生生子曰∶诸书有言癫狂者，有言癫痫者，有言风痫者，有言风癫者，有言惊痫者，有分癫痫为二
门者，略无定论。究其独言癫者，祖《内经》也。言癫痫，言癫狂者，祖《灵枢》也。要之，癫、痫、
狂，大相径庭，非名殊而实一之谓也。《灵枢》虽编癫狂为一门，而形症两具，取治异途，较之于痫，
又不相侔矣。诸书有云大人为癫，小儿为痫，此又大不然也。《素问》谓癫为胎病，自母腹中受惊所致
，今乃曰小儿无癫，可乎？痫病，大人历历有之，妇人尤多，予故据经文分为三目，庶治者有所辩别云。
明癫症
夫癫者,或狂或愚，或歌或笑,或悲或泣，如醉如痴，言语有头无尾，秽洁不知，积年累月不愈，俗名
曰心风。此志愿高硕，而不遂所欲者多有之。
明狂症
夫狂者，猖狂之谓也。言其病之发，猖獗刚暴，有如《伤寒论》阳明大实发狂，骂詈不避亲疏；甚
则登高而歌，弃衣而走，逾墙上屋，持刀执棍，日夜不止；狎之则笑，忤之则怒，如有邪根据附者是也。
明痫症
夫痫，时发时止者是也。有连日发者，有一日三
五发者。或因惊，或因怒，而动其痰火。发则昏昧不知人事，耳无所闻，目无所见，眩仆倒地，不省高下。
甚而螈 抽掣，目作上视，或口眼歪斜，或口作六畜之声。将醒时必吐涎沫。彼癫狂，皆无以上证也。用
此辩之，亦易详明，大抵皆痰火所致。
生生子说：各种医书中，有的称为“癫狂”，有的称为“癫痫”，有的称为“风痫”，有的称为“风癫”，有的将“癫痫”分为两门，都没有确定的定论。究其单独使用“癫”字的，是效法《黄帝内经》；使用“癫痫”、“癫狂”字眼的，是效法《灵枢经》。总之，“癫”、“痫”、“狂”三者截然不同，并不是名称不同而实质相同的意思。《灵枢经》虽然将癫和狂编为一门，但症状表现两者具备，治疗方法却不同，与“痫”病相比，又不相等同了。各书中有说法认为成人患的是癫，小儿患的是痫，这又完全不对了。《素问》说癫是胎病，是从母腹中受惊所致，现在却说小儿没有癫，这可以吗？痫病，成人确实也有，妇女尤其多，所以我依据经文将其分为三类，以便治疗者有所辨别。
阐明癫症
所谓癫症，有时狂躁有时愚钝，有时唱歌有时大笑，有时悲伤有时哭泣，像喝醉了一样像痴傻一样，说话有头无尾，不知秽洁，长年累月不愈，俗名叫作“心风”。这多是那些志向高远硕大，但不能实现愿望的人所患的。
阐明狂症
所谓狂，是指猖狂的样子。描述其发病时，猖獗刚暴，就像《伤寒论》中阳明腑实重症导致的发狂，骂人不知避讳亲疏；严重时登上高处唱歌，扔掉衣服乱跑，翻墙越屋，手持刀棍，日夜不停；亲近他他就笑，违背他他就怒，好像有邪气依附在身上一样。
阐明痫症
所谓痫，是时而发作、时而停止的病。有连续几天发作的，有一天发作三五次的。或者因为受惊，或者因为愤怒，从而触动痰火。发作时昏沉无知，耳朵听不见，眼睛看不见，眩晕仆倒，不知高低上下。严重时身体抽搐，眼睛向上看，或者口眼歪斜，或者口中发出六畜的声音。将要苏醒时必定会吐出涎沫。那些癫症和狂症，都没有以上这些症状。用这些来辨别，也很容易详细说明，大体上都是由于痰火引起的。
Mr. Shengsheng said: Various medical texts refer to this condition as "Dian-Kuang" (Manic-Depressive Psychosis), "Dian-Xian" (Epilepsy and Mania), "Feng-Xian" (Wind Epilepsy), or "Feng-Dian" (Wind Dian). Some divide "Dian-Xian" into two categories, yet none offer a definitive conclusion. Those who use only the term "Dian" follow the *Huangdi Neijing* (Yellow Emperor's Inner Canon); those who use "Dian-Xian" or "Dian-Kuang" follow the *Lingshu Jing* (Spiritual Pivot). In essence, "Dian", "Xian", and "Kuang" are vastly different; they are not merely different names for the same reality. Although the *Lingshu Jing* groups Dian and Kuang together, their clinical manifestations differ, and their treatments diverge; compared with Xian, they are not equivalent. Some texts claim that adults suffer from Dian while children suffer from Xian; this is entirely incorrect. The *Suwen* states that Dian is a congenital disease caused by fright in the womb; how can one now say that children do not suffer from Dian? Xian certainly occurs in adults, especially women. Therefore, based on the classic texts, I divide it into three categories so that practitioners may distinguish between them clearly.
Clarifying Dian Syndrome
Dian syndrome is characterized by alternating states of mania and stupidity, singing and laughing, weeping and grieving. The patient appears intoxicated or foolish, speaks incoherently without conclusion, lacks awareness of cleanliness or filth, and the condition persists for years without cure. In common parlance, this is called "Heart Wind" (Xin Feng). This condition often afflicts those with lofty ambitions who fail to achieve their desires.
Clarifying Kuang Syndrome
Kuang refers to a state of rampant madness. Upon onset, the patient becomes violent and aggressive, similar to the manic delirium seen in severe Yangming Fu organ excess patterns described in the *Shanghan Lun* (Treatise on Cold Damage Disorders), where the patient curses without regard for kinship or strangers. In severe cases, the patient climbs high places to sing, discards clothing and runs about, jumps over walls and roofs, wields knives and sticks day and night without ceasing. If approached gently, the patient laughs; if opposed, the patient becomes angry, as if possessed by evil spirits.
Clarifying Xian Syndrome
Xian is characterized by intermittent episodes of seizure and remission. Attacks may occur for several consecutive days or three to five times a day. It may be triggered by fright or anger, which stirs up Phlegm-Fire. During an attack, the patient loses consciousness, cannot hear or see, experiences vertigo and falls, and loses awareness of spatial orientation. In severe cases, convulsions occur, eyes roll upward, facial features deviate, or the mouth produces sounds resembling livestock. Just before regaining consciousness, the patient typically vomits saliva and foam. None of these symptoms appear in Dian or Kuang syndromes. Using these distinctions makes differentiation clear; generally, all three are caused by Phlegm-Fire.