哭泣而泪不出者，若出而少。涕，水所从生。涕所从出，虽无益于治，工之所当知，道之所生也。（
言此虽无益于医治，而工所当知，亦无往非道也。）夫心者，五脏之专精也，（心为五脏六腑之大主，精
神之所舍也，故为五脏之专精。）目者其窍也，（目即专精之外窍也。）华色者其荣也。（华色，即专精之
外荣也。）是以人有德也，则气和于目；有亡，忧知于色；（人有道德则心和，心和则
和气见于目；人有亡失则心忧，心忧则忧气知于色也。）是以悲哀则泣下，泣下，水所由生。（目为宗脉
所聚，而众水归之，故悲则泣下。五脏六腑之津液尽上渗于目，心悲气并则心系急，心系急则肺举，肺举则
液上溢，故泣出矣。）水宗者，积水也。积水者，至阴也。至阴者，肾之精也。宗精之水所以不出者，是
精持之也。辅之裹之，故水不行也。（水宗，水之原也。五液皆宗于肾，故又曰“宗精”。
精能主持水道，则不使之妄行矣。）夫水之精为志，火之精为神。水火相感，神志俱悲，是以目之水生也。（
志藏于肾，肾属水也。神藏于心，心属火也。目为上液之道，故神志相感则水生于目。）谚云∶
心悲名曰志悲，志与心精，共凑于目也。（神悲于心，则志应于
肾，故心悲名曰“志悲”，而水火之精皆上凑也。）是以俱悲则神气传于心，精上不传于志，而志独悲，故泣
出也。（悲则心系急，故神气传于心，传于心则精不下传于志；精聚于上，志虚于下，则志独生悲而
精无所持，此所以水不藏于下而泣出于上也。）泣涕者脑也，脑者阴也。（泣涕者，因泣而涕也。涕出于脑，
脑者精之类，为髓之海，故属于阴。）髓者骨之充也，（髓充满于骨空，诸髓者，皆属于脑。）故脑渗
为涕；（鼻窍上通于脑也。）志者骨之主也，是以水流而涕从之者，其行类也。（志与骨皆属于肾，故志
为骨之主，而涕亦从乎水也。）夫涕之与泣者，其志以神悲，是以涕泣俱出而横行也。（横行，
言其多也。）夫人涕泣俱出而相从者，所属之类也。（相从以类，由势有不容已者。）人哭泣而泪不出者，
若出而少，涕不从之，哭不悲也。不泣者，神不慈也；神不慈则志不悲，阴阳相持，泣安能独来？（泣不出，
泪不下也。哭者以其心悲，心悲以其神慈，神慈则志悲，志悲所以泣出。夫神不慈，志不悲者，正以神为阳，
志为阴，阴阳相持之固则难于惑动，所以泣涕不能独至。）夫志悲者惋，惋则冲阴，冲阴则志去目，志去则
神不守精，精神去目，涕泣出也。（惋，惨郁也。阴，精也。阴气受冲则志去于目，故精神不守而涕泣
勿能禁也。惋，乌贯切。）夫厥则目无所见，盖因厥则阳气并于上，阴气并于下，阳并于上则火独光也，阴
并于下则足寒，足寒则胀也。（并，偏聚也。火独光，阳之亢也。厥阴气逆，故阴阳各有所并。并则阳气
不降，阴气不升，故上为目无所见而下为足寒。阴中无阳，故又生胀满之疾。）夫一水不胜五火，故目 盲。（
一水，目之精也。五火，即五脏之厥阳并于上者也。 ，当作视。）是以气冲风，泣下而不止。夫风之中
目也，阳气内守于精，是火气燔目，故见风则泣下也。（天之阳气为风，人之阳气为火，风中于目，则火气内
燔而水不能守，故泣出也。）有以比之，火疾风生乃能雨，此之类
也。（火疾风生，阳之极也。阳极则阴生承之，乃能致雨。人同天地之气，故风热在目而泣自出也。）
哭泣时没有眼泪流出，或者即使有流出也很少。鼻涕，是水液生成的源头。鼻涕产生的途径，虽然对治疗没有直接帮助，但这是医生应当知晓的，也是医道产生的根源。（意思是说，这虽然对医治无益，但医生应当知道，无处不是道的体现。）心，是五脏精气汇聚的核心所在。（心为五脏六腑的大主宰，精神居住的地方，所以称为五脏的精气汇聚处。）眼睛，是心之外窍。（眼睛即精气外露的孔窍。）面色光泽，是精气外在的荣华表现。（面色光泽，即精气外在的荣华。）因此，人如果有德行，目中的和气就会调和；如果人有缺失或过失，忧愁之气就会表现在面色上。（人若有道德修养，则内心平和，内心平和则和气显现于眼睛；人若有丧失或过失，则心中忧愁，心中忧愁则忧气表现在面色上。）因此，悲哀时会流泪，流泪是水液生成的结果。（眼睛是众多经脉汇聚之处，各种水液都归聚于此，所以悲伤时泪水流出。五脏六腑的津液都向上渗透至眼睛，心中悲伤导致气机郁结使心系紧张，心系紧张则肺叶上举，肺叶上举则津液上溢，所以泪水流出。）水的本源，是积聚之水。积聚之水，属于至阴之物。至阴之物，是肾的精气。宗精之水之所以不随意流出，是因为有精气在主持控制它。辅佐包裹着它，所以水液不会妄行。（水宗，即水的源头。五液都源于肾，所以又称“宗精”。精气能主持水道，就不会让水液妄行。）水的精气表现为志，火的精气表现为神。水火相互感应，神与志共同感到悲伤，所以眼中产生水液。（志藏于肾，肾属水。神藏于心，心属火。眼睛是上焦津液通行的通道，所以神与志相互感应，水液便生于眼睛。）俗话说：心中的悲伤叫做志悲，志与心的精气，共同汇聚于眼睛。（心神悲伤，则肾志相应，所以心中的悲伤被称为“志悲”，而水火之精都向上汇聚。）因此，当神与志都悲伤时，神气传导到心，精气不能向下传导给志，只有志独自悲伤，所以泪水流出。（悲伤时心系紧张，所以神气传导到心，传导到心后精气就不能向下传导给志；精气聚积在上部，志在下部虚弱，那么志独自产生悲伤而精气无法固持，这就是水液不藏于下部而泪水从上部流出的原因。）泪和鼻涕都与脑有关，脑属于阴。（泪和鼻涕，因流泪而产生鼻涕。鼻涕出于脑，脑是精的一类，为髓海，所以属于阴。）髓是充满骨骼的物质，（髓充满于骨空之中，所有的髓都属于脑。）所以脑渗漏出来成为鼻涕；（鼻窍向上连通于脑。）志是骨骼的主宰，所以水流动而鼻涕随之而出，它们的运行性质是相似的。（志与骨都属于肾，所以志是骨的主宰，而鼻涕也跟随水液而来。）鼻涕和眼泪一起流出，是因为志和神都感到悲伤，所以鼻涕和眼泪同时大量流出。（横行，指数量多。）人鼻涕和眼泪一起流出并相随，是因为它们所属的性质相同。（相随以类，由情势所迫不得不如此。）人哭泣时没有眼泪流出，或者流出很少，鼻涕也不随之而出，说明哭得不悲伤。不流泪的人，是心神不够慈爱柔和；心神不柔和则志不悲伤，阴阳相互持守平衡，泪水怎么能单独到来呢？（不出泪，不下涕。哭是因为心中悲伤，心中悲伤是因为心神慈爱柔和，心神慈爱柔和则志悲伤，志悲伤所以泪水流出。如果心神不柔和，志不悲伤，正是因为神属阳，志属阴，阴阳相互持守坚固则难以被感动，所以泪水和鼻涕不能单独到来。）