齿痛也。足阳明入上齿中，手阳明入下齿中，故按其阳脉之来，其脉太过者其经必独热，而其左右上下，
亦因其部而可察也。龋，其雨切。）诊血脉者，多赤多热，多青多痛，多黑为久痹，多赤、多黑、多
青皆见者寒热。（血脉者，言各部之络脉也。赤、黑、青皆见者，阴阳互胜之色，故或寒或热。）身痛而
色微黄，齿垢黄，爪甲上黄，黄胆也。安卧，小便黄赤，脉小而涩者，不嗜食。（黄胆，黄病也。
疸有阴阳，脉小而涩者为阴疸。阴疸者脾土弱也，故不嗜食。）婴儿病，其头毛皆逆上者必死。（婴儿渐成，
水为之本。发者，肾水之荣。头毛逆上者，水不足则发干焦，如草之枯者，必劲直而竖也。不特既病，即
无病而头毛逆上者，亦非佳兆。）耳间青脉起者掣痛。（耳者，少阳胆之经。青者，厥阴肝之色。肝胆本为表
里，青主痛，肝主筋，故为掣痛。掣，音彻。）大便赤瓣，飧泄，脉小者，手足寒，难已。飧泄脉小，
手足温，泄易已。（赤瓣者，血秽成条、成片也。赤瓣、飧泄，火居血分，若脉小而手足寒，是为相反，所以
难已。若止于飧泄而无赤瓣，非火证也，脉虽小而手足温，以脾主四肢而脾气尚和，所以易已。瓣，瓜瓤之
类也。）四时之变，寒暑之胜，重阴必阳，重阳必阴，故阴主寒，阳主热，寒甚则热，热甚则寒，寒生热，
热生寒，皆阴阳之变也。故曰冬伤于寒，春生瘅热；春伤于风，夏生后泄肠 ；夏伤于暑，秋生 疟；秋
伤于湿，冬生咳嗽。是谓四时之序也。（阴阳之气，极则必变，故寒极则生热，热极则生寒，此天地
四时消长更胜之道也。瘅，温热之病。）
夫脉之小、大、滑、涩、浮、沉，可以指别；（得之于手，应之于心也。）五脏之象，可
以类推；（象，气象也。）五脏相音。
可以意识；（相，形相也。音，五音也。相音，皆可意会而识也。）五色微诊，可以目察。（五色者，其
常色也。至于互为生克，诊有精微，目明智圆者，可以视察而知也。）能合脉色，可以万全。（因脉以知其内，
因色以察其外，脉色明则参合无遗，内外明则表里俱见，斯可万全无失矣。）赤脉之至也，喘而坚，诊曰
有积气在中，时害于食，名曰心痹，得之外疾，思虑而心虚，故邪从之；（此即所以合脉色也。赤
者心之色，脉喘而坚者，谓急甚如喘而坚强也。心脏居高，病则脉为喘状，故于心肺二脏独有之。喘为心
气不足，坚为病气有余。心脉起于心胸之中，故积气在中，时害于食。积为病气积聚，痹为脏气不行。外疾，外
邪也。思虑心虚，故外邪从而居之。）白脉之至也，喘而浮，上虚下实，惊，有积气在胸中。喘而虚，名曰肺
痹，寒热，得之醉而使内也；（白者，肺色见也。脉喘而浮者，火乘金而病在肺也。喘为气
不足，浮为肺阴虚，肺虚于上，则气不行而积于下，故上虚则为惊，下实则为积气在胸中。喘而且虚，病为
肺痹者，肺气不行而失其治节也。寒热者，金火相争，金胜则寒，火胜则热也。其因醉以入房，则火必更炽，水
必更亏，肾虚盗及母气，故肺病若是矣。）青脉之至也，长而左右弹，有积气在心下支 ，名曰肝痹，得之
寒湿，与疝同法，腰痛、足清、头痛；（青者，肝色见也。长而左右弹，言两手俱长而弦强
也。弹，搏击之义。此以肝邪有余，故气积心下，及于支 ，因成肝痹。然得之寒湿而积于心下支 者，
则为肝痹；积于小腹前阴者，则为疝气。总属厥阴之寒邪，故云“与疝同法”。肝脉起于足大指，与督脉会
于巅，故病必腰痛、足冷、头痛也。）黄脉之至也，大而虚，有积气在腹中，有厥气，名曰厥疝，女子同法，
得之疾使四肢，汗出当风；（黄者，脾色见也。脉大为邪气甚，虚为中气虚，中虚则脾不能运，故有积
气在腹中。脾虚则木乘其弱，水无所畏而肝肾之气上逆，是为厥气。且脾、肝、肾三经皆结于阴器，故名
曰“厥疝”，而男女无异也。四肢皆禀气
于脾，疾使之则劳伤脾气而汗易泄，汗泄则表虚而风邪客之，故为是病。）黑脉之至也，上坚而大，有积气
在小腹与阴，名曰肾痹，得之沐浴清水而卧。（黑者，肾色见也，上言尺之上，即尺外以候肾也。）
肾主下焦，脉坚而且大者，肾邪有余，故主积气在小腹与阴处，因成肾痹。其得于沐浴清水而卧者，以寒
湿内侵而气归同类。故病在下焦而邪居于肾。凡相五色之奇脉，面黄目青，面黄目赤，面黄目白，面黄目
黑者，皆不死也；（凡此色脉之不死者，皆兼面黄，盖五行以土为本而胃气之犹在也。）面青目赤，面赤目白，
面青目黑，面黑目白，面赤目青，皆死也。（此脉色之皆死者，以无黄色。无黄色则胃气已绝，
故死。上言合脉色以图万全，此言五色亦可以决死生也。）经有常色，络无常变，心赤、肺白、肝青、脾黄、
肾黑，皆亦应其经脉之色也。（五脏合于五行，故五色各有所主，而经脉之色亦与本脏相应，是
谓“经之常色”。但言五脏而不及六腑者，以五脏为主，言脏则腑在其中矣。凡三阴、三阳、十二经之常色，
皆当以此类推。）阴络之色应其经，阳络之色变无常，随四时而行也。（此言络有阴阳，而色与经应，
