜所发明。陶节庵虽着《伤寒六书
》，
不
也
间
一仲景伤寒诸方，为古今方书之祖，故注释尤加详悉，观者幸勿以其繁而厌之。
一正方之后，系以附方，一则篇章省约，一则便于披寻，且以示前人用药加减之法也。
一时丁衰晚，洞垣窥脏之技，世不再睹，而村间市井，稍能诵《药性》、读《回春》者
，辄
备要
原因
手，
高
一医书浩瀚，泛览为难，岐黄之家，尚艰博涉；文墨之士，奚暇旁通。若非篇章简要，
词理
会
见闻不多，集中采用，不满数十家；又恐注释大繁，观者易倦，其中篇章漫衍，不能尽录者
，不得不稍为删节，非敢轻肆，以限于尺幅也。然出自某人某书，必仍存其名集，至于古今
相沿之语，相袭之方，不知始自何人，而不可废者，皆采录之；或文法未畅者，亦僭为删润
；间有窃附鄙见者，必加“昂按”二字。至每方之正解，有全用昔人者，有出自心裁者，然
作述相半，未敢师心自用也。
一古人治疗，识见高明，而用意深远，其处方用药，多有非后人所易测识者（有上病下
取，下病上取者，有阴病治阳、阳病治阴者，又有隔二、隔三之治者）。况余不业岐黄，又
学无
晓者
一《纲目》、《准绳》二书，有采用前人而不着其名氏、不能推原所自，则以“《纲目》曰”
、“《准绳》曰”三字概之。
一集中所分门类，盖以治病之道，当治于未病，故先补养；及既受病，则有汗、吐、下
三法，故次发表、涌吐、攻里；若表证未除，里证复急者，当表里交治，故次发表攻里；又
有病
气血
云百病皆由痰起，故次除痰；若饮食不节，能致积滞，故次消导；又滑则气脱，故次收涩；
虫能
方，以备采择。末附“救急良方”，以应仓猝。再附“勿药无诠”于卷终，使知谨疾摄生之
要，
一本集虽名“方解”，然而病源脉候、脏腑经络、药性治法，罔不毕备，诚医学之全书
，岐
之苦
一服药节度，有食前、食后之分，古今相传，罔敢或异。愚谓不然。凡人饮食入腹，皆
受纳
分金
药入
肺药
方
耳
必
附记于此，以质明者。
一十二经络∶手太阴肺，手少阴心，手厥阴心包，手太阳小肠，手少阳三焦，手阳明大
肠，足太阴脾，足少阴肾，足厥阴肝，足太阳膀胱，足少阳胆，足阳明胃，附此以备查考。
孔子说：“能够就近拿自身作比喻（推己及人），这可以说是实行仁道的方法了。”仁是心性修养的学问，尚且不能没有方法，何况是百家众艺，怎么能没有方法而能擅长这些技艺呢。在众多技艺中，医学尤为重要，因为它是掌管人类生命的学问，也是圣人必须谨慎对待的。
我曾思考过，凡是疾病一定有症状，所谓“症”，就是“证”（证候），有了这种病必然表现出这种征候。证候必须有脉象来对应，脉象是区分脏腑经络、寒热虚实的关键。脉象有与证候相符的，也有不相符的，必须综合参验，然后才能施治。通过诊察脉象和辨析证候，方剂就确立起来了。方剂，是固定不可改变的名称。有什么样的病，就必须用主药治疗，不可以随意移用，把用药当作尝试。
方剂的始祖始于张仲景，后人触类旁通，扩充补充，数量多得无法计算，然而都不能超出张仲景的范围。大概前人制定法则，后人遵循它，创始者难以用力，后起者容易成功，取用古人已经验证的成规并加以斟酌使用，疗效不是更容易吗？
至于对方剂的解说，始于成无己。成无己感慨张仲景的书后人很少能读懂，于是选取《伤寒论》进行训诂解释，诠解证候与方剂，剖析微奥。
有人说：“善于学习的人不陈列阵势（指不拘泥于形式），得到鱼后就忘记筌（捕鱼工具，喻得意忘言），运用的妙处在于一心，为什么还要讲究方剂呢？”我回答说：“般（鲁班）不放弃规矩（圆规和曲尺，喻法度），神（神机）……”（此处原文有缺漏或排版错误，依文意补全逻辑：即使神妙也不离规矩）。
康熙壬戌年阳月（农历十月），汪昂题写于延禧堂。
一、古今方书，极为繁多。但在方子前面只注明治疗某种病，却从未阐明致病的原因，以及病在何经何络，这种情况太少了。（注：此处原文似乎有语病或脱字，意为：很多书只注治病，未明病因经络，这是不好的/稀少的正确做法）。
二、仿照《医方考》因病分门，疾病分为二十门，方剂共七百首。然而每证不过几首方，嫌方太少，一方……（原文此处有断裂，意指原书方少，现书方多）。