志感到悲伤时内心抑郁，抑郁则冲击阴精，冲击阴精则志离开眼睛，志离开则神不能守护精气，精神和精气离开眼睛，鼻涕和眼泪就流出了。（惋，指凄惨忧郁。阴，指精。阴气受到冲击则志离开眼睛，所以精神和精气不能固守而鼻涕眼泪无法禁止。惋，读音为乌贯切。）发生厥证时眼睛看不见东西，这是因为厥证导致阳气偏并于上部，阴气偏并于下部，阳气偏并于上部则火独盛发光，阴气偏并于下部则脚冷，脚冷则腹部胀满。（并，指偏聚。火独光，指阳气亢盛。厥证导致阴气逆乱，所以阴阳各有所偏聚。偏聚则阳气不降，阴气不升，所以上部出现眼睛看不见，下部出现脚冷。阴中无阳，所以又产生胀满的疾病。）一水不能胜过五火，所以眼睛失明。（一水，指眼睛的精气。五火，即五脏的厥阳之气偏并于上部。盲，当作视。）因此气冲风动，泪水流出不止。风邪侵袭眼睛时，阳气内守于精气，这是火气焚烧眼睛，所以见到风就流泪。（天的阳气化为风，人的阳气化为火，风邪侵入眼睛，则火气在内焚烧而水液不能固守，所以泪水流出。）可以用此来比喻，火急风生才能下雨，这就是类似的道理。（火急风生，是阳气极盛的表现。阳极则阴生来承继它，才能降雨。人与天地之气相通，所以风热在眼睛而泪水自然流出。）
When crying, no tears flow out, or if they do, they are scanty. Nasal mucus is the source from which water fluids originate. Although the pathway through which nasal mucus emerges may not be of direct benefit to treatment, it is knowledge that a physician must possess, as it is where the Dao (Way/Principle) arises. (This means that although this may not aid in medical treatment, it is what physicians should know; everywhere there is the Dao.) The Heart is the essence and concentration of the five Zang organs. (The Heart is the great master of the five Zang and six Fu organs, the residence of spirit and consciousness, thus it is the concentration of essence for the five Zang organs.) The eyes are its external orifice. (The eyes are the external orifice of this concentrated essence.) Luster and color are its external radiance. (Luster and color are the external radiance of this concentrated essence.) Therefore, when a person possesses virtue, harmonious Qi manifests in the eyes; when a person suffers loss or fault, sorrow is revealed in the complexion. (When a person has moral cultivation, the heart-mind is peaceful; when peaceful, harmonious Qi appears in the eyes; when a person suffers loss or fault, the heart-mind becomes sorrowful; when sorrowful, sorrowful Qi is revealed in the complexion.) Thus, when one is sorrowful, tears flow down; flowing tears are the result of water fluid generation. (The eyes are the gathering place of numerous meridians, and various water fluids converge here; therefore, upon grief, tears flow. The body fluids of the five Zang and six Fu organs all seep upward into the eyes. When the heart-mind is sorrowful, Qi stagnates causing the Heart-Ligament [Xin Xi] to tighten; when the Heart-Ligament tightens, the Lung rises; when the Lung rises, fluids overflow upward, hence tears emerge.) The origin of water is accumulated water. Accumulated water belongs to Supreme Yin (Zhi Yin). Supreme Yin is the essence of the Kidney. The reason why water from the Zong Jing does not flow out freely is that it is controlled by Jing (Essence). Assisted and wrapped by it, the