辰砂散 治诸癫痫。辰砂一两，枣仁半两微炒，乳香半两。各为末，量患人能饮酒几何，先令恣饮，但勿
令吐，至静室中，
以前药温酒调作一盏，令顿饮。如饮酒素少者，但随量取醉，服药讫，便令安卧。病浅者半日至一日，病深者
二、三日，不可惊触使觉，待其自醒，则神魂定矣。万一惊寤，不可复治。正肃吴公少患心疾，服此五日方寤，遂瘥。
经义
黄帝问曰∶厥之寒热者，何也？岐伯对曰∶阳气衰于下，则为寒厥；阴气衰于下，则为热厥。帝曰∶热
厥之为热也，必起于足下者何也？岐伯曰∶阳气起于足五指之表，阴脉者，集于足下而聚于足心，故阳气胜则
足下热也。帝曰∶寒厥之为寒也，必从五指而上于膝者何也？岐伯曰∶阴气起于五指之里，集于膝下而聚于膝
上，故阴气胜则从五指至膝上寒。其寒也，不从外，皆从内也。○阳气者，烦劳则张，精绝，辟积于夏，使人
煎厥。○阳气者，大怒则形气绝而血菀于上，使人薄厥。○秋伤于湿，上逆而咳，发为痿厥。○脉至如喘，名曰
暴厥。○血之与气并走于上，则为大厥。○内夺而厥，则为喑痱，此肾虚也。少阴不至者，厥也。○厥逆连脏则
死，连经则生。（《素问》）
邪客于手足少阴太阴足阳明之络，此五络皆会于耳中，上络左角，五络俱竭，令人身脉皆动而神无知也，
其状若尸，故曰尸厥。（《灵枢》）
哲言
凡厥者，阴阳气不相顺接便为厥。厥者，手足逆冷是也。（张仲景）
人身气血灌注经脉，刻刻流行，绵绵不绝，凡一昼夜当五十
度营于身。或外因六淫，内因七情，气血痰食，皆能阻遏营运之机，致阴阳二气不相接续而厥作焉。厥而口噤
牙闭者，实厥也；厥而口张自汗者，虚厥也。（《证治汇补》）
厥证之起于足者，厥发之始也。甚至卒倒暴厥，忽不知人，轻则渐苏，重则即死，最为急候。后世不察，
但以手足寒热为厥，又以香港脚为厥者，谬之甚也。虽仲景有寒厥、热厥之分，亦以手足为言，盖彼自辨伤寒之
寒热耳，实非《内经》之所谓厥也。今人不知厥证，而皆指为中风。夫中风者，病多经络之受伤；厥逆者，直
因精气之内夺。表里实虚，病情当辨。（张景岳）
厥有数种∶有因肝风痰火及龙雷之火上冲而作者，有因相火上冲阳明气塞而作者，有因胆怯心虚痰火气闭
而作者，有因元气虚逆而作者，有因风寒邪闭而作者。又有尸厥、煎厥、痿厥、食厥、痉厥、痫厥，与夫角弓
反张之类，最易惊人，极难识别，须详审色脉，分别施治。大概以大指掐拳内者重，掐拳外者轻；脉大浮洪有
力者易治，脉沉细数急不连贯者难治；面青，环口青，唇白，鼻孔黑，人中吊者危。此论极为秘要。（孙庆曾）
阴精衰，则火独治而有热厥；命火衰，则水独治而有寒厥。是二厥皆生于肾，以肾为水火之司也。（吴鹤皋）
寒厥暴亡，与中寒异。盖中寒之寒，乃随中随发；寒厥之寒，乃由寒邪久伏于内，复有新寒触之，遂厥而
暴亡。故其证状虽皆口噤，四肢强直，昏不知人，而其原实一为即发之病，一为积久触发之病，此其原异。且
发时，中寒则卒然僵仆，人不及防；寒厥则先四末逆冷，而后昏冒强直，其间少需时候，此其病作亦异。且中
寒仓卒间一身受邪，难分经络；寒厥则邪之所积，早入脏腑，内陷已深，此其病所自发又异。然则"寒厥暴亡"
四字，谓其因寒致厥而后暴亡，非如中寒、中暑、中恶、中气等卒中而亡之暴也。每一病古人立一名，夫岂徒
哉！（《见闻录》）
补编
阳厥补阴，壮水之主；阴厥补阳，益火之原。此阴厥、阳厥与伤寒之阴、阳二厥不同。伤寒阳厥用推陈致
新，阴厥用附子理中，冰炭殊途，死生反掌。（《赵氏医贯》）
厥者，从下逆上之病；痉者，明其风强之状。是证总由血气日偏，阴阳一并而成，譬如风雷之烈猛，郁极
而发也。大抵可吐者，如痰食填塞胸中，用瓜蒂散及烧盐探引；可清可折者，如厥阳壮火，升逆莫制，用玉女
煎、龙荟丸；可开可降者，如气厥、薄厥而形气暴绝，有五磨饮及蒲黄酒。秽浊蒙神而昏乱无知者，有牛黄至
宝及苏合香丸；飞尸卒厥者，先宜酒醴引导，并施针灸。若从虚论，如内夺而厥者，有地黄饮子之通摄下焦；
烦劳阳张，令人煎厥者，有人参固本，加入金箔、方诸水，壮水制火。血厥阳腾络弗，参乎从阴从阳。色厥，
精脱于下，急与大剂挽元；肾厥，宗许学士之椒附以通阳；蛔厥，有仲景之安蛔法。阳极用救阴之剂，阴极有
扶阳之方。是证独重在肝，盖肝者，将军之官，善干他脏者也。肝气一逆，则诸气皆逆，气逆则痰生，火沸风
旋，神迷魂荡，无所不至矣。若犯于上者，不免凌金烁液，有门冬汤及琼玉膏之补金柔制；若犯于中而为呕为
胀者，用六君去术加木瓜、姜、芍及附子粳米汤加人参，补胃平肝；若震及心脾而为悸为消者，用甘麦大枣合
龙、蛎，缓急重镇；若挟少阳之威而乘巅绕络者，用羚角、钩藤、元参、连翘，熄风清络；若本脏自病而体用
失和者，以椒、梅、桂、芍，益体宣用；若因母脏之虚而扰及子脏之位者，用三才配合龟、甲、磁、朱及复脉
减辛味复入鸡黄，安摄子母。至于痿厥之治，取血肉介类，改汤为膏，谓其力味重实，填隙止厥最速。（《临证指南》）
暴死卒倒，其因甚多。如暴仆口噤吐涎，体暖脉虚者，中风也，分辨真伪施治。如腹痛额黑，手足收引，
脉来沉迟，无气以息者，中寒也，宜理中四逆汤，更灸关元。有本质阴虚，暑途劳役，暴仆昏绝者，名曰中暑，
宜生脉散加香藿。如卒倒有痰声者，
名曰痰厥，宜六君子汤加竹沥、姜汁。有行立之间暴眩仆绝，喉无痰声，身无邪热者，此阴虚而阳暴绝也，宜
独参汤。有暴怒卒倒，身冷无涎者，名曰气厥，宜四磨饮。有食后着寒着气而暴死者，名曰食厥，宜二陈汤探
吐之。有大怒载血瘀于心胸而暴死者，名曰血厥，宜逐瘀行血。有感臭秽瘴毒暴死者，名曰中恶，宜醋炭熏鼻，
醒后，以藿香正气散调之。或探丧入庙，暴绝，面赤不语者，名曰尸厥，亦宜醋炭熏鼻法，更服苏合丸。有伤
寒新瘥，与妇人交，忽患少腹急痛，外肾挛缩，面黑喘急，冷汗自出者，名曰脱元；有因大吐泻后，卒然肢厥，
不省人事者，名曰脱阳，俱急以葱白缚切，安放脐上，再以熨斗熨之，后灌参附姜汤。又有男女交接而死者，
有梦中脱泄而死者，治照前法，迟则不及。○男女涎潮于心，卒然中倒，扶入暖室端坐，作醋炭熏之，令醋气
入鼻，其涎自退。轻者即醒，重者亦知人事，不可一点汤水入喉，使痰系心包，必成废人。初厥用生半夏或细
辛、皂角末吹鼻，有嚏可治。（《证治汇补》）
凡中风、中气、中暑、中寒、暴厥，俱不得妄动以断其气。《内经》明言∶气复返则生。若扰乱其气，不
得复返，致夭枉者多矣。（汪石山）
肝风内煽，发厥不省人事，重用茯神木治效。此病虽属肝风内煽，然必上搏于心，心君为之不安。茯神本
治心，而中抱之木又属肝，以木制木，则风定心安而厥自止。（沈金鳌）
脉候
寸脉沉大而滑，为痰气食厥诸有余之证；微濡而弦，为阴阳虚厥诸不足之证；大小无常为尸厥；沉细无力
为蛔厥。（《证治汇补》）
选案
扁鹊过虢，虢太子死，扁鹊至宫门下，问中庶子喜方者曰∶太子何病？曰∶太子病血气不时，交错而不得
泄，暴发于外，则
为中害。精神不能止邪气，邪气蓄积而不得泄，是以阳缓而阴急，故暴蹶而死。扁鹊曰∶其死何如时？曰∶鸡
鸣至今。曰∶收乎？曰∶未也。言∶臣，秦越人也。闻太子不幸而死，臣能生之。中庶子曰∶先生得无诞乎？
何以言可生也？扁鹊曰∶子以吾言为不诚，试入诊太子，当闻其耳鸣而鼻张，循其两股以至于阴，当尚温也。
中庶子闻言，目眩舌挢。入报虢君，出见扁鹊于中阙曰∶窃闻高义之日久矣，先生过小国，幸而举之，偏国寡
臣幸甚！扁鹊曰∶若太子病，所谓尸蹶者也。乃使弟子子阳，厉针砥石，以取外三阳五会。有间，太子苏。使
子豹为五分之熨，以八减之齐和煮之，以更熨两胁下。太子起坐。更适阴阳，服汤二旬而复故。故天下尽以扁
鹊为能生死人。（《史记》）
宋仁宗宠妃，食次，忽仆倒身冷，急召孙尚杜任诊视。奏曰∶此气厥也，吐后即苏。御坐良久，果苏。上
问∶因何得此疾？对曰∶贵妃方食暴怒，气上与食相并，故厥。吐则气通，故苏。（《赤水玄珠》）
