(出伤寒百证歌)
大浮数滑动阳脉。阴病见阳生可得。沉涩弦微弱属阴。阳病见有阴终死厄。阴阳交互最难明。
轻重斟量当别白。轻手脉浮为在表。表实浮而兼有力。但浮无力表中虚。自汗恶风常淅淅。
重手脉沉为在里。里实脉沉来亦实。重手无力大而虚。此是里虚宜审的。风则虚浮寒牢坚。
水停水 必沉潜。动则为痛数则热。支饮应须脉急弦。太过之脉为可怪。不及之脉亦如然。
荣卫太盛名高章。高章相搏名曰纲。荣卫微时名 卑。 卑相搏损名彰。荣卫既和名缓迟。
缓迟名沉此最良。九种脉中辨虚实。长沙之诀妙难忘。瞥瞥有如羹上肥。此脉定知阳气微。
萦萦来似蛛丝细。却是体中阴气衰。脉如泻漆之绝者。疾人亡血更何疑。阳结蔼蔼如车盖。
阴结循竿亦象之。阳盛则促来一止。阴盛则结缓而迟。纵横逆顺宜审察。残贼灾怪要须知。
脉静人病内虚故。人安脉病曰行尸。右手气口当主气。主血人迎左其位。气口紧盛食必伤。
人迎紧盛风邪炽。数为在腑迟为脏。浮为在表沉在里。浮紧兼涩寒伤荣。脉浮而缓风伤卫。
脉浮大忌令人吐。欲下犹防虚且细。沉微气弱汗为难。三者要须常审记。阳加于阴有汗证。
左手沉微却应未。跗阳胃脉定死生。太溪肾脉为根蒂。脉来六至与七至。邪气渐深须用意。
浮大昼加并属阳。沉细夜加分阴位。九至以上来短促。状若涌泉无入气。更加悬绝渐无根。
命绝天真当死矣。病患三部脉调匀。大小浮沉迟速类。此是阴阳气已和。勿药自然应可喜。
（出自《伤寒百证歌》）
浮、大、数、滑、动等脉象属于阳脉。阴病若出现阳脉，表示正气尚存，预后良好，可治。沉、涩、弦、微、弱等脉象属于阴脉。阳病若出现阴脉，表示正气衰败，预后不良，有死亡的危险。阴阳脉象的交错变化最为难以辨明，必须仔细权衡病情的轻重，加以辨别清楚。
轻取即得、脉位表浅为在表。表实证表现为脉浮且兼有力。若仅见脉浮而无力，则为表虚证，患者常自汗出、怕风，身体常有淅淅恶寒之感。
重按始得、脉位深沉为在里。里实证表现为脉沉且来势坚实。若重按感觉无力，且脉形大而空虚，这是里虚证，应当仔细审察确认。
风邪致病，脉象多虚浮；寒邪致病，脉象多牢坚。水饮停聚，脉象必沉潜。动脉主痛证，数脉主热证。支饮病应当见到急弦之脉。太过盛的脉象令人惊怪，不及的脉象也是如此。
营卫之气太盛，称为“高章”。高章相搏，称为“纲”。营卫之气微弱时，称为“卑”。卑相搏结，损伤明显，称为“彰”。营卫调和之时，脉象称为“缓迟”。缓迟且沉，这是最好的脉象。在九种脉象中辨别虚实，是长沙太守张仲景的精妙诀要，令人难忘。
脉象瞥瞥，像羹汤表面的油脂一样漂浮不定，这种脉象必定知道阳气微弱。脉象萦萦，像蛛丝一样细软，这是体内阴气衰弱的表现。脉象像泻漆那样突然中断，病人亡失血液，还有什么可疑的呢？
阳结之脉，蔼蔼然如车盖般盛大；阴结之脉，循竿状亦象之（指脉象坚硬如竹竿）。阳盛则脉促，来去一止；阴盛则脉结，缓而迟。纵横逆顺的脉象应当仔细审察，残贼、灾怪的脉象必须知晓。
脉象平静而人患病，是因为内部虚弱。人看似安适但脉象异常，称为“行尸”（死症）。右手气口脉主要主管气，左手人迎脉主要主管血（注：此处原文逻辑似有混淆或特定语境，通常左寸关尺候血/阴，右寸关尺候气/阳，或人迎在颈部，此处依原文翻译其对应关系）。气口脉紧盛，饮食必伤；人迎脉紧盛，风邪炽盛。
数脉主腑病，迟脉主脏病。浮脉主表，沉脉主里。浮紧兼涩，为寒邪伤及营血；脉浮而缓，为风邪伤及卫气。
脉浮大者，忌用吐法；想要用下法，还要防备脉象虚且细。脉沉微且气弱，发汗困难。这三种情况必须经常审察牢记。阳加于阴而有汗出的证候，左手脉沉微却不应有此汗（注：此处意指脉证不符或特定禁忌）。跗阳脉（胃脉）决定生死，太溪脉（肾脉）为根本。
脉来一至跳动六次至七次，说明邪气逐渐深入，须用心诊治。浮大之脉白天加重，归属于阳；沉细之脉夜间加重，归属于阴。九至以上，脉来短促，状如涌泉而无入气（只出不进），再加上脉象悬绝、渐渐无根，天命已绝，天真之气丧失，当死矣。
(From *Shanghan Baizheng Ge*)
Floating (Fu), large (Da), rapid (Shu), slippery (Hua), and surging (Dong) pulses belong to Yang pulses. If a Yin disease presents with a Yang pulse, it indicates that the healthy Qi is still present, the prognosis is good, and it is treatable. Sinking (Chen), choppy (Se), wiry (Xian), thin (Wei), and weak (Ruo) pulses belong to Yin pulses. If a Yang disease presents with a Yin pulse, it indicates that the healthy Qi is exhausted, the prognosis is poor, and there is a risk of death. The interplay between Yin and Yang pulses is the most difficult to clarify; one must carefully weigh the severity of the condition to distinguish them clearly.