water fluids do not move recklessly. (Shui Zong refers to the source of water. All five fluids originate from the Kidney, hence it is also called "Zong Jing". Jing can govern the water passages, preventing fluids from moving recklessly.) The essence of Water manifests as Zhi (Will), and the essence of Fire manifests as Shen (Spirit). When Water and Fire interact, and both Shen and Zhi feel sorrow, water fluid is generated in the eyes. (Zhi resides in the Kidney, and the Kidney belongs to Water. Shen resides in the Heart, and the Heart belongs to Fire. The eyes are the channel for upper fluids; thus, when Shen and Zhi interact, water is generated in the eyes.) As the proverb says: Sorrow of the heart is named Zhi Sorrow. The Jing of Zhi and the Jing of the Heart gather together at the eyes. (When Shen is sorrowful in the Heart, Zhi responds in the Kidney; thus, heart sorrow is named "Zhi Sorrow," and the essences of Water and Fire both gather upward.) Therefore, when both are sorrowful, Shen Qi transmits to the Heart, but Jing does not transmit downward to Zhi; only Zhi is sorrowful alone, hence tears flow. (Upon grief, the Heart-Ligament tightens, so Shen Qi transmits to the Heart. Once transmitted to the Heart, Jing does not transmit downward to Zhi. Jing gathers above, while Zhi is deficient below; thus, Zhi generates sorrow alone, and Jing fails to hold it. This is why water does not store below but tears flow from above.) Tears and nasal mucus are related to the Brain, and the Brain belongs to Yin. (Tears and mucus arise together with weeping. Mucus comes from the Brain. The Brain is a type of Essence, the Sea of Marrow, hence it belongs to Yin.) Marrow fills the bones. (Marrow fills the bone cavities; all marrow belongs to the Brain.) Therefore, the Brain渗 (seeps/percolates) to become nasal mucus; (The nasal orifice connects upward to the Brain.) Zhi is the master of the bones; thus, as water flows, nasal mucus follows them, their movement being similar in nature. (Both Zhi and Bone belong to the Kidney; thus, Zhi is the master of Bone, and nasal mucus also follows the water.) Because Zhi and Shen are both sorrowful, nasal mucus and tears flow out together in abundance. ("Heng Xing" refers to profusion.) When a person's nasal mucus and tears flow out together and follow each other, it is because they belong to the same category. (Following each other by category, driven by circumstances that cannot be restrained.) If a person cries without tears flowing out, or with very few tears, and nasal mucus does not follow, it indicates the crying is not sorrowful. One