一妇患病六七日，时时晕倒，口眼微歪，胸膈胀痛。诊脉左关沉弦，右关搏指。询知因食面食，胸腹胀
痛起，次日便晕倒，至今亦未大便。此食厥也。用枳、朴、山楂、陈皮、半夏、木香、神曲、麦芽、煨姜、大
黄，使宿食去，胸膈舒，筋脉通利，各证自愈。（吴天士）
辰砂散 治疗各种癫痫。取辰砂一两，酸枣仁半两（微炒），乳香半两。将各药研为细末，根据患者平时能饮酒的量，先让其尽情饮用，但不要使其呕吐。然后进入安静的房间，用温酒调服前药制成的一盏量，让患者一次性饮下。如果患者平时饮酒很少，则根据其酒量使其喝醉，服药完毕后，立即让其安静躺卧。病情轻浅的，半天到一天；病情深重的，二、三天内，不可惊动使其醒来，等待其自行苏醒，那么神魂就能安定。万一惊醒，就无法再治了。正肃吴公年轻时患有心疾，服用此药五日后才苏醒，于是病愈。
经义
黄帝问道：厥证有寒热之分，是什么原因呢？岐伯回答说：阳气在下部衰少，就会发生寒厥；阴气在下部衰少，就会发生热厥。黄帝说：热厥产生的热感，为什么一定从足底开始呢？岐伯说：阳气起于足五指的外侧，阴脉汇聚于足下并聚集于足心，所以阳气胜则足底发热。黄帝说：寒厥产生的寒冷感，为什么一定从足五指向上蔓延至膝盖呢？岐伯说：阴气起于足五指的里侧，汇聚于膝下并聚集于膝上，所以阴气胜则从足五指至膝上发冷。这种寒冷并非来自外部，都是由内部产生的。○阳气受到烦劳过度则亢张，精气耗竭，若叠加于夏季，会导致煎厥。○阳气因大怒而致使形体之气隔绝，血液郁积于上部，导致薄厥。○秋季受湿邪侵袭，湿气上逆引起咳嗽，发展为痿厥。○脉搏急促如喘息状，称为暴厥。○血与气同时并走于上部，则为大厥。○肾精内夺而导致厥逆，则出现失音和足废不用，这是肾虚的表现。少阴经脉之气不至，即为厥。○厥逆连及内脏则死，连及经络则生。（《素问》）
邪气侵犯手足少阴、太阴及足阳明的络脉，这五条络脉都交会于耳中，上行联络左额角，若五条络脉之气都衰竭，会导致人身血脉皆动而神志无知，其状态像尸体一样，所以称为尸厥。（《灵枢》）
哲言
凡是厥证，都是阴阳之气不能顺利交接所致。所谓厥，就是手足逆冷。（张仲景）
人体的气血灌注于经脉，时刻流行，绵绵不绝，一昼夜在周身运行五十周次。若是外受六淫邪气，内伤七情，或是气血痰食阻滞，都能阻碍气血运行的机制，导致阴阳二气不能接续而发生厥证。厥证若口噤牙闭者，属于实厥；厥证若口张自汗者，属于虚厥。（《证治汇补》）
厥证发作始于足部，是厥发的开始。甚至突然昏倒、暴厥，忽然不知人事，轻则逐渐苏醒，重则立即死亡，是最危急的病候。后世医家不察，仅以手足寒热作为厥证的标准，又将香港脚（脚气）称为厥，这是极大的谬误。虽然张仲景有寒厥、热厥之分，也是针对手足而言，那是为了辨别伤寒的寒热罢了，实际上并非《内经》所说的厥证。今人不知厥证，都将之指认为中风。中风多是经络受伤；厥逆则是直接因精气内夺所致。表里虚实，病情应当辨别。（张景岳）
厥证有好几种：有因肝风痰火及龙雷之火上冲而发生的，有因相火上冲阳明气机阻塞而发生的，有因胆怯心虚痰火气闭而发生的，有因元气虚逆而发生的，有因风寒邪气闭塞而发生的。又有尸厥、煎厥、痿厥、食厥、痉厥、痫厥，以及角弓反张之类，最易使人惊恐，极难识别，必须详细审察面色和脉象，分别施治。大概拇指掐握拳内侧者为重，掐握拳外侧者为轻；脉象大浮洪有力者易治，脉象沉细数急不连贯者难治；面色青，口唇周围青，唇白，鼻孔黑，人中穴处肌肉吊紧者危重。此论述极为秘要。（孙庆曾）
阴精衰少，则火独旺而有热厥；命门火衰，则水独旺而有寒厥。这两种厥都生于肾，因为肾是水火的枢纽。（吴鹤皋）
寒厥暴亡，与中寒不同。中寒之寒，是随中随发；寒厥之寒，是由寒邪久伏于体内，又复感新寒触动，遂致厥逆而暴亡。所以症状虽然都有口噤、四肢强直、昏不知人，但其根源一个是即时发病，一个是积久触发，这是病因不同。且发作时，中寒则突然僵仆，人来不及防备；寒厥则先四肢末端逆冷，而后昏冒强直，中间有一段短暂时间，这是发病过程不同。且中寒仓促间全身受邪，难以分辨经络；寒厥则邪气积聚，早已入脏腑，内陷已深，这是病位自发不同。因此，“寒厥暴亡”四字，是指因寒致厥而后暴亡，不像中寒、中暑、中恶、中气等卒中而亡那样突然。每一个病古人立一个名，难道没有道理吗！（《见闻录》）
补编
阳厥需补阴，壮水之主；阴厥需补阳，益火之原。这与伤寒病的阴、阳二厥不同。伤寒阳厥用推陈致新法，阴厥用附子理中汤，冰炭殊途，生死反掌之间。（《赵氏医贯》）
厥证，是从下部逆乱上行的病；痉证，是说明风邪强盛的状况。此证总由气血日渐偏颇，阴阳一并失调而成，譬如风雷猛烈，郁极而发。大致可吐者，如痰食填塞胸中，用瓜蒂散及烧盐探引；可清可折者，如厥阳壮火，升逆莫制，用玉女煎、龙荟丸；可开可降者，如气厥、薄厥而形气暴绝，有五磨饮及蒲黄酒。秽浊蒙蔽心神而昏乱无知者，有牛黄至宝丹及苏合香丸；飞尸卒厥者，先宜酒醴引导，并施针灸。若从虚证论治，如内夺而厥者，有用地黄饮子通摄下焦；烦劳阳张，令人煎厥者，有人参固本汤，加入金箔、方诸水，壮水制火。血厥阳腾络腑，参乎从阴从阳。色厥，精脱于下，急与大剂挽元；肾厥，宗许学士之椒附汤以通阳；蛔厥，有仲景之安蛔法。阳极用救阴之剂，阴极有扶阳之方。此证独重在肝，盖肝为将军之官，善于干扰他脏。肝气一逆，则诸气皆逆，气逆则痰生，火沸风旋，神迷魂荡，无所不至。若犯于上，不免凌金烁液，用麦冬汤及琼玉膏补金柔制；若犯于中而为呕为胀者，用六君子汤去术加木瓜、姜、芍药及附子粳米汤加人参，补胃平肝；若震及心脾而为悸为消者，用甘麦大枣汤合龙骨、牡蛎，缓急重镇；若挟少阳之威而乘巅绕络者，用羚羊角、钩藤、玄参、连翘，熄风清络；若本脏自病而体用失和者，以花椒、乌梅、桂枝、芍药，益体宣用；若因母脏之虚而扰及子脏之位者，用三才汤配合龟板、甲片、磁石、朱砂及复脉汤减辛味复入鸡黄，安摄子母。至于痿厥的治疗，取血肉介类药材，改汤为膏，谓其力味重实，填隙止厥最速。（《临证指南》）
暴死卒倒，原因很多。如突然仆倒、口噤吐涎、身体温暖、脉虚者，是中风，需分辨真伪施治。如腹痛、额头黑、手足收缩牵引、脉来沉迟、无气以息者，是中寒，宜用理中汤、四逆汤，再加灸关元穴。有本质阴虚，暑天劳役，突然仆倒昏绝者，名为中暑，宜用生脉散加藿香。如突然倒下有痰声者，名为痰厥，宜用六君子汤加竹沥、姜汁。有行立之间突然眩晕仆倒昏绝，喉无痰声，身无邪热者，此为阴虚而阳暴绝，宜用独参汤。有暴怒突然倒下，身冷无涎者，名为气厥，宜用四磨饮。有食后着寒着气而暴死者，名为食厥，宜用二陈汤探吐。有大怒载血瘀于心胸而暴死者，名为血厥，宜逐瘀行血。有感臭秽瘴毒暴死者，名为中恶，宜用醋炭熏鼻，醒后，以藿香正气散调理。或探访丧事入庙，突然昏绝，面赤不语者，名为尸厥，也宜用醋炭熏鼻法，更服苏合丸。有伤寒刚痊愈，与妇人交合，忽患少腹急痛，外生殖器挛缩，面黑喘急，冷汗自出者，名为脱元；有因大吐泻后，突然四肢厥冷，不省人事者，名为脱阳，俱急以葱白缚切，安放脐上，再以熨斗熨之，后灌参附姜汤。又有男女交接而死，梦中脱泄而死，治疗照前法，迟则不及。○男女交合时涎潮于心，突然中倒，扶入暖室端坐，作醋炭熏之，令醋气入鼻，其涎自退。轻者即醒，重者亦知人事，不可一点汤水入喉，使痰系心包，必成废人。初厥用生半夏或细辛、皂角末吹鼻，有嚏可治。（《证治汇补》）
凡中风、中气、中暑、中寒、暴厥，都不得妄动以断其气。《内经》明言：气复返则生。若扰乱其气，不得复返，致死夭折者多矣。（汪石山）
肝风内煽，发厥不省人事，重用茯神木治疗有效。此病虽属肝风内煽，然必上搏于心，心君为之不安。茯神本治心，而中抱之木又属肝，以木制木，则风定心安而厥自止。（沈金鳌）
脉候
寸脉沉大而滑，为痰气食厥诸有余之证；脉微濡而弦，为阴阳虚厥诸不足之证；脉大小无常为尸厥；脉沉细无力为蛔厥。（《证治汇补》）