三、本集所载，都是中正平和、诸书共同选取、世人常用的方剂，即使偶尔有一两味猛烈的药剂，也是为了攻坚泻热所必需的。
四、古人组方，分量多而药味少，譬如精锐之兵，专走一路，就足以攻破堡垒擒获敌王了。后世……（原文缺失，意指后世方剂繁杂）。
五、张仲景的《伤寒论》，前人眼光已定，除了成无己之外，很少有人能有所发明。陶节庵虽然著有《伤寒六书》，……（原文缺失）。
六、张仲景治疗伤寒的各种方剂，是古今方书的始祖，所以注释尤其要详细完备，读者不要因为它繁琐而厌烦。
七、正方的后面，附上附方，一则为了节省篇幅，一则为了方便查找，并且以此展示前人用药加减的方法。
八、时值晚年，洞察脏腑的高超医术，世间不再多见，而乡村市井之间，稍微能背诵《药性赋》、阅读《回春》的人，……（原文缺失，意指这些人往往乱用药）。
九、医书浩瀚，泛览很难，岐黄（中医）之家，尚且难以广泛涉猎；文人墨客，哪里有空闲去旁通医理。如果不是篇章简要，词理……（原文缺失）。
十、见闻不多，集中采用的书籍不满数十家；又担心注释过于繁复，读者容易疲倦，其中篇章漫衍，不能全部收录的，不得不稍加删节，不敢轻率放肆，是因为受限于篇幅。然而出自某人某书，一定仍保留其书名，至于古今相沿用的话语、袭用的方剂，不知始自何人，但不能废除的，都采录进来；或者文法不通畅的，也僭越地加以删改润色；间或有窃附我个人见解的，一定加上“昂按”二字。至于每方的正解，有的完全采用前人观点，有的出自内心裁断，然而创作与述作各占一半，不敢主观自用。
十一、古人治疗，见识高明，用意深远，他们处方用药，多有不是后人容易推测认识的（有的上病下取，下病上取；有的阴病治阳、阳病治阴；又有隔二、隔三之治法）。况且我不以行医为业，又……（原文缺失，意指学识浅薄）。
十二、《本草纲目》、《医学准绳六要》两本书，有采用前人观点而不著其名氏、不能推究来源的，就用“《纲目》曰”、“《准绳》曰”三个字概括。
十三、本集所分的门类，大概是认为治病之道，应当在未病时治疗，所以先讲补养；等到已经生病，则有汗、吐、下三种治法，所以其次讲发表、涌吐、攻里；如果表证未除，里证又急迫，应当表里同治，所以其次讲表里双解；又有……（原文缺失，涉及气血等）。
十四、云百病皆由痰起，所以其次讲除痰；如果饮食不节制，能导致积滞，所以其次讲消导；又滑则气脱，所以其次讲收涩；虫……（原文缺失）。
十五、方剂，以备选择。末尾附上“救急良方”，以应对仓促情况。再附上“勿药无诠”在卷终，使人们知道谨慎防病、养生摄生的要点。
十六、本集虽然名叫“方解”，然而病源脉候、脏腑经络、药性治法，无不具备，确实是医学的全书，岐……（原文缺失，意指岐黄之术）。
十七、服药的时间节度，有饭前、饭后之分，古今相传，不敢稍有差异。我认为不然。凡人饮食入腹，皆受纳……（原文缺失，涉及脾胃运化）。
十八、附记于此，以请教明白的人。
十九、十二经络：手太阴肺经，手少阴心经，手厥阴心包经，手太阳小肠经，手少阳三焦经，手阳明大肠经，足太阴脾经，足少阴肾经，足厥阴肝经，足太阳膀胱经，足少阳胆经，足阳明胃经，附在此处以备查考。
Confucius said, "Being able to take oneself as a metaphor (extending one's own feelings to others) can be considered the method of benevolence." Benevolence is a study of mind and nature; it cannot proceed without a method. How much more so for the myriad arts and skills, how could one excel in them without a method? Among all arts, medicine is particularly important because it governs human life and is what sages must treat with utmost caution.