who does not weep lacks Shen Ci (Compassionate/Gentle Spirit); if Shen is not gentle, Zhi is not sorrowful. When Yin and Yang hold each other in balance, how can tears come alone? (No tears flow, no mucus descends. Crying stems from heart sorrow, which stems from a compassionate Shen. A compassionate Shen makes Zhi sorrowful, and a sorrowful Zhi causes tears to flow. If Shen is not compassionate and Zhi is not sorrowful, it is precisely because Shen is Yang and Zhi is Yin. When Yin and Yang hold each other firmly, they are difficult to move or affect, so tears and mucus cannot arrive alone.) When Zhi is sorrowful, there is inner depression (Wan); depression attacks Yin (Jing); attacking Yin causes Zhi to leave the eyes; when Zhi leaves, Shen does not guard Jing; when Spirit and Essence leave the eyes, nasal mucus and tears flow out. ("Wan" means miserable and depressed. "Yin" refers to Jing. When Yin Qi is attacked, Zhi leaves the eyes; thus, Spirit and Essence fail to guard, and tears and mucus cannot be controlled. "Wan" is pronounced Wu Guan Qie.) In Jue syndrome, the eyes see nothing. This is because Jue causes Yang Qi to congregate in the upper part and Yin Qi to congregate in the lower part. When Yang congregates above, Fire shines alone; when Yin congregates below, the feet become cold, and cold feet lead to distension. ("Bing" means partial aggregation. "Fire shining alone" indicates Yang hyperactivity. In Jue, Yin Qi rebels, so Yin and Yang aggregate separately. Aggregation prevents Yang from descending and Yin from ascending, leading to blindness above and cold feet below. With no Yang within Yin, distension diseases arise.) One Water cannot overcome Five Fires, hence blindness occurs. ("One Water" refers to the essence of the eyes. "Five Fires" refers to the Jue Yang of the five Zang organs aggregating above. "Mang" should be read as "Shi" [to see].) Therefore, Qi rushes and Wind arises, causing tears to flow incessantly. When Wind pathogen invades the eyes, Yang Qi internally guards the Essence; this is Fire Qi burning the eyes, hence tears flow upon exposure to wind. (Heavenly Yang transforms into Wind, human Yang transforms into Fire. When Wind invades the eyes, Fire Qi burns internally, and Water cannot guard, hence tears flow.) This can be compared to: intense heat and strong wind generate rain; this is the same principle. (Intense heat and strong wind represent extreme Yang. When Yang reaches its peak, Yin is generated to support it, thereby producing rain. Humans share Qi with Heaven and Earth; thus, when Wind-Heat is in the eyes, tears naturally flow.)