眼赤肿痛，古方用药内外不同。在内汤、散，则用苦寒、辛凉以泻其火；在外点、洗，则用辛热、辛凉以散其
邪，故点药莫要于冰片。冰片性大辛热。故借以拔出火邪而散其热气也。有用烧酒洗眼，或用姜末、姜汁点眼
者，皆此意也。盖赤眼是火邪内炎，上攻于目。内治药用苦寒，是治其本，如锅底之去薪也。然火邪既客于目，
从内出外，若外用寒凉以阻逆之，则火郁内攻，不得散矣，故点药用辛热而洗眼用热汤，是火郁发之，从治法
也。○人乳点眼，久病昏暗者极效。以乳与血同源，目得血而能视也。（王节斋）
凡火眼赤涩，以自己小便出时，用指接抹眼中，日三、四次，闭目少顷，神效。此用真水涤去邪热也。（《医学纲目》）
选案
鲍铁匠，铁出炉，一花射入目中，痛倒在地。招予视之，张
其目，拨出铁花，大如豆瓣。在黑白珠交界之所，瞳人未伤。命取新汲水磨陈墨浓汁频涂，少时痛止安卧，次
日竟得无恙。或问用墨何意？予曰∶水胜火，黑胜红，五行相制之义。（许宣治）
张石虹老师病目，芩、连、栀、柏无往不投，两目收束，上皮浮肿盖下，诊脉两尺浮大，右关浮软，予曰∶
脾肾俱虚，寒药所误。用六君加柴胡、归、芍，六味加柴胡、枸杞间服，二日全消。（程华仲）
一人眼睛突出一二寸，以新汲水灌渍，数易之，自入。（《同寿录》）
晋范宁目疾，就张湛求方。湛戏曰∶损读书一；减思虑二；专内视三；简外观四；宜起晚五；宜早眠六。
凡六物，熬以神火，下以气筛，蕴于胸中，纳诸方寸，修之一年，近能数其目睫，远视尺棰之影。常服不已，
洞见垣外矣。虽是嘲戏，亦奇方也。（《本事方》）
附方
洗方 治赤眼、烂弦风。防风、归尾、赤芍、黄柏、蝉蜕、胆矾，各等分。煎汤熏洗，早晚二次。
眼睛红肿疼痛，古代方剂在治疗用药上内服与外治有所不同。在内服汤剂、散剂时，使用苦寒、辛凉性质的药物来泻除火邪；在外用点眼药、洗眼药时，则使用辛热、辛凉性质的药物来疏散邪气，因此点眼药中以冰片最为重要。冰片性味大辛大热。所以借助它来拔出火邪并疏散热气。有用烧酒清洗眼睛，或用姜末、姜汁点眼的，都是这个意思。大概赤眼是火邪在内炎上，向上攻冲于目。内治药用苦寒之品，是治疗其根本，就像锅底下去柴火一样。然而火邪既然客居于眼部，从内向外发散，如果外用寒凉药物来阻逆它，那么火邪就会郁结在内而攻冲，无法散发，所以点眼药用辛热之品而洗眼用热汤，这是“火郁发之”的从治法。○人乳点眼，对于久病导致视力昏暗的情况极为有效。因为乳汁与血液同源，眼睛得到血液滋养才能视物。（王节斋）
凡是火眼红涩，在自己小便排出时，用手指接取尿液涂抹眼中，每天三、四次，闭目片刻，效果神奇。这是用真水（肾水）涤除邪热。（《医学纲目》）
选案
鲍铁匠，铁出炉时，一火星射入目中，痛倒在地。请我诊治，他睁开眼，拨出铁花，大小如豆瓣。位于黑珠（黑睛）与白珠（白睛）交界处，瞳仁未受伤。命令取新汲水磨陈墨浓汁频繁涂抹，不久疼痛停止安稳睡下，第二天竟然安然无恙。有人问用墨是什么意思？我说：水胜火，黑胜红，这是五行相克的道理。（许宣治）
张石虹老师患眼病，黄芩、黄连、栀子、黄柏等清热药无往不投，双眼收缩，上眼睑浮肿遮盖下眼睑，诊脉两尺部浮大，右关部浮软，我说：脾肾俱虚，被寒凉药物误治。用六君子汤加柴胡、当归、白芍，六味地黄丸加柴胡、枸杞子交替服用，两天全部消退。（程华仲）
一个人眼球突出了一二寸，用新汲水浸泡冲洗，多次更换，眼球自行回纳。（《同寿录》）
晋代范宁患眼疾，向张湛求方。张湛开玩笑说：减少读书一次；减少思虑二次；专心内视三次；简化对外观察四次；适宜晚起五次；适宜早眠六次。共六种方法，用神火熬制，以气息筛滤，蕴藏在胸中，纳入心宫（方寸），修养一年，近能数清自己的睫毛，远能看到一丈长的木棍的影子。常服不停止，就能洞见墙外的景象了。虽然是嘲弄玩笑的话，也是奇方。（《本事方》）
Redness, swelling, and pain of the eyes: ancient prescriptions differed in internal and external medication. For internal decoctions and powders, bitter-cold and acrid-cool herbs are used to drain fire; for external eye drops and washes, acrid-hot and acrid-cool herbs are used to disperse pathogenic factors. Therefore, among eye drops, borneol (Bingpian) is the most essential. Borneol has a strongly acrid and hot nature. Thus, it is employed to extract fire pathogens and disperse heat. Some use distilled liquor to wash the eyes, or apply ginger powder or ginger juice as eye drops; all these follow this principle. Generally, red eye results from fire pathogens flaring internally and attacking upward to the eyes. Internal treatment with bitter-cold herbs addresses the root cause, akin to removing firewood from under a pot. However, once fire pathogens lodge in the eyes and move outward, if cold and cooling agents are applied externally to obstruct them, the fire will become depressed and attack inward, failing to dissipate. Hence, using acrid-hot substances for eye drops and hot water for washing follows the method of "venting depression due to fire" (Huo Yu Fa Zhi), which is a contrary treatment approach. ○ Human milk applied to the eyes is extremely effective for chronic conditions causing dim vision. This is because milk and blood share the same origin, and the eyes require blood nourishment to see. (Wang Jiezhai)
