生生子曰∶古云∶咳者，谓无痰而有声，肺气伤而不清也。嗽者，谓有痰而无声，脾湿动而生
痰也。今曰咳嗽者，既有声而复有痰也。然其病不一，有五脏咳，有六腑咳，有六气咳，有虚咳，有
实咳，有水咳，有火咳，种种不同，用药亦异。观古人立方，多所重于肺部，有清肺者，有保肺者，
有敛肺者，有泻肺者，有补肺者。五者，谓肺属金而主乎声者也。惟肺也，外统皮毛，为一身之护卫，
内为华盖，作五脏之至尊，肺受百脉之朝，故病每干于肺，设不干肺，抑何咳焉？是以治咳必兼于肺
。至于清痰降火，流湿润燥，补肾疏风者，莫明于《丹溪纂要》，条分列治，极为详尽；但主嗽多，
咳少耳。学人宜于是而扩充之，则思过半矣。
生生子曰∶丹溪云∶“哮者，专主于痰，宜用吐法。亦有虚而不可吐者，必使薄滋味；不可纯用寒
凉，必兼散表。”此深造病情者也。其间，亦有自童幼时，被
酸咸之味，或伤脾，或抢肺，以致痰积气道，积久生热，妨碍升降，而成哮症。一遇风寒即发，缘肺合皮
毛，风寒外束，弗得发越，内热壅郁，新痰复生，因新痰而致旧痰并作也。是以气高而哮，抬肩拮项，
不得仰卧，面赤头疼，恶寒发热，治宜散表，表散热解，气道流通，庶亦暂可。有饮食浓味伤脾，不能运
化而发者，脾伤则津液不得布散而生痰涎，壅塞经隧，肺气为之不利，则胸满腹痛，盗汗潮热，昼夜发哮
，声如拽锯，治宜消食健脾，清痰利气，斯亦定矣。有房劳太过，肾水衰少，不能制火下降，火寡于畏，
而侮所胜，肺金受伤，金伤则生化之源绝矣。病则下午潮热，哮声如雷，头疼面赤，盗汗烦躁，昼轻夜重
，脉数无力。治当补肾制火，清金润燥，庶或得安。有气逆而发者，《经》曰∶怒则气上，有升无降。又
曰∶大怒则火起于肝。又曰∶上升之气，自肝而出，中挟相火。肺虚不能平木，病则胸满胁痛，耳聋眼赤
，气出如火，治宜抑肝利气。是痰也，气浓者，当劫而吐之，拔其病根；根拔又当速补中气，中气充实，
痰不再作矣。
生生子说：古语讲：咳，是指没有痰而有声音，是肺气受损而不清利。嗽，是指有痰而没有声音，是脾湿扰动而生痰。现在所说的咳嗽，是指既有声音又有痰。然而其病因并不单一，有五脏咳、六腑咳、六气咳、虚咳、实咳、水咳、火咳等，种类繁多，用药也各不相同。观察古人制定的方剂，大多重视肺部治疗，有清肺的，有保肺的，有敛肺的，有泻肺的，有补肺的。这五种治法，是因为肺属金而主发声的缘故。只有肺，外统摄皮毛，作为全身的护卫，内为华盖，是五脏中最尊贵的脏器，肺接受百脉的朝会，所以疾病常常波及肺，如果不波及肺，怎么会咳嗽呢？因此治疗咳嗽必须兼顾肺。至于清痰降火、流湿润燥、补肾疏风等方法，在《丹溪纂要》中阐述得最为明白，条理分明，极为详尽；但该书侧重论述嗽，对咳论述较少。学者应当在此基础上加以扩充，就能掌握大半要领了。
生生子说：朱丹溪讲：“哮病，专门以痰为主因，适宜用吐法。也有体虚不可使用吐法的，必须饮食清淡；不能单纯使用寒凉药物，必须兼用解表散邪的方法。”这是深入探究病情的人说的。其中，也有从童年时起，因食用酸咸之味，或损伤脾胃，或侵扰肺脏，导致痰积在气道，日久生热，妨碍气机升降，从而形成哮症。一遇到风寒就发作，因为肺合皮毛，风寒外束，使体内热气不得发散，内热壅滞郁结，新痰又生，因而旧痰与新痰一同发作。所以气喘急促而哮鸣，抬肩耸颈，不能仰卧，面红头痛，恶寒发热，治疗宜用解表法，表邪解散，热势消退，气道流通，或许可以暂时缓解。有因饮食厚味损伤脾胃，不能运化而发作者，脾伤则津液不得布散而生痰涎，壅塞经络隧道，肺气因此不利，出现胸满腹痛、盗汗潮热，昼夜发作哮鸣，声音如拉锯，治疗宜消食健脾、清痰利气，这样也就确定了。有因房劳过度，肾水衰少，不能制约相火下降，火失去制约，反侮所胜之脏（肺），肺金受伤，金伤则生化之源断绝。发病则下午潮热，哮声如雷，头疼面赤，盗汗烦躁，昼轻夜重，脉数无力。治疗当补肾制火、清金润燥，或许能得到安宁。有因气逆而发作者，《内经》说：怒则气上，只升不降。又说：大怒则肝火起。又说：上升之气，自肝而出，中间夹杂相火。肺虚不能平抑肝木，发病则胸满胁痛、耳聋眼赤、气出如火，治疗宜抑制肝气、利顺气机。这种痰和气都浓盛的，应当用劫夺之法催吐，拔除病根；病根拔除后，又应当迅速补益中气，中气充实，痰就不再复发了。
Shengshengzi said: Ancient texts state: "Ke" (cough with sound) refers to coughing with sound but no phlegm, indicating damage to Lung Qi and lack of clarity. "Sou" (cough with phlegm) refers to coughing with phlegm but without sound, caused by Spleen dampness stirring up phlegm generation. The modern term "Ganke" (cough) refers to a condition presenting with both sound and phlegm. However, the etiology is not singular; there are Zang-organ coughs, Fu-organ coughs, Six-Evils coughs, deficiency coughs, excess coughs, water-retention coughs, and fire-coughs, varying greatly in type and requiring different medications. Observing ancient prescriptions, much emphasis was placed on treating the Lung. Methods included clearing the Lung, protecting the Lung, astringing the Lung, draining the Lung, and tonifying the Lung. These five approaches are based on the fact that the Lung belongs to Metal and governs voice production. Only the Lung externally unifies the skin and hair, serving as the body's defense, and internally acts as the Canopy, the most honored organ among the Five Zang organs. The Lung receives the convergence of all meridians; thus, diseases often affect the Lung. If the Lung were not affected, how could coughing occur? Therefore, treating cough must involve the Lung. Regarding methods such as clearing phlegm and descending fire, moistening dryness, tonifying the Kidney, and dispersing wind, Zhu Danxi's *Danxi Zuanyao* explains them most clearly, with detailed categorization and treatment protocols; however, it focuses more on Sou and less on Ke. Scholars should expand upon this foundation to grasp the majority of the principles.