选案
扁鹊经过虢国，虢太子死了，扁鹊来到宫门下，问喜好医方的中庶子说：“太子得的是什么病？”回答说：“太子病血气运行不时，交错而不能泄，暴发于外，则成为中害。精神不能制止邪气，邪气蓄积而不能泄，所以阳缓而阴急，故暴厥而死。”扁鹊说：“他什么时候死的？”回答说：“从鸡鸣到现在。”扁鹊说：“收殓了吗？”回答说：“还没有。”扁鹊说：“臣是秦越人，听说太子不幸而死，臣能使他复活。”中庶子说：“先生该不是骗我吧？为什么说能活？”扁鹊说：“如果您认为我的话不真实，试着进去诊视太子，应当能听到他耳鸣而鼻孔张开，顺着他的两股直到阴部，应当还是温暖的。”中庶子听后，目眩舌挢。进去报告虢君，出来在中阙见到扁鹊说：“私下听说您的高义很久了，先生路过小国，幸而救治，偏国寡臣非常幸运！”扁鹊说：“如果太子病，就是所谓的尸蹶。”于是派弟子子阳，磨砺针石，以取外三阳五会穴。过了一会儿，太子苏醒。派子豹做五分之熨，用八减之齐调和煮之，以更熨两胁下。太子起身坐起。更适阴阳，服药二十天恢复如初。所以天下人都认为扁鹊能起死回生。（《史记》）
宋仁宗宠妃，进食时，突然仆倒身冷，急忙召孙尚杜任诊视。奏报说：“这是气厥，吐后即苏醒。”御座良久，果然苏醒。皇上问：“因何得此疾？”回答说：“贵妃正在进食时暴怒，气上与食相并，故厥。吐则气通，故苏。”（《赤水玄珠》）
一妇患病六七日，时时晕倒，口眼微歪，胸膈胀痛。诊脉左关沉弦，右关搏指。询问得知因吃面食，胸腹胀痛起，次日便晕倒，至今也未大便。这是食厥。用枳实、厚朴、山楂、陈皮、半夏、木香、神曲、麦芽、煨姜、大黄，使宿食去，胸膈舒，筋脉通利，各证自愈。（吴天士）
Chensha San (Cinnabar Powder) treats various types of epilepsy. Take Chensha (Cinnabar, 辰砂) one liang, Suanzaoren (Ziziphi Spinosae Semen, 酸枣仁) half a liang (lightly stir-fried), and Xuxiang (Frankincense, 乳香) half a liang. Grind each into fine powder. Based on the amount of alcohol the patient can normally consume, first allow them to drink freely, but do not let them vomit. Then enter a quiet room, mix the aforementioned medicine with warm wine to make one cup, and have the patient drink it all at once. If the patient usually drinks little alcohol, just get them drunk according to their capacity. After taking the medicine, immediately have them lie down quietly. For mild cases, within half a day to one day; for severe cases, two to three days, do not startle or touch them to wake them up. Wait for them to wake up naturally, then the Hun and Shen (Spirit and Soul) will be stabilized. If startled awake, it cannot be treated again. Official Zhengsu Wu Gong suffered from heart disease in his youth; after taking this medicine for five days, he finally woke up and was cured.
Jingyi (Scriptural Meaning)
The Yellow Emperor asked: What is the reason for cold and heat variations in Jue syndrome? Qibo replied: When Yang Qi is deficient below, Cold Jue occurs; when Yin Qi is deficient below, Heat Jue occurs. The Emperor said: Why does the heat sensation in Heat Jue always begin at the soles of the feet? Qibo said: Yang Qi originates from the dorsal aspect of the five toes of the foot, while Yin meridians gather at the sole and converge at the center of the foot. Therefore, when Yang Qi prevails, the soles become hot. The Emperor said: Why does the cold sensation in Cold Jue always spread from the five toes upward to the knees? Qibo said: Yin Qi originates from the plantar aspect of the five toes, gathers below the knees, and converges above the knees. Therefore, when Yin Qi prevails, coldness spreads from the five toes to above the knees. This coldness does not come from outside but arises from within. ○ When Yang Qi is overstimulated by excessive mental labor, it becomes hyperactive, leading to exhaustion of Essence. If this accumulates during summer, it causes Jian Jue (Frying Jue). ○ When Yang Qi is affected by extreme anger, the form and Qi become severed, and blood stagnates in the upper body, causing Bo Jue (Thinning Jue). ○ Injury by dampness in autumn leads to rebellious Qi and cough, developing into Wei Jue (Flaccidity Jue). ○ A pulse that resembles panting is called Bao Jue (Sudden Jue). ○ When Blood and Qi move together to the upper body, it results in Da Jue (Great Jue). ○ Internal depletion leading to Jue manifests as aphasia and flaccidity of the legs, indicating Kidney deficiency. When Shaoyin Qi fails to reach, it is Jue. ○ If Jue involves the Zang organs, death ensues; if it involves the Jing meridians, survival is possible. (Suwen)