亦有同异也。经脉为里，支而横者为络，络之别者为孙，故合经络而言，则经在里为阴，络在外为阳。若单以
络脉为言，则又有大络孙络、在内在外之别。深而在内者，是为阴络，阴络近经，色则应之，故分五行以配五
脏，而色有常也；浅而在外者，是为阳络，阳络浮显，色不应经，故随四时之气以为进退，而变无常也。阳
络伤则血外溢，阴络伤则血内溢，其义可知矣。）寒多则凝泣，凝泣则青黑；热多则淖泽，淖泽则黄赤。
（此即阳络之变色也。泣，涩同。淖，濡润也。）此皆常色，谓之无病。五色具见者，谓之寒热。（常色者，
无病之色也。若五色具见，则阴阳变乱，失其常矣，故为往来寒热之病。）
病有久暴，征其脉小色不夺者，新病也；（征，验也。脉小者、邪气不盛。色不夺者，形盛未伤，
故为新病。）征其脉不夺，其色
夺者，此久病也；（病久而经气不夺者有之，未有病久而形色不变者，故脉不夺而色夺者为久病。）征其脉
与五色俱夺者，此久病也；（表里俱伤也。）征其脉与五色俱不夺者，新病也。（表里俱无恙也。）肝与
肾脉并至，其色苍赤，当病毁伤，不见血，已见血，湿若中水也。（肝脉弦，肝主筋。肾脉沉，肾主骨。苍
者，肝肾之色，青而黑也。赤者，心火之色，心主血也。脉见弦沉而色苍赤者，筋、骨、血、脉
俱病，故必当为毁伤也。凡毁伤筋骨者，无论不见血，已见血，其血必凝，其经必滞，气血凝滞，形必肿满，
故如湿气在经而同于中水之状。此举不内外因之色脉与分久暴之色脉言之，欲以开群蒙也。）故色见青如草滋
者死，（如草滋者，纯于青而色深也。此以土败木贼，全失红黄之气，故死。）黄如枳实者死，（黄黑不泽也。）
黑如 者死，（ ，烟煤也。 ，音台。）赤如 血者死，（ 血，死血也，赤紫而黑。 ，铺杯切。）白如
枯骨者死，枯槁无神也。此五色之见死也。（脏气败于中，则神色夭于外。夭必死也。）青如翠羽者生，
赤如鸡冠者生，黄如蟹腹者生，白如豕膏者生，黑如乌羽者生，此五色之见生也。（此皆五
色之明润光彩者，故见之者生。）生于心，如以缟裹朱；生于肺，如以缟裹红；生于肝，如以缟裹绀；生于脾，
如以缟裹栝蒌实；生于肾，如以缟裹紫，此五脏所生之外荣也。（生，生气也。言五脏所生之正色也。缟，
素帛也。以缟裹五物者，谓外皆白净而五色隐然内见也。朱与红皆赤，朱言其深，红言其浅也。绀，青而含赤
也。凡此皆五脏所生之正色，盖以气足于中，而后色荣于外者若此。前言精明五色者，气之华也，乃望其华以
辨其色；此言色见以下，以别生死，乃见其色以求其华耳，似同而不同也，当并参之。绀，高暗切。）
牙齿疼痛。足阳明胃经进入上齿中，手阳明大肠经进入下齿中，因此诊察阳脉的来势，如果脉象太过，其所属经络必然独自发热，而其左右上下部位，也可以根据病变部位进行察知。（龋，读音为雨切。）诊察血脉时，颜色多赤表示多热，多青表示多痛，多黑表示久痹，若赤、黑、青多种颜色同时出现，则表现为寒热错杂。（血脉，指各部的络脉。赤、黑、青同时出现，是阴阳相互偏胜的颜色表现，所以或寒或热。）身体疼痛而面色微黄，牙齿垢腻发黄，指甲上也发黄，这是黄疸病。嗜睡，小便黄赤，脉象小而涩，是不思饮食。（黄疸，即黄病。疸分阴阳，脉小而涩属于阴疸。阴疸是因为脾土虚弱，所以不思饮食。）婴儿患病，如果头发全部逆立向上，必定死亡。（婴儿逐渐成长，以肾水为本源。头发是肾水荣华的表现。头发生长逆立向上，说明水不足导致发干枯焦，像枯草一样，必定僵硬直立。不仅是在生病时，即使没有生病而头毛逆立向上，也不是好征兆。）耳间出现青色脉络者，牵引性疼痛。（耳朵是少阳胆经循行部位。青色是厥阴肝的本色。肝胆互为表里，青色主痛，肝主筋，所以表现为牵引性疼痛。掣，读音为彻。）大便排出带有血丝的稀便（赤瓣），完谷不化的泄泻，脉象小的，手足寒冷，难以治愈。如果是飧泄且脉小，但手足温暖，泄泻容易治愈。（赤瓣，指血与秽物混合成条状、片状。赤瓣和飧泄，说明火邪位于血分，如果脉小且手足寒冷，这是脉证相反，所以难以治愈。如果只是飧泄而没有赤瓣，就不是火证，虽然脉小但手足温暖，因为脾主四肢且脾气尚调和，所以容易治愈。瓣，类似瓜瓤的东西。）四季的变化，寒暑的交替，重阴必转化为阳，重阳必转化为阴，所以阴主寒，阳主热，寒极则生热，热极则生寒，寒生热，热生寒，这都是阴阳的变化。所以说冬天感受寒邪，春天易生温热病；春天感受风邪，夏天易生后泄、肠澼；夏天感受暑邪，秋天易生疟疾；秋天感受湿邪，冬天易生咳嗽。这称为四季的顺序。（阴阳之气，到了极点必然变化，所以寒极则生热，热极则生寒，这是天地四季消长更替的道理。瘅，指温热之病。）
脉象的小、大、滑、涩、浮、沉，可以通过手指辨别；（得之于手感，应之于心神。）五脏的外在征象，可以类推；（象，指气象。）五脏的声音，可以通过意识领会；（相，指形相。音，指五音。相音，都可以意会而识知。）五色的细微诊察，可以用眼睛观察。（五色，指正常的常色。至于五色之间互为生克，诊法精微，目光明智圆通的人，可以视察而知晓。）能够结合脉象和面色，就可以万无一失。（通过脉象了解内部情况，通过面色察知外部表现，脉色明了则参合无遗漏，内外明了则表里俱见，这样才可以万全无失。）
