喻昌曰∶医仁术也，仁人君子，必笃于情。笃于情，则视人犹己，问其所苦，自无不到之处。古人闭户塞牖，系之
病者，数问其情，以从其意，诚以得其欢心。则问者不觉烦，病者不觉厌，庶可详求本末，而治无误也。如尝贵后贱，
病名脱营。尝富后贫，病名失精。以及形志苦乐，病同法异；饮食起居，失时过节；忧愁恐惧，荡志离魂；所喜所恶，
气味偏殊；所宜所忌，禀性迥异；不问何以相体裁方耶？所以入国问俗，入家问讳，上堂问礼，临病患问所便。便者，
问其居处动静阴阳寒热性情之宜。如问其为病热，则便于用寒；问其为病寒，则便于用热之类，所谓顺而施之也。人多
偏执己见，逆之则拂其意，顺之则加其病，莫如之何。然苟设诚致问，明告以如此则善，如彼则败，谁甘死亡，而不降
心以从耶？至于受病情形，百端难尽。如初病口大渴，久病口中和，若不问而概以常法治之，宁不伤人乎？如未病素脾
约，才病忽便利，若不问而计日以施治，宁不伤人乎，如未病先有锢疾，已病重添新患，若不问而概守成法治之，宁不
伤人乎？如疑难证，着意对问，不得其情，他事间言，反呈真面。若不细问，而急遽妄投，宁不伤人乎？病形篇谓问
其病，知其处，命曰工。今之称为工者，问非所问。谀佞其间，病者欣然乐从。及病增更医，亦复如是。乃至 徨医药，
偶遇明者，仍复不投。此宜委曲开导，如对君父，未可飘然自外也。更可怪者，无知戚友探问，忘其愚陋，强逞明能，
言虚道实，指火称痰，抑孰知其无责而易言耶？坐令根据傍迎合，酿成末流，无所底止，良足悼矣。吾徒其明以律己，诚
以动人，共砥狂澜乎。
【律一条】
凡治病，不问病患所便，不得其情，草草诊过，用药无据，多所伤残，医之过也。
喻昌说：医学是仁爱的技艺，有仁德的人必定对病人怀有深厚的情感。因为情感深厚，所以看待病人就像看待自己一样，询问病人的痛苦所在，自然没有不周全的地方。古人关门闭窗，专心陪伴病人，多次询问其情状，以顺从病人的心意，确实是为了赢得病人的信任。这样，询问者不会觉得厌烦，病人也不会感到厌恶，或许才能详细探求疾病的本源和末节，治疗就不会出现错误。比如曾经显贵后来失势，这种病叫做“脱营”；曾经富裕后来贫穷，这种病叫做“失精”。还有形体与心志的苦乐不同，病症相同但治法各异；饮食起居，违背时节常规；忧愁恐惧，使意志消沉、魂魄离散；所喜好和厌恶的，气味偏颇特殊；适宜和禁忌的，禀性截然不同。如果不问清楚，怎么能根据具体情况来制定方剂呢？所以进入一个国家要询问风俗，进入一个家庭要询问忌讳，登上厅堂要询问礼仪，面对病患要询问其适宜之处。“适宜”，是指询问其居住环境、动静状态、阴阳寒热以及性情方面的适宜情况。比如询问他患的是热病，就适宜使用寒凉药物；询问他患的是寒病，就适宜使用温热药物之类，这就是所谓的顺应病情而施治。人们大多固执己见，违背他们的心意就会使他们违逆，顺着他们的心意却加重了病情，对此无可奈何。然而如果能够诚心诚意地询问，明确告知这样做就好，那样做就会失败，谁愿意死亡而不降下自尊心去听从呢？至于接受病情的各种情形，千头万绪难以穷尽。比如初起病时口大渴，久病后口中平和，如果不问而一概用常规法治之，难道不是伤害人吗？比如未病前素有脾约（大便干结），刚发病忽然便利（腹泻），如果不问而按天数推算来施治，难道不是伤害人吗？比如未病前已有顽固旧疾，患病后又添新病，如果不问而一概墨守成法治疗，难道不是伤害人吗？如果是疑难证候，要着重仔细询问，若得不到真实情况，在谈论其他事情时闲聊中，反而显露出真相。如果不细细询问，就急急忙忙胡乱投药，难道不是伤害人吗？《病形篇》中说：询问病人的病情，知道病位，这叫作“工”（高明医生）。现在被称为“工”的人，问的不是该问的。阿谀奉承夹杂其中，病人欣然乐意听从。等到病情加重再换医生，也是这样。以至于彷徨于医药之间，偶然遇到明医，仍然不被接纳。这应该委婉曲折地开导，如同面对君主父亲一样，不可以飘然置身事外。更令人奇怪的是，无知的亲戚朋友前来探视询问，忘记了自身的愚笨浅陋，强行炫耀自己的聪明能干，说话虚浮不实，把火证指认为痰证，又有谁知道他们没有责任却轻易发言呢？这使得人们迎合附和，酿成不良风气，没有止境，实在令人悲哀。我的学生们应当明智地约束自己，以真诚打动人，共同挽救狂澜吧。
【律一条】
凡是治病，不问病人是否适宜，不了解真实病情，草率诊察完毕，用药没有依据，造成很多伤残，这是医生的过错。
Yu Chang said: Medicine is a benevolent art. A person of benevolence and virtue must have deep affection for others. With deep affection, one treats patients as oneself, inquires about their suffering, and thus leaves no aspect unexamined. The ancients would close doors and windows, attend to the patient closely, ask repeatedly about their condition, and follow their wishes, truly to win their trust. In this way, the examiner does not feel weary, nor does the patient feel disgusted; only then can one thoroughly investigate the root and branch of the disease, ensuring that treatment is error-free. For instance, those who were once noble but became lowly suffer from a disease named "Tuo Ying" (Depletion of Essence); those who were once rich but became poor suffer from "Shi Jing" (Loss of Vital Spirit). Furthermore, physical and mental states of hardship or joy differ; even if diseases are similar, treatments vary. Dietary habits and daily routines may violate seasonal norms; sorrow and fear may dissipate will and scatter the soul; preferences and aversions involve distinct flavors and properties; what is suitable or taboo varies greatly according to individual constitution. Without inquiry, how can one prescribe formulas tailored to the specific situation? Therefore, when entering a country, one asks about customs; when entering a home, one asks about taboos; when ascending the hall, one asks about etiquette; when facing a