Evil pathogens invading the collaterals of the Hand-Shaoyin, Foot-Shaoyin, Hand-Taiyin, Foot-Taiyin, and Foot-Yangming meridians—these five collaterals all converge in the ears and ascend to connect with the left corner of the head. If the Qi of these five collaterals is exhausted, the body's pulses may move while consciousness is lost. The condition resembles a corpse, hence it is called Shi Jue (Corpse Jue). (Lingshu)
Zheyan (Philosophical Remarks)
Generally speaking, Jue syndrome occurs when Yin and Yang Qi fail to connect smoothly. Jue refers to the reversal coldness of the hands and feet. (Zhang Zhongjing)
Human Qi and Blood irrigate the meridians, flowing continuously without interruption, circulating fifty times through the body in a day and night. External factors such as the Six Evils, internal factors such as the Seven Emotions, or obstructions by Qi, Blood, Phlegm, and Food can all hinder the mechanism of circulation, causing Yin and Yang Qi to fail to connect, resulting in Jue. If Jue presents with clenched jaws and closed teeth, it is Excess Jue; if it presents with an open mouth and spontaneous sweating, it is Deficiency Jue. (Zhengzhi Huibu)
Jue syndrome originating in the feet marks the beginning of its onset. It can even manifest as sudden collapse and violent Jue, with immediate loss of consciousness. Mild cases gradually recover, while severe cases result in immediate death, making it a critical emergency. Later generations failed to understand this, defining Jue merely by cold or hot extremities, and erroneously referring to Hong Kong Foot (Gout/Charcot joint) as Jue, which is a great mistake. Although Zhang Zhongjing distinguished between Cold Jue and Heat Jue, he referred specifically to the extremities to differentiate Cold and Heat in Shanghan (Cold Damage), which is not what Neijing refers to as Jue. Today, people do not recognize Jue syndrome and misidentify it as Zhongfeng (Wind Stroke). Zhongfeng typically involves injury to the meridians, whereas Jue is directly caused by the internal depletion of Essence and Qi. One must distinguish between exterior-interior and excess-deficiency conditions. (Zhang Jingyue)
There are several types of Jue: those caused by Liver Wind, Phlegm-Fire, and Dragon-Lei Fire rushing upward; those caused by Ministerial Fire rushing upward and blocking Stomach Qi; those caused by Gallbladder timidity, Heart deficiency, Phlegm-Fire, and Qi closure; those caused by deficiency and rebellion of Yuan Qi; and those caused by obstruction by Wind-Cold pathogens. There are also Shi Jue, Jian Jue, Wei Jue, Shi Jue (Food Jue), Jing Jue, Xian Jue, and conditions like opisthotonos. These are most startling and difficult to identify; one must carefully examine the complexion and pulse to treat accordingly. Generally, if the thumb presses inward on the fist, it is severe; if outward, it is mild. Pulses that are large, floating, full, and forceful are easy to treat; pulses that are deep, thin, rapid, urgent, and irregular are difficult to treat. Cyanosis of the face, perioral cyanosis, white lips, black nostrils, and retraction of the philtrum indicate danger. This discussion is extremely secret and essential. (Sun Qingzeng)