脉象至而急促且坚实，诊察认为有积气在中焦，时常妨碍进食，名为心痹，得自外邪，因思虑过度导致心虚，所以邪气乘虚而入；（这就是结合脉色的例子。赤色是心的本色，脉象急促且坚实，是指急甚如喘且坚强。心脏位置居上，发病时脉象呈喘状，所以仅在心肺二脏独有。喘代表心气不足，坚代表病气有余。心脉起于心胸之中，所以积气在中，时常妨碍进食。积是病气积聚，痹是脏气不行。外疾，指外邪。思虑导致心虚，所以外邪随之停留。）
脉象至而急促且浮，上部虚下部实，惊恐，有积气在胸中。如果脉象急促且虚弱，名为肺痹，伴有寒热，得自醉酒后进行房事；（白色是肺色显现。脉象急促且浮，是火邪乘金而病在肺。喘为气不足，浮为肺阴虚，肺虚于上，则气不行而积于下，所以上虚则惊恐，下实则积气在胸中。脉象急促且虚弱，病为肺痹，是肺气不行而失去治节功能。寒热，是金火相争，金胜则寒，火胜则热。因醉酒入房，则火必更炽盛，水必更亏损，肾虚盗取母气，所以肺病如此。）
脉象至而长且左右弹击，有积气在心下支撑，名为肝痹，得自寒湿，治疗方法与疝气相同，症状包括腰痛、足冷、头痛；（青色是肝色显现。长且左右弹击，指两手脉都长且弦强。弹，搏击的意思。这是肝邪有余，所以气积于心下，波及支撑处，因而成肝痹。然而得自寒湿而积于心下支撑处的，则为肝痹；积于小腹前阴处的，则为疝气。总属厥阴的寒邪，所以说“与疝同法”。肝脉起于足大趾，与督脉会于头顶，所以病必见腰痛、足冷、头痛。）
脉象至而大且虚，有积气在腹中，有厥逆之气，名为厥疝，女子治疗方法相同，得自剧烈活动四肢，汗出当风；（黄色是脾色显现。脉大为邪气盛，虚为中气虚，中虚则脾不能运化，所以有积气在腹中。脾虚则木乘其弱，水无所畏惧而肝肾之气上逆，这叫厥气。且脾、肝、肾三经都结于阴器，所以名叫“厥疝”，男女无异。四肢都禀受脾气，剧烈活动则劳伤脾气而汗易泄，汗泄则表虚而风邪客之，所以患此病。）
脉象至而上部坚硬且大，有积气在小腹与阴部，名为肾痹，得自沐浴冷水后卧倒。（黑色是肾色显现，上文说的尺之上，即尺外以候肾。）肾主下焦，脉象坚硬而且大，是肾邪有余，所以主积气在小腹与阴处，因而成肾痹。其得自沐浴冷水后卧倒，是因为寒湿内侵而气归同类。所以病在下焦而邪居于肾。凡是诊察五色的奇脉，面黄目青，面黄目赤，面黄目白，面黄目黑的，都不会死；（凡是这些色脉不死的情况，都兼见面黄，因为五行以土为本且胃气犹存。）面青目赤，面赤目白，面青目黑，面黑目白，面赤目青，都会死。（这些脉色皆死的情况，是因为没有黄色。没有黄色则胃气已绝，所以死。上文说合脉色以求万全，这里说五色也可以决断生死。）经脉有常色，络脉无常变，心赤、肺白、肝青、脾黄、肾黑，都对应其经脉的颜色。（五脏合于五行，所以五色各有所主，而经脉之色也与本脏相应，这叫“经之常色”。只说五脏而不提六腑，是因为以五脏为主，言脏则腑在其中了。凡三阴、三阳、十二经的常色，都应当以此类推。）阴络的颜色应合其经，阳络的颜色变化无常，随四季而变化。（这里说络有阴阳，而色与经应，也有同异。经脉为里，分支横出的为络，络的分支为孙，所以合经络而言，经在里为阴，络在外为阳。若单以络脉而言，又有大络孙络、在内在外的区别。深而在内的，是阴络，阴络近经，颜色则应之，所以分五行以配五脏，而色有常；浅而在外的，是阳络，阳络浮显，颜色不应经，所以随四时之气以为进退，而变无常。阳络伤则血外溢，阴络伤则血内溢，其中的道理可知。）寒多则凝滞，凝滞则现青黑色；热多则濡润，濡润则现黄红色。（这就是阳络的变色。泣，同涩。淖，濡润也。）这些都是常色，称为无病。五色俱全出现的，称为寒热。（常色，是无病的颜色。如果五色俱全出现，则阴阳变乱，失去常态，所以是往来寒热的病。）
疾病有久病和新病，诊察其脉小、面色未败坏的，是新病；（征，验证。脉小，说明邪气不盛。色不夺，说明形体未伤，所以是新病。）诊察其脉未败坏，但面色败坏的，这是久病；（病久而经气未败坏的有这种情况，但没有病久而形色不变的，所以脉不夺而色夺的是久病。）诊察其脉与五色都败坏的，这是久病；（表里都受伤了。）诊察其脉与五色都不败坏的，是新病。（表里都没有恙病。）肝脉与肾脉并至，面色苍赤，应当病毁伤，无论不见血还是已见血，都像湿气在经或中水一样。（肝脉弦，肝主筋。肾脉沉，肾主骨。苍，是肝肾之色，青而黑。赤，是心火之色，心主血。脉见弦沉而色苍赤，筋、骨、血、脉都病，所以必当为毁伤。凡毁伤筋骨者，无论不见血还是已见血，其血必凝，其经必滞，气血凝滞，形体必肿满，所以像湿气在经而同于中水的状态。这里列举不内外因的色脉以及分辨久暴的色脉，想要以此启发蒙昧之人。）
