肾者精神之舍，性命之根，外通于耳，男以闭精，女以包血，与膀胱为表里，足少阴太
阳是其经也。凡肾气绝，则不尽其天命而死。王于冬，其脉沉濡曰平，反此者病。其脉弹石，
名曰太过，病在外。其去如数者为不及，病在内。太过则令人体瘠而少气，不欲言。不及则
令人心如悬，小肠腹满，小便滑，变黄色。又肾脉来喘喘累累如钩，按之坚曰平。又来如引
葛，按之益坚曰病。来如转索，辟辟如弹石曰死。又肾脉但石，无胃气亦死。肾有水则腹大
脐肿，腰重痛不得溺，阴下湿。如牛鼻头汗出，是为逆寒，大便难。肾病手足冷，面赤目黄，
小便不禁，骨节烦痛，小腹结痛，气上冲心，脉当沉而滑，今反浮大缓；其色当黑，今反黄
；其翕翕少气，两耳若聋，精自出，饮食少，便下清，脉迟可治。冬则脉沉而滑曰平，反大
而缓，是土克水，不可治。反浮涩而短，肺乘肾，易治。反弦而长者，肝乘肾，不治自愈。
反浮大而洪，心乘肾，不为害。肾病腹大体重满，咳嗽汗出憎风，虚则胸中痛，阴邪入肾，
则骨痛腰痛，上引脊背疼，遇房汗出，当风浴水，久立则肾病。又其脉急甚，则肾痿瘕疾，
微急则沉、厥、奔豚、足不收；缓甚则折脊，微缓则洞泄食不化，入咽还出。大甚则阴痿，
微大则石水起脐下，其肿 而上至胃者死；小甚则洞泄，微小则消瘅，滑甚则癃 ，微滑
则骨痿，坐弗能起，目视见花。涩甚则大壅塞，微涩则痔疾。又其脉之至上坚而大，有脓气
在阴中及腹内，名肾瘅，得之因浴冷水，脉来沉而大，坚浮而紧，手足肿厥，阴痿腰背疼，
小肠心下有水气，时胀满洞泄，此皆浴水中身未干而合房得。虚梦船溺人得，其时梦伏水中，
盛实则梦临深投水中。肾胀则腰痛满引背，帙帙然腰痹痛。肾病夜半愈，日中甚，晡则静。
肾生病则口热舌干，咽肿上气，噎干及烦而痛。黄胆肠病久不愈，则腿筋痛，小便闭，两胁
胀满目盲者死。肾之精彻脊与腰相引而痛，饥见饱减。又肾中寒结在脐下也，肾脉来而细软，
附于骨者是也。又目黑目白，肾已内伤，八日死。又阴缩小便不出，或不快者亦死。又其色
青黄，连耳左右，其人年三十许，百日死。若偏在一边，一日死。实则烦闷，脐下重。热则
舌干口焦，而小便涩黄。寒则阴中与腰背俱疼，面黑而干，哕而不食，或呕血是也。又喉鸣
坐而喘咳血出，亦为肾虚，寒气欲绝也。寒热虚实既明，稍详调救，即十可治十，全生之道
也。
肾脏是精神居住的处所，也是性命的根本，外部与耳朵相通，男性用它来闭藏精气，女性用它来包容血液，它与膀胱互为表里，足少阴经和足太阳经分别是它们的经脉。凡是肾气断绝的，就会未能享尽天年而死。肾脏在冬季当令，其脉象沉而柔和称为平脉，与此相反的即为病脉。如果脉象像弹击石头一样坚硬，名为太过，病邪在外；如果脉象去势急促如数脉，名为不及，病邪在内。太过则使人身体消瘦且气息短少，不想说话；不及则使人心中空虚如悬挂，小肠和腹部胀满，小便失禁滑泄，面色变为黄色。另外，肾脉来时喘喘累累如同钩状，按压时感觉坚实称为平脉；如果脉来像牵引葛藤一样，按压后更加坚实则为病脉；如果脉来像旋转的绳索，辟辟作响像弹击石头，则为死脉。另外，肾脉只现石脉而无胃气，也是死证。肾脏有水湿停聚则腹部肿大、肚脐肿胀，腰部沉重疼痛且无法排尿，外阴潮湿。像牛鼻头出汗一样，这是逆寒证，大便困难。肾脏病变出现手足冰冷，面部发红，眼睛发黄，小便失禁，骨节烦痛，小腹结聚疼痛，气向上冲撞心脏，脉象应当沉而滑，现在反而浮大缓；面色应当黑，现在反而黄；呼吸微弱短促，两耳好像聋了，精液自行滑出，饮食减少，大便清稀，脉迟还可以治疗。冬季脉象沉而滑称为平脉，如果反而大而缓，是土克水，不可治疗；如果反而浮涩而短，是肺乘肾，容易治疗；如果反而弦而长，是肝乘肾，不治也会自愈；如果反而浮大而洪，是心乘肾，不会造成危害。肾脏病变腹部肿大、身体沉重胀满，咳嗽、出汗、怕风，虚证则胸中疼痛，阴邪侵入肾脏，则骨痛腰痛，向上牵引脊背疼痛，房事后出汗，受风或冷水浴，久站则导致肾病。另外，脉象紧急严重的，则是肾痿瘕疾，轻微紧急则出现厥逆、奔豚、足部不能收持；脉象松弛严重的则脊柱折断，轻微松弛则洞泄（严重腹泻）食物不消化，吃进去吐出来。脉象盛大严重的则阳痿，轻微盛大则石水从脐下发起，肿胀向上到达胃部则死亡；脉象细小严重的则洞泄，微小则消瘅，滑利严重的则癃闭，轻微滑利则骨痿，坐着不能起身，视物眼花。涩滞严重的则大壅塞，轻微涩滞则痔疮疾病。另外，脉象上部坚硬而大，阴中和腹内有脓气，名为肾瘅，这是由于洗冷水澡引起的，脉象沉而大，坚浮而紧，手足肿胀厥冷，阳痿腰背疼，小肠和心下有积水气，时常胀满洞泄，这都是因为洗冷水澡身体未干就进行房事导致的。虚证梦见船溺人得到，当时梦见伏在水中的情况，盛实则梦见面临深水投入水中。肾胀则腰痛满引背部，帙帙然腰部痹痛。肾脏生病在夜半痊愈，日中加重，晡时安静。肾脏发生病变则口热舌干，咽喉肿痛气逆，噎干及烦躁疼痛。黄疸肠病长久不愈，则腿筋疼痛，小便闭塞，两胁胀满目盲的死亡。肾的精气贯穿脊柱与腰部相互牵引而疼痛，饥饿时加重饱食后减轻。另外，肾中寒结在脐下，肾脉来势细软，附着于骨头的就是这种脉象。另外，眼睛发黑眼白浑浊，说明肾脏内部已受伤，八天后死亡。另外，阴器收缩小便不出，或不顺畅的也死亡。另外，面色青黄，连及耳朵左右，此人年龄三十岁左右，一百天后死亡。如果颜色偏在一边，一天后死亡。实证则烦闷，脐下重坠。热证则舌干口焦，小便涩滞发黄。寒证则阴中与腰背都疼痛，面色黑而干枯，呃逆不食，或者呕血。另外，喉间鸣响坐着喘息咳嗽出血，也是肾虚，寒气欲绝的表现。寒热虚实既然明确，稍加详细调理救治，就能十治十愈，这是保全生命的方法。
