牛黄（研） 麝香（各半两，研） 虎睛（一对） 蜣螂（去头足翅） 犀角屑 安息香 独活（去芦） 茯
神（去木） 远志（去心） 甘草（炙，各一两） 防风（去芦，一两半） 人参（去芦） 铁粉（研） 朱砂（水飞）
龙齿（各二两，研） 上为细末，同研令匀，炼蜜和丸，捣五七百下，丸如梧子大，每服三十
丸，荆芥汤下，无时。
白附子（半两，炮） 半夏（二两，汤洗） 皂角（二两，捶碎用，水半升，揉汁去 ，与白矾一处熬干为度，
研） 天南星（姜制） 白矾（生） 乌蛇（酒浸，各一两） 全蝎（炒，二钱） 蜈蚣（半条） 白僵蚕（炒，一两
半） 麝香（三字，研） 朱砂（二钱半，水飞） 雄黄（水飞，一钱半） 为细末，生姜汁煮面糊丸，如
桐子大，每服三十丸，温生姜汤送下，食后服。
用羊肝一具 肥牙皂（一斤，去筋皮，水三碗，同羊肝煮干，去肝，将牙皂焙干为末） 半夏（六两，
每个切四块） 箭头朱砂（一两五钱，同半夏炒黄色，去朱砂） 南星（生，二两） 黑牵牛（二两，微炒） 共为
末，姜汁丸，朱砂为衣，每七十丸，姜汤下。忌鱼、鸡、母猪、牛、羊等肉。
大方 有君一臣三佐九之大方。（病势大而邪不一，不可以一二味治者宜之。）有分两大而顿
服之大方。（肝、肾及下部病者宜之。肝、肾下部位远，若小剂徐呷，则力微势缓，才到下部即散，故必大剂急
啜，乃能及下也。）
小方 有君一臣二之小方。（病小无兼证者宜之。）有分两少而徐呷之小方。（心肺及上肺病
者宜之。）
缓方 有甘以缓之之缓方。（甘草、饴、蜜之属。）有以丸缓之之缓方。（丸之行，比汤、散为
迟。）有品味众多之缓方。（品众则递相拘制，不得各骋其性。）有无毒治病之缓方。（无毒则性纯而功
缓。）有气味俱薄之缓方。（气味俱薄则力弱，故功缓。）
急方 有急病急攻之急方。（如中风卒厥，用通关散之类。）有汤、散荡除之急方。（汤、散
之行比丸为速。）有毒药之急方。（毒性上通下泻，以夺病势）。有气味俱浓之急方。（气味俱浓，则力
猛行急。）
按小而兼缓，病在上部而缓者宜之。大而兼急，病在下部而急者宜之。小而兼
急，病在上部而急者宜之。大而兼缓，病在下部而缓者宜之。又病大者宜大，小者
宜小，治主宜缓，治客宜急，各有攸当。
奇方 有独用一物之奇方。有合奇数一三五七九之奇方。
偶方 有二味相配之偶方。有合偶数二四六八十之偶方。有二方相合之偶方。
按王太仆云∶汗须以偶气乃足以外发，下须以奇乃不至攻伐太过。其意盖以奇
为小方，偶为大方。小方治近在脏腑，大方治远在皮毛也。然则奇偶即大小二方耳，
而复立此者，盖亦有奇大于偶者，故又立此二方，以见治法之变动不居耳，然不必
泥。观仲景桂枝汤汗以五味，大承气汤下以四味，可见矣。
复方 王太仆以复方即偶方，谬也。当根据后人二方相合为偶，数方相合为复之
说。又张子和引《内经》【奇之不去则偶之，偶之不去则反佐以取之】之说，以解
复方。谓【复】乃【反复】之义，盖奇之不去，则反用偶方，偶之不去，则覆用反
佐，反复重叠，以治其病也，亦通。
牛黄（研碎） 麝香（各半两，研碎） 虎睛（一对） 蜣螂（去掉头、足和翅膀） 犀角屑 安息香 独活（去掉芦头） 茯神（去掉木质部分） 远志（去掉心） 甘草（蜜炙，各一两） 防风（去掉芦头，一两半） 人参（去掉芦头） 铁粉（研碎） 朱砂（水飞法处理） 龙齿（各二两，研碎）。以上药物制成细末，共同研磨均匀，用炼过的蜂蜜调和做成丸药，捣击五七百下，做成梧桐子大小的丸剂，每次服用三十丸，用荆芥汤送服，不限时间。
白附子（半两，炮制） 半夏（二两，用热水清洗） 皂角（二两，捶碎使用，取半升水，揉搓出汁液去除杂质，与白矾一起熬干为止，研碎） 天南星（姜汁制） 白矾（生用） 乌梢蛇（酒浸，各一两） 全蝎（炒制，二钱） 蜈蚣（半条） 白僵蚕（炒制，一两半） 麝香（三字重，研碎） 朱砂（二钱半，水飞法处理） 雄黄（水飞法处理，一钱半）。制成细末，用生姜汁煮面粉糊做成丸药，如桐子大小，每次服用三十丸，温热的生姜汤送服，饭后服用。
取羊肝一个 肥大的牙皂（一斤，去掉筋和皮，加三碗水，与羊肝同煮至水干，去掉羊肝，将牙皂焙干后研成粉末） 半夏（六两，每个切成四块） 箭头朱砂（一两五钱，与半夏同炒至黄色，去掉朱砂） 南星（生用，二两） 黑牵牛子（二两，微炒）。共研为粉末，用姜汁泛丸，以朱砂为衣，每次七十丸，姜汤送服。忌食鱼、鸡、母猪、牛、羊肉等。