所以面色见青如草滋的死，（如草滋，纯青而色深。这是因为土败木贼，完全失去红黄之气，所以死。）黄如枳实的死，（黄黑无光泽。）黑如灰泥的死，（灰泥，音台。）赤如凝血死的死，（凝血，死血也，赤紫而黑。铺杯切。）白如枯骨的死，枯槁无神。这五色见到死症。（脏气败于中，则神色夭折于外。夭折必死。）青如翠羽的生，赤如鸡冠的生，黄如蟹腹的生，白如猪脂的生，黑如乌羽的生，这五色见到生症。（这些都是五色明润光彩的，所以见到的就生。）生于心，如以素帛裹朱砂；生于肺，如以素帛裹红；生于肝，如以素帛裹绀；生于脾，如以素帛裹栝蒌实；生于肾，如以素帛裹紫，这是五脏所生的外在荣华。（生，指生气。言五脏所生的正色。缟，素帛。用素帛包裹五种东西，谓外面白净而五色隐约内见。朱与红皆赤，朱言其深，红言其浅。绀，青而含赤。凡此皆是五脏所生的正色，大概因为气足于中，而后色荣于外才像这样。前言精明五色，是气之华，乃望其华以辨其色；此言色见以下，以别生死，乃见其色以求其华耳，看似相同而不同，应当并参之。绀，高暗切。）
Toothache. The Foot-Yangming (Stomach Meridian) enters the upper teeth, and the Hand-Yangming (Large Intestine Meridian) enters the lower teeth. Therefore, when palpating the arrival of Yang pulses, if the pulse is excessive, the corresponding meridian must be uniquely hot, and the areas to its left, right, above, and below can also be examined according to their respective regions. (Qu, pronounced 'yu'.) When diagnosing blood vessels, a predominance of red indicates heat; a predominance of green indicates pain; a predominance of black indicates chronic Bi syndrome (obstruction). If red, black, and green are all present, it indicates alternating cold and heat. (Blood vessels here refer to the collateral vessels of various parts. The simultaneous presence of red, black, and green represents colors of mutual excess of Yin and Yang, hence presenting as either cold or heat.) Body pain with slightly yellow complexion, yellowish dental calculus, and yellow nails indicate Huangdan disease (Jaundice). Lethargy, yellow-red urine, and small, choppy pulses indicate poor appetite. (Huangdan refers to yellow disease. Dan is divided into Yin and Yang types; small and choppy pulses indicate Yin Dan. Yin Dan results from weak Spleen Earth, leading to poor appetite.) In infants with illness, if the head hair stands upright in reverse direction, death is certain. (Infants develop gradually, with Kidney Water as the root. Hair is the flourishing manifestation of Kidney Water. When head hair grows upward in reverse, it signifies