Deficiency of Yin Essence leads to Fire dominating alone, causing Heat Jue; deficiency of Mingmen Fire leads to Water dominating alone, causing Cold Jue. Both Jues originate in the Kidney, as the Kidney governs Water and Fire. (Wu Hegao)
Cold Jue with sudden death differs from Zhonghan (Cold Strike). The cold in Zhonghan arises immediately upon exposure; the cold in Cold Jue stems from Cold pathogens潜伏 (latent) internally for a long time, triggered by new Cold invasion, leading to Jue and sudden death. Thus, although symptoms include clenched jaws, rigid limbs, and unconsciousness, one is an immediate illness, while the other is triggered by accumulated pathology, differing in origin. Furthermore, Zhonghan causes sudden collapse without warning, whereas Cold Jue begins with cold extremities followed by stupor and rigidity, showing a difference in onset. Zhonghan affects the whole body suddenly, making meridian differentiation difficult; Cold Jue involves pathogens that have already entered the Zang-Fu organs deeply, differing in pathological location. Therefore, "Cold Jue sudden death" refers to death following Jue induced by Cold, unlike the sudden death from Zhonghan, Zhongshu (Heat Strike), Zhonge (Poison Strike), or Zhongqi (Qi Strike). Each disease has a specific name established by ancients, which is not arbitrary! (Jianwen Lu)
Bupian (Supplement)
For Yang Jue, tonify Yin by strengthening the source of Water; for Yin Jue, tonify Yang by benefiting the origin of Fire. This differs from the Yin and Yang Jue in Shanghan. Shanghan Yang Jue uses methods to eliminate stale matter and generate new; Yin Jue uses Fuzi Lizhong Tang (Aconite and Ginger Decoction to Regulate the Middle). Ice and charcoal take different paths, determining life and death instantly. (Zhao's Medical Monograph)
Jue is a disease where Qi rebels upward from below; Jing (Spasm) describes the state of strong Wind. This syndrome generally results from daily deviation of Qi and Blood, leading to imbalance of Yin and Yang, resembling the ferocity of wind and thunder erupting from extreme depression. Generally, if vomiting is indicated, such as for Phlegm and Food obstructing the chest, use Genti San (Melon Seed Powder) and burnt salt to induce vomiting. If clearing and subduing is needed, such as for vigorous Yang Fire rising uncontrollably, use Yvü Nü Jian (Lady Yu's Decoction) and Longhui Wan (Dragon Ash Pill). If opening and descending is required, such as for Qi Jue or Bo Jue with sudden cessation of form and Qi, use Wumo Yin (Five Moths Drink) and Pu Huang Jiu (Polygonatum Wine). For turbid pathogens clouding the Spirit causing confusion and unconsciousness, use Niuhuang Zhibao Dan (Calculus Bovis Treasure Pill) and Suhexiang Wan (Styrax Pill). For Feishi Zujue (Flying Corpse Sudden Jue), first guide with sweet wine and apply acupuncture/moxibustion. If treating from deficiency, such as internal depletion causing Jue, use Dihuang Yinzi (Rehmannia Decoction) to secure the Lower Jiao. For Jian Jue caused by mental labor and Yang hyperactivity, use Renshen Guben Tang (Ginseng Root-Solidifying Decoction) added with Gold Leaf and Fangzhu Shui (Square Pearl Water) to strengthen Water and control Fire. For Xue Jue (Blood Jue) with Yang surging in collaterals, refer to Yin/Yang principles. For Se Jue (Color Jue) with Essence depletion below, urgently administer large doses to salvage Yuan Qi. For Shen Jue (Kidney Jue), follow Xu Xueshi's Jiaofu Tang (Pepper and Aconite Decoction) to unblock Yang. For Hui Jue (Roundworm Jue), follow Zhang Zhongjing's method to calm roundworms. Extreme Yang uses Yin-nourishing formulas; extreme Yin uses Yang-supporting formulas. This syndrome focuses primarily on the Liver, the General Officer, which easily interferes with other Zang organs. Once Liver Qi rebels, all Qi rebels; Qi rebellion generates Phlegm, Fire boils, Wind spins, confusing the Spirit and scattering the Soul. If attacking upwards, it damages Metal and melts fluids; use Maidong Tang (Ophiopogon Decoction) and Qiongyu Gao (Jade Paste) to tonify Metal and soften constraints. If attacking the middle causing vomiting and distension, use Liujunzi Tang (Six Gentlemen Decoction) minus Atractylodes, adding Chaotou (Unripe Citron), Ginger, and Peony, plus Fuzi Jingmi Tang (Aconite and Rice Decoction) with Ginseng to tonify Stomach and soothe Liver. If affecting Heart and Spleen causing palpitations and wasting, use Ganmai Dazao Tang (Licorice, Wheat, and Jujube Decoction) combined with Longgu (Dragon Bone) and Muli (Oyster Shell) to relax urgency and anchor firmly. If involving Shaoyang power attacking the vertex and collaterals, use Lingjiao (Antelope Horn), Gouteng (Uncaria), Xuanshen (Scrophularia), and Lianqiao (Forsythia) to extinguish Wind and clear collaterals. If the organ itself is diseased with disharmony of substance and function, use Pepper, Sour Plum, Cinnamon Twig, and Peony to nourish substance and promote function. If due to Mother Zang deficiency disturbing the Child Zang position, use Sancai Tang (Three Capabilities Decoction) combined with Turtle Shell, Tortoise Shell, Magnetite, and Cinnabar, plus Maixue Maijin Tang (Pulse-Returning Decoction) reducing pungent flavors and adding Chicken Yolk to stabilize mother and child. For Wei Jue treatment, use animal and shellfish materials, converting decoctions to pastes, as their heavy flavor and potency fill gaps and stop Jue fastest. (Linzheng Zhinan)
Sudden death and collapse have many causes. If sudden collapse with clenched jaws, salivation, warm body, and deficient pulse occurs, it is Zhongfeng (Wind Stroke); distinguish true from false to treat. If abdominal pain, black forehead, contracted limbs, slow-deep pulse, and inability to breathe occur, it is Zhonghan (Cold Strike); use Lizhong Tang (Regulate the Middle Decoction) and Sini Tang (Reverse the Extremity Decoction), plus moxibustion on Guanyuan. If underlying Yin deficiency,劳累 (labor) in summer