大方 有君药一味、臣药三味、佐药九味的大方。（适用于病势盛大且邪气不单一的情况，不可以仅用一二味药治疗者适宜使用。）有分量大而一次性顿服的大方。（适用于肝、肾及下部疾病者适宜使用。因为肝、肾及下部位置较远，如果用小剂量慢慢饮用，则药力微弱、势头缓慢，刚到达下部就消散了，所以必须用大剂量急切地喝下，才能到达下部。）
小方 有君药一味、臣药两味的小方。（适用于病情轻微没有兼证者适宜使用。）有分量少而慢慢饮用的小方。（适用于心肺及上部疾病者适宜使用。）
缓方 有用甘味药来缓和病情的缓方。（如甘草、饴糖、蜂蜜之类。）有用丸剂来发挥缓效的缓方。（丸剂的运行速度比汤剂、散剂慢。）有药味众多因而起效缓慢的缓方。（药味多则相互制约，不能各自充分发挥其药性。）有无毒药物治病因而起效缓慢的缓方。（无毒则药性纯正而功效缓慢。）有气味都淡薄的缓方。（气味淡薄则药力弱，所以功效缓慢。）
急方 有病势急迫需要急攻的急方。（如中风卒厥，使用通关散之类。）有用汤剂、散剂荡涤清除的急方。（汤剂、散剂的运行速度比丸剂快。）有用有毒药物的急方。（毒性上通下泻，用来夺取病势。）有气味都浓烈的急方。（气味浓烈，则药力猛烈、行速急快。）
按语：小而兼缓，适用于病在上部且宜缓治者。大而兼急，适用于病在下部且宜急治者。小而兼急，适用于病在上部且宜急治者。大而兼缓，适用于病在下部且宜缓治者。另外，病势大的宜用大方，病势小的宜用小方，治疗主病宜缓，治疗客邪宜急，各有其适宜之处。
奇方 有单独使用一味药的奇方。有合用奇数（一、三、五、七、九）味药的奇方。
偶方 有两味药相配的偶方。有合用偶数（二、四、六、八、十）味药的偶方。有两方相合而成的偶方。
按语：王冰（王太仆）说：发汗需用偶数的药气才足以向外发散，攻下需用奇数的药味才不至于攻伐太过。他的意思大概是把奇方看作小方，偶方看作大方。小方治疗近处的脏腑，大方治疗远处的皮毛。既然这样，奇偶就是大小两种方剂罢了，却又设立这两类，大概是有奇方大于偶方的情况，所以又设立这两类方剂，以显示治法的变动不居，但不必拘泥。看张仲景的桂枝汤发汗用五味药，大承气汤攻下用四味药，就可以明白了。
复方：王冰认为复方即偶方，这是错误的。应当根据后人“两方相合为偶，多方相合为复”的说法。另外，张从正引用《内经》中【奇之不去则偶之，偶之不去则反佐以取之】的说法，来解释复方。认为【复】是【反复】的意思，大概是用奇方无效，则反过来用偶方；用偶方无效，则再覆用反佐之法，反复重叠，以治疗疾病，这也讲得通。
Niu Huang (Calculus Bovis, ground) and She Xiang (Moschus, each half tael, ground); Hu Jing (Tiger's Eye, one pair); Qiang Lang (Dung Beetle, remove head, feet, and wings); Xi Jiao Xie (Rhinoceros Horn Shavings); An Xi Xiang (Benzoin); Du Huo (Angelicae Pubescentis Radix, remove rhizome); Fu Shen (Poria with Hostwood, remove wood); Yuan Zhi (Polygalae Radix, remove heart); Gan Cao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, honey-fried, each one tael); Fang Feng (Saposhnikoviae Radix, remove rhizome, one and a half taels); Ren Shen (Ginseng Radix, remove rhizome); Tie Fen (Ferrum Oxydatum Rubrum, ground); Zhu Sha (Cinnabar, water-triturated); Long Chi (Dragon's Teeth, each two taels, ground). Grind all into fine powder, mix thoroughly, combine with refined honey to make pills, beat five to seven hundred times until uniform, shape into pills the size of white mustard seeds. Take thirty pills per dose, administered with Jing Jie Tang (Schizonepeta Decoction), at any time.