insufficient Water causing dryness and scorching of the hair, resembling withered grass that stands stiffly and vertically. This is ominous not only during illness but even in healthy infants whose hair stands upright.) The appearance of green veins between the ears indicates pulling pain. (The ear is the pathway of the Shaoyang Gallbladder Meridian. Green is the color of the Jueyin Liver. The Liver and Gallbladder are interior-exterior pairs; green signifies pain, and the Liver governs sinews, thus manifesting as pulling pain. Che, pronounced 'che'.) Stools containing bloody fragments (Chiban), undigested food diarrhea (Sunxie), accompanied by small pulses and cold hands and feet, are difficult to cure. However, if Sunxie presents with small pulses but warm hands and feet, the diarrhea is easy to cure. (Chiban refers to blood mixed with fecal matter forming strips or pieces. Chiban and Sunxie indicate Fire pathogen residing in the Blood level. If the pulse is small and hands/feet are cold, this contradicts the pathology, making it difficult to cure. If there is only Sunxie without Chiban, it is not a Fire pattern; although the pulse is small, warm hands/feet indicate that the Spleen governs the four limbs and Spleen Qi is still harmonious, hence easy to cure. Ban resembles melon pulp.) Changes of the four seasons, the victory of cold over heat and vice versa: Heavy Yin transforms into Yang, Heavy Yang transforms into Yin. Thus, Yin governs Cold, Yang governs Heat. Extreme Cold generates Heat, extreme Heat generates Cold; Cold generates Heat, Heat generates Cold—all are transformations of Yin and Yang. Hence it is said: Injury by Cold in Winter leads to Hot Disease (Danre) in Spring; Injury by Wind in Spring leads to delayed diarrhea and intestinal dysentery (Xiangpi) in Summer; Injury by Summer-heat in Summer leads to Malaria in Autumn; Injury by Dampness in Autumn leads to Cough in Winter. This is called the order of the four seasons. (Yin and Yang Qi, upon reaching extremity, must transform; thus extreme Cold generates Heat, extreme Heat generates Cold. This is the way of waxing and waning among Heaven, Earth, and the four seasons. Dan refers to warm-heat diseases.)