heat, sudden collapse and unconsciousness occur, it is named Zhongshu (Summerheat Strike); use Shengmai San (Generate the Pulse Powder) plus Huoxiang (Patchouli). If sudden collapse with phlegm sounds occur, it is named Tan Jue (Phlegm Jue); use Liujunzi Tang plus Zhulü (Bamboo Juice) and Jiangzhi (Ginger Juice). If sudden dizziness and collapse while walking or standing, with no phlegm sounds and no external heat, it is Yin deficiency with sudden Yang cessation; use Dushen Tang (Single Ginseng Decoction). If sudden collapse after rage, with cold body and no saliva, it is named Qi Jue (Qi Jue); use Simo Yin (Four Moths Drink). If sudden death after eating, exposed to cold or anger, it is named Shi Jue (Food Jue); use Erchen Tang (Two Aged Decoction) to induce vomiting. If sudden death due to blood stasis in chest/heart from rage, it is named Xue Jue (Blood Jue); use blood-invigorating and stasis-dispelling methods. If sudden death from foul odors or miasma toxins, it is named Zhonge (Poison Strike); use vinegar-charcoal fumigation for the nose, followed by Huoxiang Zhengqi San (Patchouli and Magnolia Bark Powder) after waking. If sudden collapse after visiting a funeral temple, with red face and muteness, it is named Shi Jue (Corpse Jue); also use vinegar-charcoal fumigation and Suhexiang Wan. If sudden lower abdominal pain, testicular retraction, black face, rapid breathing, and cold sweat after sexual intercourse following recovery from Shanghan, it is named Tuoyuan (Loss of Origin); if sudden limb coldness and unconsciousness after severe vomiting/diarrhea, it is named Tuoyang (Loss of Yang); both require binding sliced green onion to the navel and applying heat with an iron, followed by infusion of Renshen Fuzi Jiangtang (Ginseng, Aconite, and Ginger Decoction). Deaths from sexual intercourse or nocturnal emission should be treated similarly; delay is fatal. ○ During intercourse, if saliva floods the heart causing sudden collapse, move to a warm room, sit upright, and fumigate with vinegar-charcoal to inhale vinegar vapor, which reduces saliva. Mild cases wake immediately; severe cases regain consciousness. Do not allow any liquid to enter the throat to prevent Phlegm from binding the Pericardium, which would cause permanent disability. For initial Jue, blow powdered raw Banxia (Pinellia), Xixin (Asarum), or Zaojiao (Gleditsia) into the nose; sneezing indicates treatability. (Zhengzhi Huibu)
For Zhongfeng, Zhongqi, Zhongshu, Zhonghan, and Bao Jue, do not recklessly disturb the Qi to cut it off. Neijing clearly states: If Qi returns, there is life. Disturbing the Qi prevents its return, causing many premature deaths. (Wang Shishan)
Internal stirring of Liver Wind causing Jue and unconsciousness responds well to high doses of Fushenmu (Poria with Pine Root). Although this disease belongs to internal Liver Wind stirring, it must attack the Heart, unsettling the Heart Sovereign. Fushen treats the Heart, while the pine root within belongs to the Liver. Using Wood to control Wood stabilizes Wind, calms the Heart, and stops Jue. (Shen Jin'ao)
Maihou (Pulse Diagnosis)