patient, one asks about their preferences. "Preferences" refer to inquiries about their living environment, activity levels, suitability regarding Yin-Yang, cold-heat, and temperament. For example, if one asks whether they suffer from a heat disease, it is appropriate to use cold-natured medicines; if they suffer from a cold disease, it is appropriate to use hot-natured medicines. This is what is meant by "following the condition and applying treatment accordingly." Many people are stubborn and adhere to their own views; opposing them causes resistance, while complying with them may worsen the illness, leaving one at a loss. However, if one asks with sincerity and clearly explains that doing so leads to success while doing otherwise leads to failure, who would choose death rather than humble themselves to comply? As for the myriad manifestations of disease conditions, they are too numerous to exhaust. For instance, if a patient has intense thirst at the onset of illness but a neutral mouth sensation after a long duration, treating them all with standard methods without inquiry would surely harm them. If a patient previously had "Pi Yue" (constipation due to spleen deficiency) but suddenly experiences diarrhea upon falling ill, prescribing treatment based solely on the number of days without inquiry would surely harm them. If a patient already had entrenched chronic diseases before falling ill, and now suffers from new ailments, adhering rigidly to established formulas without inquiry would surely harm them. In cases of difficult and complex syndromes, one must focus on detailed questioning; if the true condition is not obtained, it may be revealed inadvertently during casual conversation about other matters. Failing to inquire carefully and hastily administering medication without basis would surely harm the patient. The *Bing Xing Pian* (Chapter on Disease Manifestations) states: "Inquiring about the disease and knowing its location is called 'Gong' (a skilled physician)." Today, those called "Gong" do not ask the right questions. Flattery and sycophancy intervene, and patients gladly comply. When the illness worsens and they change doctors, the same occurs. They wander between medical practitioners, and even when encountering a competent doctor, they remain unreceptive. One should guide them tactfully and gently, as if addressing a sovereign or father, and not dismissively distance oneself. Even more astonishing are ignorant relatives and friends who visit to inquire; forgetting their own ignorance, they forcibly display their supposed expertise, speaking falsely yet plausibly, misidentifying fire syndromes as phlegm syndromes. Who knows that they speak lightly because they bear no responsibility? This allows blind conformity to prevail, creating a detrimental trend without end, which is truly lamentable. My disciples should wisely discipline themselves and move others with sincerity, striving together to turn back the tide.
[Rule One]
Whenever treating a disease, if one does not ascertain the patient's preferences and fails to understand the true condition, rashly concludes the diagnosis, and prescribes medication without evidence, resulting in significant harm, this is the fault of the physician.