The small, large, slippery, choppy, floating, and sinking qualities of pulses can be distinguished by fingers; (Perceived by hand, responded to by heart.) The images of the Five Zang organs can be inferred by analogy; (Image refers to physiological manifestations.) The sounds of the Five Zang organs can be perceived mentally; (Xiang refers to form/appearance; Yin refers to the Five Tones. Xiang and Yin can be understood through mental perception.) The subtle diagnosis of Five Colors can be observed by eyes. (Five Colors refer to normal complexions. Regarding their mutual generation and restriction, diagnostic subtleties allow those with clear vision and wise minds to observe and know.) Combining pulse and color diagnosis ensures perfection. (By pulse, one knows the interior; by color, one observes the exterior. Clear pulse and color analysis leaves no omission; clarity of interior and exterior reveals both surface and depth, ensuring no error.)
When the pulse arrives rapid and firm, diagnosis indicates accumulation of Qi in the middle, occasionally hindering food intake, named Xinbi (Heart Obstruction), caused by external pathogens due to Heart deficiency from excessive thinking; (This exemplifies combining pulse and color. Red is the color of the Heart. A rapid and firm pulse means urgency like panting and hardness. The Heart resides high; when diseased, the pulse appears rapid, unique to Heart and Lung. Rapid indicates Heart Qi deficiency; firm indicates excess pathogenic Qi. Heart pulse originates in the chest; thus accumulation in the middle hinders eating. Accumulation is pathogenic gathering; Bi is stagnation of Zang Qi. External illness refers to external pathogens. Thinking causes Heart deficiency, allowing external pathogens to reside.)