Cun pulse deep, large, and slippery indicates Excess syndromes like Tan-Qi-Shi Jue (Phlegm-Qi-Food Jue); Cun pulse faint, soft, and wiry indicates Deficiency syndromes like Yin-Yang Deficient Jue; Cun pulse varying in size indicates Shi Jue (Corpse Jue); Cun pulse deep, thin, and weak indicates Hui Jue (Roundworm Jue). (Zhengzhi Huibu)
Xuan'an (Selected Cases)
Bian Que passed through Guo State, where the Crown Prince had died. Bian Que went to the palace gate and asked a Zhongshuzi (Attendant) who favored medical arts: "What illness did the Crown Prince have?" He replied: "The Prince's Qi and Blood were out of harmony, intermingling without discharge. Bursting outward, it became a central harm. Spirit could not restrain the evil pathogen, which accumulated without discharge, causing Yang to slacken and Yin to tighten, hence sudden Jue death." Bian Que asked: "When did he die?" Reply: "From cockcrow until now." Bian Que: "Has he been buried?" Reply: "No." Bian Que: "I am Qin Yue Ren. Hearing of the Prince's unfortunate death, I can bring him back to life." The attendant said: "Surely you are joking? How can you say he can live?" Bian Que: "If you doubt me, go diagnose him. You will hear ear ringing and nasal flaring; touching his thighs down to the genitals, they will still be warm." The attendant was dazzled and tongue-tied. He reported to the ruler of Guo, then met Bian Que at the central gate, saying: "I have long admired your noble reputation. You passed our small state and fortunately saved him; we are very fortunate!" Bian Que said: "If the Prince's illness is indeed what is called Shi Jue (Corpse Collapse)." He sent his disciple Zi Yang to sharpen needles and stones to treat Waisan Yang Wuhui (Exterior Three Yang Five Meetings acupoints). After a short while, the Prince revived. He sent Zi Bao to prepare a five-part warming compress using Bajian Zhi Qi (Eight Reduction Formula) boiled and applied to both hypochondria. The Prince sat up. They balanced Yin and Yang, administered decoction for twenty days, and he recovered completely. Thus, the world considered Bian Que able to raise the dead. (Shiji)
Consort of Song Renzong, while eating, suddenly collapsed with cold limbs. Sun Shang Du was summoned. He reported: "This is Qi Jue; she will revive after vomiting." After a while, she indeed revived. The Emperor asked: "Why did she get this illness?" He replied: "The Consort was furious while eating. Qi rose and merged with food, causing Jue. Vomiting allowed Qi to flow, hence revival." (Chishui Xuanzhu)
A woman was ill for six or seven days, fainting repeatedly with slight deviation of mouth and eyes, and chest/epigastric distension and pain. Pulse: Left Guan deep and wiry; Right Guan pounding. Inquiry revealed symptoms started after eating wheat products, with chest/abdominal distension/pain, followed by fainting the next day, and no bowel movement since. This is Shi Jue (Food Jue). Use Zhishi (Immature Bitter Orange), Houpo (Magnolia Bark), Shanzha (Hawthorn), Chenpi (Tangerine Peel), Banxia (Pinellia), Muxiang (Aucklandia), Shenqu (Medicated Leaven), Maiya (Malt), Weijiang (Baked Ginger), and Dahuang (Rhubarb). This expels retained food, relieves chest/distension, unblocks sinews/collaterals, and cures the symptoms. (Wu Tianshi)