Bai Fu Zi (Typhonii Rhizoma, half tael, processed); Ban Xia (Pinelliae Rhizoma, two taels, washed with hot water); Zao Jiao (Gleditsiae Fructus Spinae, two taels, crushed, use half sheng of water to rub out juice, remove impurities, boil together with Bai Fan until dry, then grind); Tian Nan Xing (Arisaematis Rhizoma, ginger-processed); Bai Fan (Alumen, raw); Wu She (Zaocys, wine-soaked, each one tael); Quan Xie (Scorpio, fried, two qian); Wu Gong (Scolopendra, half strip); Bai Jiang Can (Bombyx Batryticatus, fried, one and a half taels); She Xiang (Moschus, weight of three zhu, ground); Zhu Sha (Cinnabar, two and a half qian, water-triturated); Xiong Huang (Realgar, water-triturated, one and a half qian). Grind into fine powder, use fresh ginger juice to make wheat flour paste for pill coating, shape into pills the size of paulownia seeds. Take thirty pills per dose, administer with warm ginger soup after meals.
Use one sheep liver; Fei Ya Zao (Fat Gleditsiae Fructus Spinae, one jin, remove tendons and skin, add three bowls of water, boil together with sheep liver until water is dry, remove liver, bake dried Ya Zao into powder); Ban Xia (Pinelliae Rhizoma, six taels, cut each into four pieces); Jian Tou Zhu Sha (Arrowhead Cinnabar, one liang five qian, stir-fry together with Ban Xia until yellow, remove Cinnabar); Nan Xing (Arisaematis Rhizoma, raw, two taels); Hei Qian Niu (Black Morning Glory Seed, two taels, lightly fried). Grind all into powder, form pills with ginger juice, coat with Cinnabar. Take seventy pills per dose, administer with ginger soup. Avoid fish, chicken, sow, beef, mutton, etc.