When the pulse arrives rapid and floating, with deficiency above and excess below, fright, and accumulation of Qi in the chest. If the pulse is rapid and deficient, it is named Feibi (Lung Obstruction), with alternating cold and heat, caused by sexual activity after drunkenness; (White is the color of the Lung. Rapid and floating pulse indicates Fire attacking Metal, disease in Lung. Rapid indicates Qi deficiency; floating indicates Lung Yin deficiency. Deficiency above causes Qi stagnation below, so upper deficiency leads to fright, lower excess leads to chest accumulation. Rapid and deficient Lung Bi indicates failure of Lung Qi regulation. Alternating cold and heat result from Metal-Fire conflict; Metal excess brings cold, Fire excess brings heat. Drunkenness and sex intensify Fire and deplete Water; Kidney deficiency steals Mother Qi, resulting in such Lung disease.)
When the pulse arrives long and beating to the sides, with accumulation of Qi supporting under the heart, named Ganbi (Liver Obstruction), caused by cold-dampness, treated similarly to Hernia (Shan), with symptoms of lower back pain, cold feet, and headache; (Green is the color of the Liver. Long and beating to sides means both wrists show long, wiry, and strong pulses. Beating implies striking. This is Liver pathogen excess, causing Qi accumulation under the heart and support area, forming Liver Bi. Caused by cold-damp accumulating under heart/support is Liver Bi; accumulating in lower abdomen/genitals is Hernia. Both belong to Jueyin Cold pathogen, hence "treated like Hernia". Liver meridian starts at big toe, meets Du vessel at vertex, so disease manifests as back pain, cold feet, headache.)
When the pulse arrives large and deficient, with accumulation of Qi in the abdomen and rebellious Qi, named Jueshan, women treated similarly, caused by strenuous limb movement with sweat exposed to wind; (Yellow is the color of the Spleen. Large pulse indicates severe pathogen; deficient indicates Middle Qi deficiency. Middle deficiency impairs Spleen transport, causing abdominal Qi accumulation. Spleen deficiency allows Wood to invade weakness; Water lacks fear, causing Liver-Kidney Qi rebellion, called Rebellious Qi. Spleen, Liver, Kidney meridians converge at genitals, hence "Jueshan", same for men/women. Limbs rely on Spleen Qi; strenuous activity injures Spleen, causing easy sweating. Sweating makes exterior deficient, allowing Wind pathogen invasion, causing this disease.)
When the pulse arrives hard and large above, with accumulation of Qi in lower abdomen and genitals, named Shenbi (Kidney Obstruction), caused by bathing in cold water and lying down. (Black is the color of the Kidney. "Above" refers to the upper part of the Chi position, outside the radial bone, assessing the Kidney.) Kidney governs the Lower Jiao. Hard and large pulses indicate Kidney pathogen excess, governing accumulation in lower abdomen/genitals, forming Kidney Bi. Bathing in cold water and lying down allows cold-damp to invade internally, with Qi returning to its kind. Thus disease is in Lower Jiao, pathogen resides in Kidney. Regarding the odd pulses of Five Colors: Yellow face with green/red/white/black eyes all survive; (Survival cases all feature yellow face, as Earth is the root of Five Elements and Stomach Qi remains.) Green face with red eyes, Red face with white eyes, Green face with black eyes, Black face with white eyes, Red face with green eyes all die. (Death cases lack yellow color. Lack of yellow means Stomach Qi is exhausted, hence death. Above stated combining pulse/color for perfection; here Five Colors determine life/death.) Meridians have constant colors, collaterals have variable changes. Heart red, Lung white, Liver green, Spleen yellow, Kidney black correspond to their meridian colors. (Five Zang correspond to Five Elements; each color has specific governance, and meridian colors correspond to their Zang. This is "Constant Color of Meridians". Only Zang mentioned because they are primary; mentioning Zang includes Fu. Constant colors of Three Yin/Yang and Twelve Meridians follow this analogy.) Yin collateral colors correspond to their meridians; Yang collateral colors change constantly, following the four seasons. (Collaterals have Yin/Yang; color correspondence varies. Meridians are interior; branching horizontal vessels are collaterals; branchlets of collaterals are Sun collaterals. Generally, meridians are interior (Yin), collaterals exterior (Yang). Specifically, large/Sun collaterals have inner/outer distinctions. Deep/inner are Yin collaterals, close to meridians, colors correspond, mapped to Five Elements/Zang, hence constant colors. Superficial/outer are Yang collaterals, floating, colors do not correspond to meridians, vary with seasonal Qi, hence variable. Injury to Yang collateral causes external bleeding; injury to Yin collateral causes internal bleeding.) Excess Cold causes coagulation and stagnation, appearing blue-black; Excess Heat causes moisture and lubrication, appearing yellow-red. (These are color changes of Yang collaterals. Qi is same as Se. Nao means moist.) These are constant colors, indicating no disease. Appearance of all five colors indicates alternating cold and heat. (Constant color means no disease. All five colors appearing indicates Yin-Yang disorder and loss of normalcy, hence alternating cold/heat disease.)