The Kidney is the residence of spirit and the root of life. Externally, it connects with the ears; in males, it stores essence, and in females, it contains blood. It forms an interior-exterior relationship with the Bladder, with the Foot Shaoyin and Foot Taiyang meridians being their respective channels. When Kidney Qi is exhausted, death occurs before the natural lifespan is completed. The Kidney governs Winter; a normal pulse is deep and soft (Chen Ru). Deviations indicate disease. A pulse like striking stones indicates Excess (Tai Guo), with pathology external. A pulse departing rapidly resembles Shu (Rapid) and indicates Deficiency (Bu Ji), with pathology internal. Excess causes emaciation, shortness of breath, and reluctance to speak. Deficiency causes a sensation of emptiness in the heart as if suspended, fullness in the Small Intestine and abdomen, slippery urination, and yellowish complexion. Furthermore, a Kidney pulse that comes "chuan chuan lei lei" like a hook and feels firm upon pressure is normal. A pulse coming like pulling vines, becoming firmer upon pressure, indicates disease. A pulse coming like a turning rope or sounding like striking stones indicates death. A Kidney pulse showing only Stone characteristics without Stomach Qi also indicates death. Water retention in the Kidney causes abdominal distension, umbilical swelling, heavy painful lower back, inability to urinate, and dampness in the genitals. Sweating like on a cow's nose indicates Reverse Cold (Ni Han) and difficult defecation. Kidney disease presenting with cold hands and feet, red face, yellow eyes, urinary incontinence, vexing pain in bone joints, knotting pain in the lower abdomen, and Qi rushing up to the heart: the pulse should be Deep and Slippery but is instead Floating, Large, and Slow; the color should be Black but is instead Yellow; with slight Qi deficiency, deafness, spontaneous seminal emission, poor appetite, and clear loose stools: a Slow pulse here is treatable. In Winter, a Deep and Slippery pulse is normal; a Large and Slow pulse indicates Earth overcoming Water (Tu Ke Shui), which is untreatable. A Floating, Choppy, and Short pulse indicates Lung overcoming Kidney (Fei Cheng Shen), which is easy to treat. A Wiry and Long pulse indicates Liver overcoming Kidney (Gan Cheng Shen), which will heal spontaneously. A Floating, Large, and Surging pulse indicates Heart overcoming Kidney (Xin Cheng Shen), causing no harm. Kidney disease with abdominal distension, heavy body, fullness, coughing, sweating, and aversion to wind; Deficiency causes chest pain. Yin pathogen entering the Kidney causes bone and lower back pain radiating to the spine. Sweating after intercourse, exposure to wind, bathing in cold water, or standing for long periods can cause Kidney disease. An urgent pulse severely indicates Kidney Wei and Jia diseases; mildly urgent indicates Chen (Depression), Jue (Cold Extremities), Ben Tun (Running Piglet), and inability to hold the