A pulse felt lightly at the superficial level indicates a Exterior syndrome. An Exterior Excess pattern manifests as a floating pulse that is also forceful. If only a floating pulse without force is seen, it indicates an Exterior Deficiency pattern, where the patient often experiences spontaneous sweating, aversion to wind, and a sensation of shivering cold (Xi Xi).
A pulse felt heavily at the deep level indicates an Interior syndrome. An Interior Excess pattern manifests as a sinking pulse that is firm upon pressure. If heavy pressure reveals weakness, and the pulse shape is large yet empty, this is an Interior Deficiency pattern, which requires careful examination and confirmation.
Wind pathogens typically cause a deficiency-floating pulse; Cold pathogens typically cause a firm and hard pulse. Accumulation of water-fluids必然 results in a sinking and submerged pulse. A surging pulse indicates pain; a rapid pulse indicates heat. In cases of Zhi Yin (fluid retention under the diaphragm), an urgent and wiry pulse should be observed. Pulses that are excessively strong are startling, while those that are deficient are similarly notable.
When Ying (Nutrient) and Wei (Defensive) Qi are excessive, it is called "Gao Zhang" (High and Chapter). When Gao Zhang interacts, it is called "Gang" (Cord/Rope). When Ying and Wei Qi are weak, it is called "Bei" (Low/Humble). When Bei interacts, causing obvious damage, it is called "Zhang" (Manifest/Clear). When Ying and Wei are harmonized, the pulse is called "Huan Chi" (Slow and Delayed). A Huan Chi pulse that is sinking is considered the best. Distinguishing Deficiency and Excess among the nine types of pulses is the exquisite secret of Changsha (Zhang Zhongjing), which is wonderful and unforgettable.
A pulse that flits about like fat on the surface of soup indicates that Yang Qi is definitely weak. A pulse that is slender and fine like a spider's silk indicates that Yin Qi in the body is declining. A pulse that cuts off abruptly like pouring lacquer indicates blood loss in the patient, leaving no room for doubt.
The pulse of Yang Jie (Yang Knotting) is abundant and grand like a chariot canopy. The pulse of Yin Jie (Yin Knotting) is rigid like a bamboo rod. Yang excess leads to a Cui (Intermittent) pulse, stopping after every beat. Yin excess leads to a Jie (Knotted) pulse, slow and delayed. One must carefully examine longitudinal, transverse, reverse, and smooth pulses, and must know the residual, harmful, and abnormal pulses.
If the pulse is calm but the person is ill, it is due to internal deficiency. If the person appears well but the pulse is abnormal, it is called "Xing Shi" (Walking Corpse), a fatal sign. The Qi Kou pulse on the right hand primarily governs Qi; the Ren Ying pulse on the left primarily governs Blood. A tight and full Qi Kou pulse indicates injury from food stagnation. A tight and full Ren Ying pulse indicates rampant Wind pathogen. A rapid pulse indicates a Fu organ disease; a slow pulse indicates a Zang organ disease. A floating pulse indicates the Exterior; a sinking pulse indicates the Interior. Floating, tight, and choppy indicate Cold injuring the Ying blood. Floating and slow indicate Wind injuring the Wei Qi.
For a floating and large pulse, vomiting therapy is contraindicated. If considering purgative therapy, one must still guard against the pulse being deficient and fine. For sinking, minute, and weak pulses with deficient Qi, inducing sweat is difficult. These three situations must be constantly remembered and examined. When Yang adds to Yin, sweating occurs. However, if the left hand pulse is sinking and minute, sweating should not occur (or indicates a specific contradiction). The Fu Yang pulse (Stomach pulse) determines life and death; the Tai Xi pulse (Kidney pulse) is the root.
A pulse beating six to seven times per breath indicates that the pathogenic Qi is gradually deepening, requiring careful attention. A floating and large pulse worsening during the day belongs to Yang. A sinking and fine pulse worsening at night belongs to Yin. A pulse beating nine or more times per breath is short and abrupt, resembling a gushing spring with no return flow. If accompanied by a hanging and isolated quality and gradual loss of root, the Heavenly Truth is severed, and death is imminent.
If the pulses in the three positions of the patient are uniform, similar in size, depth, floating/sinking, speed, and slowness, this indicates that Yin and Yang Qi are already harmonized. Medication is unnecessary, and natural recovery should be a source of joy.