I have often pondered that every disease has symptoms. The term "symptom" (Zheng, 证 - syndrome/pattern) refers to the manifestation of the disease; having this disease necessarily produces these signs. Syndromes must be correlated with pulses. The pulse is the means by which Zang-Fu organs, meridians, cold-heat conditions, and deficiency-excess states are distinguished. There are cases where the pulse matches the syndrome, and cases where it does not; only after comprehensive verification can treatment be administered. By observing the pulse and differentiating the syndrome, the prescription is established. A prescription (Fang, 方) is a fixed and unchangeable name. For a specific disease, one must use the primary herbs; one cannot arbitrarily shift between herbs or use medication as an experiment.
The origin of prescriptions lies with Zhang Zhongjing. Later generations expanded upon his work by analogy, making the number incalculable, yet none transcended the scope set by Zhang Zhongjing. Generally, predecessors establish the rules, and successors follow them. It is difficult for the founder to exert effort, but easier for the successor to achieve results. By adopting the verified regulations of the ancients and exercising discretion in their application, is the efficacy not more readily achieved?
As for the explanation of prescriptions, it began with Cheng Wuji. Cheng Wuji lamented that few people in later generations could understand Zhang Zhongjing's works, so he selected the *Shanghan Lun* (Treatise on Cold Damage) to provide exegesis, interpreting syndromes and formulas, and analyzing subtle nuances.
Some say, "A good teacher does not display rigid formations; one who catches the fish forgets the trap. The subtlety of application lies in the mind itself; why emphasize prescriptions?" I reply, "Lu Ban did not abandon compasses and squares [rules/methods]..." (Note: Original text contains gaps/typos here).
Written by Wang Ang at Yanxi Hall in the tenth lunar month of the Renxu year of the Kangxi reign.
1. Ancient and modern medical books are extremely numerous. However, many merely note the disease treated before the formula without explaining the etiology or specifying which meridian or collateral is involved. This is rare [or: such omissions are regrettable].
2. I have modeled this collection on the *Yifang Kao* (Investigation of Medical Prescriptions), categorizing diseases into twenty sections containing seven hundred formulas. However, the original work had too few formulas per syndrome... [Text fragmentary].
3. The formulas collected in this volume are moderate and balanced, commonly selected from various texts and frequently used by the public. Even if there are occasionally one or two potent agents, they are necessary for attacking hardness and draining heat.
4. Ancients formulated prescriptions with larger dosages but fewer ingredients. Like elite troops focusing on a single path, this is sufficient to breach fortifications and capture the enemy king. Later generations... [Text fragmentary].
5. Zhang Zhongjing's *Shanghan Lun* was viewed through fixed perspectives by predecessors. Except for Cheng Wuji, few made new discoveries. Tao Jian'an, although authoring the *Shanghan Liushu* (Six Books on Cold Damage)... [Text fragmentary].