legs. A relaxed pulse severely indicates broken spine; mildly relaxed indicates Dong Xie (profuse diarrhea) with undigested food regurgitated from the throat. A large pulse severely indicates impotence; mildly large indicates Shi Shui (Stone Water) arising from below the navel, swelling up to the stomach indicating death. A small pulse severely indicates Dong Xie; micro-small indicates Xiao Dan (Wasting-Thirst); slippery severely indicates Long Bi (difficulty urinating); micro-slippery indicates Bone Wei (Bone Atrophy) with inability to rise from sitting and visual hallucinations. Choppy severely indicates major obstruction; micro-choppy indicates hemorrhoids. A pulse upper part that is hard and large indicates pus in the Yin region and abdomen, named Ren Dan (Kidney Fever), caused by bathing in cold water. The pulse is Deep and Large, Hard, Floating, and Tight, with swollen/cold extremities, impotence, back pain, fluid retention in the Small Intestine and epigastrium, bloating, and diarrhea; this results from sexual activity while wet after bathing. Deficient dreams involve boats and drowning people, lying in water; Excess dreams involve facing deep water and diving. Kidney Zhang causes lower back pain radiating to the back, with numbness and pain. Kidney disease heals at Zi hour (midnight), worsens at Wu hour (noon), and quiets at You hour (5-7 PM). Kidney pathology causes hot mouth, dry tongue, swollen throat, ascending Qi, dysphagia, vexation, and pain. Chronic jaundice and intestinal disease causing leg tendon pain, urinary closure, hypochondriac distension, and blindness leads to death. Kidney essence connecting through the spine and waist causes pain, worsening when hungry and improving when full. Cold stagnation in the Kidney below the navel presents with a fine, soft pulse adhering to the bone. Black eyes and turbid whites indicate internal Kidney injury, leading to death in eight days. Constricted Yin and urinary retention or difficulty indicate death. Green-yellow complexion extending to both ears in a thirty-year-old indicates death in one hundred days; unilateral discoloration indicates death in one day. Excess causes vexation and heaviness below the navel. Heat causes dry tongue, scorched mouth, and scanty yellow urine. Cold causes pain in the Yin and lower back, black/dry face, hiccups, anorexia, or hematemesis. Throat rattling, sitting wheezing, coughing, and hemoptysis indicate Kidney Deficiency and impending Cold exhaustion. Once Cold, Heat, Excess, and Deficiency are clarified, detailed regulation and rescue can achieve ten cures out of ten, which is the way to preserve life.