Da Fang (Large Formula): Includes formulas with one Jun (Monarch) herb, three Chen (Minister) herbs, and nine Zuo (Assistant) herbs. (Suitable for severe disease conditions where pathogens are not singular, and cannot be treated with only one or two herbs.) Includes large-dosage formulas taken in one dose. (Suitable for diseases of the Liver, Kidney, and lower body. Since the Liver, Kidney, and lower parts are distant, if small doses are sipped slowly, the therapeutic force will be weak and slow, dissipating before reaching the lower parts. Therefore, large doses must be drunk urgently to reach the destination.)
Xiao Fang (Small Formula): Includes formulas with one Jun herb and two Chen herbs. (Suitable for mild diseases without concurrent syndromes.) Includes formulas with small dosages taken slowly. (Suitable for diseases of the Heart, Lung, and upper body.)
Huan Fang (Slow/Gentle Formula): Includes formulas using sweet herbs to moderate the condition (e.g., Gan Cao, Yi Tang, Honey). Includes pill formulations, as pills act slower than decoctions and powders. Includes formulas with many ingredients, which restrain each other and prevent individual herbs from exerting their full potency. Includes formulas using non-toxic herbs, which have pure properties and slow effects. Includes formulas with thin flavors and odors, which have weak force and thus slow efficacy.
Ji Fang (Urgent/Rapid Formula): Includes formulas for urgent attack on acute conditions (e.g., Guan Tong San for sudden stroke or syncope). Includes decoctions and powders that cleanse rapidly, acting faster than pills. Includes formulas using toxic herbs to drain downward and upward, seizing the pathogenic momentum. Includes formulas with strong flavors and odors, which have fierce force and rapid action.
Note: Small and gentle formulas are suitable for upper-body diseases requiring slow treatment. Large and urgent formulas are suitable for lower-body diseases requiring rapid treatment. Small and urgent formulas are suitable for upper-body diseases requiring rapid treatment. Large and gentle formulas are suitable for lower-body diseases requiring slow treatment. Furthermore, major diseases suit large formulas, minor diseases suit small formulas; treating the primary cause requires gentleness, while treating secondary pathogens requires urgency. Each has its appropriate application.
Qi Fang (Odd/Single Formula): Includes formulas using a single herb exclusively. Includes formulas combining an odd number of herbs (1, 3, 5, 7, 9).
Ou Fang (Even/Paired Formula): Includes formulas pairing two herbs. Includes formulas combining an even number of herbs (2, 4, 6, 8, 10). Includes formulas combining two separate prescriptions.
Note: Wang Bing (Wang Tai Pu) stated: "Diaphoresis requires even-numbered qi to sufficiently disperse outward; purgation requires odd-numbered measures to avoid excessive damage." His intent was likely regarding Qi Fang as Xiao Fang and Ou Fang as Da Fang. Xiao Fang treats internal organs nearby, while Da Fang treats exterior skin far away. Thus, Qi and Ou are essentially just Large and Small formulas. However, these categories were established separately because there are cases where Qi exceeds Ou. This illustrates the flexibility of treatment methods, but one should not adhere rigidly to them. Observing Zhang Zhongjing's Gui Zhi Tang (Cinnamon Twig Decoction) uses five ingredients for diaphoresis, and Da Cheng Qi Tang (Major Order the Qi Decoction) uses four ingredients for purgation, clarifies this point.
Fu Fang (Compound Formula): Wang Bing equated Fu Fang with Ou Fang, which is erroneous. One should follow the later interpretation that combining two formulas creates an Ou formula, while combining multiple formulas creates a Fu formula. Additionally, Zhang He Zheng cited *Nei Jing*: "If Qi fails, try Ou; if Ou fails, use counter-assistance to obtain the result." He interpreted 'Fu' as 'repetition'. If Qi fails, reverse to use Ou; if Ou fails, repeat with counter-assistance. This repetitive layering treats the disease, which is also a valid interpretation.