6. Zhang Zhongjing's formulas for treating cold damage are the ancestors of ancient and modern prescriptions; therefore, annotations should be especially detailed. Readers should not be annoyed by their complexity.
7. Following each main formula, attached formulas are provided to save space, facilitate searching, and demonstrate methods of modifying prescriptions used by the ancients.
8. In my late years, the profound skill of inspecting internal organs is rarely seen in the world. In villages and markets, those who can merely recite the *Yaoxing Fu* (Ode to Materia Medica Properties) or read *Huichun*... [Text fragmentary].
9. Medical literature is vast, making general reading difficult; even experts in Qi-Huang [Traditional Chinese Medicine] find broad study arduous. Literati have no leisure to master it. If chapters were not concise... [Text fragmentary].
10. Due to limited exposure, I selected materials from fewer than dozens of sources. Fearing that excessive annotations would weary readers, I had to abbreviate verbose passages due to space constraints. I did not dare to act rashly. For any content derived from a specific book, I retain its title. For phrases and formulas passed down since antiquity whose origins are unknown but cannot be discarded, I include them. Where language is unclear, I take the liberty to edit and polish. Where I add my own views, I mark them with "Ang An" (Wang Ang's Note). Regarding the interpretation of each formula, some are entirely borrowed from predecessors, while others are my own creations. Both creation and compilation are present; I dare not rely solely on my own judgment.
11. Ancients possessed high insight and profound intent in treatment. Their prescription methods were often difficult for later generations to fathom (e.g., treating upper diseases from below, lower diseases from above; treating Yin diseases via Yang, Yang diseases via Yin; or treatments separated by two or three levels). Moreover, I am not a professional physician, and my learning is... [Text fragmentary].
12. The *Bencao Gangmu* (Compendium of Materia Medica) and *Zhunsheng* (Medical Standards) adopt predecessors' views without citing names or tracing origins, using phrases like "According to *Gangmu*" or "According to *Zhunsheng*" to summarize.
13. The categories in this collection reflect the principle that prevention is better than cure; thus, tonification comes first. Once illness occurs, sweating, vomiting, and purging are the three methods, so releasing the exterior, inducing vomiting, and attacking the interior follow. If exterior symptoms persist while interior symptoms become urgent, both exterior and interior must be treated simultaneously. ... [Text fragmentary regarding Qi and Blood].
14. It is said that all diseases arise from phlegm; thus, resolving phlegm follows. Indiscretion in diet causes stagnation; thus, digestion promotion follows. Slippage leads to Qi collapse; thus, astringents follow. Parasites... [Text fragmentary].
15. Formulas are provided for selection. At the end, "Emergency Good Prescriptions" are attached for sudden emergencies. Finally, "Prevention Without Medication" is included at the conclusion to remind people of the essentials of careful disease prevention and health preservation.
16. Although titled "Formula Explanations," this collection covers disease origins, pulse patterns, Zang-Fu organs, meridians, drug properties, and therapeutic methods comprehensively. It is indeed a complete medical text... [Text fragmentary].
17. The timing of taking medicine is divided into before and after meals, a tradition unchanged since antiquity. I disagree. When food enters the stomach, it is received and transformed... [Text fragmentary regarding Lung/Spleen/Stomach dynamics].
18. Recorded here for the scrutiny of experts.
19. The Twelve Meridians: Hand-Taiyin Lung, Hand-Shaoyin Heart, Hand-Jueyin Pericardium, Hand-Taiyang Small Intestine, Hand-Shaoyang Sanjiao (Triple Burner), Hand-Yangming Large Intestine, Foot-Taiyin Spleen, Foot-Shaoyin Kidney, Foot-Jueyin Liver, Foot-Taiyang Bladder, Foot-Shaoyang Gallbladder, Foot-Yangming Stomach. These are attached for reference.