Diseases have chronic and acute forms. If pulse is small and complexion is unimpaired, it is an acute disease; (Zheng means verify. Small pulse indicates weak pathogen. Unimpaired complexion indicates intact constitution, hence acute disease.) If pulse is unimpaired but complexion is impaired, it is a chronic disease; (Chronic disease may spare Jing Qi, but never spares form/color. Thus unimpaired pulse with impaired complexion indicates chronic disease.) If both pulse and five colors are impaired, it is a chronic disease; (Interior and exterior both injured.) If both pulse and five colors are unimpaired, it is an acute disease. (No interior/exterior pathology.) When Liver and Kidney pulses arrive together, with cyan-red complexion, injury is expected. Whether bleeding occurred or not, it resembles dampness in meridians or water intoxication. (Liver pulse wiry, Liver governs sinews. Kidney pulse deep, Kidney governs bones. Cyan is Liver/Kidney color, green-black. Red is Heart Fire color, Heart governs blood. Wiry/deep pulse with cyan-red color indicates sinew, bone, blood, and vessel pathology, hence injury. For sinew/bone injury, regardless of bleeding, blood coagulates, meridians stagnate, Qi-blood stagnation causes swelling, resembling dampness/water intoxication. This illustrates non-internal/external cause colors/pulses and chronic/acute differentiation, aiming to enlighten the ignorant.)
Therefore, complexion like dead grass (Caozi) dies; (Pure deep green. Earth failure and Wood attack, losing red/yellow Qi, hence death.) Like dried orange peel (Zhisshi) dies; (Yellow-black dull.) Like ash/mud dies; (Ash/Mud, pronounced 'tai'.) Like clotted blood dies; (Clotted blood is dark purple-black. Pu, pronounced 'pu'.) Like withered bone dies; (Withered and spiritless. These five colors indicate death.) Organ Qi failure internally leads to premature aging externally. Premature aging means death. Complexion like kingfisher feather lives; like chicken comb lives; like crab belly lives; like pig fat lives; like crow feather lives. These five colors indicate life. (All are bright, lustrous, and radiant, hence life.) Life in Heart is like silk wrapping cinnabar; Life in Lung is like silk wrapping red; Life in Liver is like silk wrapping bluish-purple; Life in Spleen is like silk wrapping Trichosanthes fruit; Life in Kidney is like silk wrapping purple. These are the external flourishing of Five Zang Sheng Qi. (Sheng means vital energy. Refers to correct colors generated by Zang. Gao is plain silk. Wrapping items in silk means white exterior with hidden inner colors. Zhu and Hong are red; Zhu is deep, Hong is shallow. Gan is blue-green containing red. These are correct colors generated by Zang, indicating sufficient internal Qi leading to external flourishing. Previous text spoke of observing brilliance to distinguish color; this section distinguishes life/death by seeking brilliance within color. Similar yet different, should be studied together. Gan, pronounced 'gan'.)