Shengshengzi said: Zhu Danxi stated: "Xiao (wheezing/asthma) is primarily caused by phlegm and is suitable for emetic therapy. There are also cases of deficiency where emesis is contraindicated; in such cases, diet must be bland. One must not use purely cold and cooling herbs but must combine them with exterior-dispersing agents." This reflects a deep understanding of the disease pathology. Among these, some individuals suffer from childhood due to consuming sour and salty flavors, which either damage the Spleen or invade the Lung, leading to phlegm accumulation in the airways. Over time, heat generates, obstructing the ascending and descending mechanisms, resulting in Xiao syndrome. Upon exposure to Wind-Cold, the condition flares because the Lung combines with the skin and hair; external constriction by Wind-Cold prevents the release of internal heat, causing internal heat to stagnate and郁结 (become congested). New phlegm is generated, causing old phlegm to erupt simultaneously. Consequently, there is rapid breathing and wheezing, shoulder lifting and neck stiffening, inability to lie supine, red face, headache, aversion to cold, and fever. Treatment should focus on dispersing the exterior. Once the exterior pathogen is resolved and heat dissipates, the airway flows freely, offering temporary relief. Some cases arise from dietary rich flavors damaging the Spleen, impairing transformation and transportation. Spleen damage prevents the distribution of Body Fluids, generating phlegm-drool that blocks the collaterals, making Lung Qi unfavorable, leading to chest fullness, abdominal pain, night sweats, tidal fever, and day-and-night wheezing with sounds like sawing wood. Treatment should involve digesting food, strengthening the Spleen, clearing phlegm, and promoting Qi flow. Other cases result from excessive sexual activity depleting Kidney Water, failing to control Fire descent. Unchecked Fire insults the conquered element (Lung Metal), injuring the Lung. When Lung Metal is damaged, the source of generation and transformation is cut off. Symptoms include afternoon tidal fever, thunderous wheezing, headache, red face, night sweats, irritability, mild symptoms during the day and severe at night, and a rapid yet forceless pulse. Treatment requires tonifying the Kidney to control Fire, clearing Metal, and moistening dryness. Some cases are triggered by rebellious Qi. The *Classic* states: Anger causes Qi to ascend, rising without descending. It also says: Great anger causes Fire to rise from the Liver. Furthermore: Ascending Qi originates from the Liver, carrying Ministerial Fire. Lung deficiency fails to subdue Liver Wood, leading to chest fullness, hypochondriac pain, deafness, red eyes, and breath hot as fire. Treatment should suppress the Liver and regulate Qi. For cases where both Phlegm and Qi are dense, one should employ drastic emetic therapy to extract the root cause. After removing the root, one must quickly tonify Middle Qi. With sufficient Middle Qi, phlegm will not recur.