For fiery eyes with redness and dryness/itchiness, one can collect urine during urination, apply it to the eyes with a finger three or four times daily, and keep the eyes closed for a moment. This yields miraculous effects. This utilizes true water (Kidney Water) to cleanse away pathogenic heat. (*Medical Outline*)
Selected Cases
Blacksmith Bao had an iron spark fly into his eye while working with molten iron, causing him to fall to the ground in pain. I was summoned to examine him. He opened his eye, and I extracted the spark, which was the size of a broad bean. It lodged at the junction of the cornea (Hei Zhu) and sclera (Bai Zhu), without injuring the pupil. I instructed him to grind aged ink in fresh well water to make a thick solution and apply it frequently. The pain ceased shortly after, and he slept peacefully. The next day, he recovered completely. Someone asked why ink was used. I replied: Water overcomes Fire, and Black overcomes Red; this illustrates the principle of mutual restraint among the Five Elements. (Xu Xuanzhi)
Teacher Zhang Shihong suffered from an eye disease. Treatments involving Scutellariae Radix (Huangqin), Coptidis Rhizoma (Huanglian), Gardeniae Fructus (Zhizi), and Phellodendri Cortex (Huangbai) were universally administered. His eyes appeared constricted, with upper eyelid edema covering the lower lid. His pulse was floating and large at both Chi positions, and floating and soft at the right Guan position. I stated: Both Spleen and Kidney are deficient, mismanaged by cold medicines. I prescribed Liu Jun Zi Tang (Six Gentlemen Decoction) added with Bupleuri Radix (Chaihu), Angelicae Sinensis Radix (Danggui), and Paeoniae Radix Alba (Baishao), alternating with Liu Wei Di Huang Wan (Six-Ingredient Pill with Rehmannia) added with Bupleuri Radix (Chaihu) and Lycii Fructus (Gouqi). After two days, the symptoms completely resolved. (Cheng Huazhong)
A person’s eyeball protruded by one or two inches. It was immersed repeatedly in fresh well water until it retracted naturally. (*Tongshou Lu*)
Fan Ning of the Jin Dynasty suffered from an eye ailment and sought a prescription from Zhang Zhan. Zhang jokingly advised: Reduce reading by one unit; reduce mental deliberation by two units; focus on inner visualization by three units; simplify external observation by four units; rise late by five units; sleep early by six units. These six items are processed with divine fire, filtered by breath, stored in the chest, and placed in the heart palace (Fangcun). Practiced for one year, one could count their own eyelashes up close and see the shadow of a ruler-length stick from afar. Continuous long-term use would allow one to see through walls. Although spoken as a jest, it is indeed a remarkable prescription. (*Ben Shi Fang*)
Attached Formulas
Wash Formula: Treats red eye and blepharitis (Lan Xian Feng). Saposhnikoviae Radix (Fangfeng), Angelicae Sinensis Radix (Dangguiwei), Paeoniae Radix Rubra (Chishao), Phellodendri Cortex (Huangbai), Bombyx Batryticatus (Chantui), and Chalcanthite (Danfan), each in equal parts. Decoct in water for fumigation and washing, twice daily, morning and evening.