疹之有下体冷者，不比疫疾，谓头温足冷，作逆症看，麻出自上，故上热而下冷。若
初起时上热下冷，不妨，出完之时，下体冷是逆症，须详审而治。又有身体四肢如冰者，
麻本属火，全身自应温暖，今反冰冷，必是逆症。若初出正出之时不热，则毒不能尽出，
而反渐没。若正没没后有此者，必脾胃倒坏，气血大虚，毒不能尽，后变无穷，定为不治，故不立法。
口疮者，心脾之火，多见于正没之时，皆因余毒未尽，留于上焦，必大便闭，小便赤，
宜清利脾火，兼滑大肠为主。若乳上小儿之母，亦当服药，使乳清凉。
疹之腹痛者，毒瓦斯内作而不能透表，多见于初出正出之时，治宜疏托，发出即止。如
正没未没尽而痛，缘外邪未尽。而复于内，亦宜疏托，佐以清凉。然细微处，以意度之，从外症加减。
痰之吐有二，有吐出如丝者。有吐出成块者，皆由肺胃之火，久积而作。宜清肺消
痰降火为主，不可用南星、半夏香燥温脾之药。
舌燥多属于脾，脾热有二∶一则唇白而燥，其热尚微；一则唇赤而燥，其热则重。又
有带紫黑而燥，其热尤重，治宜清热分利而已。何则？舌乃心之苗，麻本火候属于心，故
舌苔有三种，黄白黑是也。白者微热，黄者虽重可治，黑则难治。此症不分始末，不过
清热疏利而已。舌破唇裂者，此心脾二火盛，上冲所致，其色必深红而紫黑。亦有不紫红
而赤甚者，其火不轻，治当分首尾。若初热而色赤，此火不解而毒不尽。若其色有活，犹
可以治用寒凉，加以疏托。倘紫黑焦枯，而色不活者不治。若已出而有此症难治。盖毒
虽出而唇舌破裂者，心脾二经俱坏也。若将没之时有此，亦危候也，当谨慎细察为要。
麻疹出现下体发冷的情况，不同于疫疾（烈性传染病），那种头温足冷被视为逆证（病情恶化、预后不良的证候）。因为麻痘从上部发出，所以表现为上热下冷。如果在初起阶段出现上热下冷，尚且无妨；但在出疹完毕时，如果下体仍然发冷，则属于逆证，必须详细审察并治疗。又有全身四肢像冰一样寒冷的，麻痘本属火邪，全身理应温暖，现在反而冰冷，必定是逆证。如果在正出疹的时候不发热，那么毒邪就不能完全透发出来，反而会逐渐隐没消退。如果在疹子刚消退后出现这种情况，必定是脾胃功能败坏，气血极度虚弱，毒邪不能排尽，后续变化无穷，定为不治之症，因此不制定固定治法。
口疮，多由心脾之火引起，常见于疹子即将消退之时，都是因为余毒未尽，滞留于上焦，必然伴有便秘、小便短赤，适宜以清利脾火、兼通滑大肠为主。如果是哺乳期的母亲，也应当服药，使乳汁变得清凉。
麻疹伴有腹痛的，是因为毒气在体内作乱而不能透达体表，多见于初起或正出疹的时候，治疗宜用疏解托毒的方法，疹子发出后疼痛即止。如果在疹子正要消退但尚未完全消退时出现腹痛，是因为外邪未尽，又复归于内，也宜用疏解托毒的方法，佐以清凉药物。然而细微之处，需凭医者心意揣度，根据外在症状进行加减。
痰饮呕吐有两种，一种是吐出如丝状的，一种是吐出成块的，这都是由于肺胃之火久积而成。适宜以清肺、消痰、降火为主，不可使用南星、半夏等香燥温脾的药物。
舌苔干燥多归属于脾，脾热有两种：一种是嘴唇白色而干燥，其热势尚轻微；一种是嘴唇红色而干燥，其热势较重。还有嘴唇带紫黑色而干燥的，其热势尤为严重，治疗宜清热、分利二便即可。为什么呢？舌为心之苗窍，麻痘本属火，火对应心脏，所以舌苔有三种颜色，即黄、白、黑。白色代表微热，黄色虽然重但仍可治疗，黑色则难治。此症不分病程始末，不过是用清热疏利的方法罢了。舌头破裂、嘴唇皲裂的，这是心脾二经火热旺盛，向上冲逆所致，其颜色必定深红而紫黑。也有不呈紫红而赤红严重的，说明火邪不轻，治疗应当区分病程首尾。如果是初起发热且颜色赤红，说明火邪未解而毒邪未尽。如果颜色尚有生机（活色），还可以治疗，使用寒凉药物，加以疏解托毒。倘若呈现紫黑焦枯，且颜色没有生机的，则为不治。如果疹子已经发出而出现这种症状，难以治疗。大概是因为毒邪虽已发出，但唇舌破裂，说明心脾二经都已经败坏。如果在疹子将要消退时出现这种情况，也是危重征候，应当谨慎细致观察为要。
When measles presents with coldness in the lower body, it differs from epidemic pestilence (severe infectious diseases). The condition of a warm head and cold feet is viewed as a *ni zheng* (reverse syndrome, indicating deterioration and poor prognosis). Since the rash emerges from the upper part, heat accumulates above while coldness remains below. If upper heat and lower cold occur at the initial stage, it is acceptable; however, if the lower body remains cold after the rash has fully erupted, it constitutes a reverse syndrome requiring careful examination and treatment. In cases where the body and limbs are cold as ice, since measles inherently belongs to Fire, the whole body should naturally be warm. Coldness indicates a reverse syndrome. If there is no fever during the active eruption phase, the pathogenic toxin cannot be fully expelled and may gradually recede. If such symptoms appear after the rash has just subsided, it implies severe damage to the Spleen and Stomach, extreme deficiency of Qi and Blood, and incomplete expulsion of toxins, leading to infinite complications. This is deemed incurable, hence no specific formula is provided.
Mouth ulcers are caused by Fire of the Heart and Spleen, commonly appearing when the rash is about to subside. This results from residual toxins lingering in the Upper Jiao. Symptoms typically include constipation and dark red urine. Treatment should focus on clearing and draining Spleen Fire and lubricating the Large Intestine. For nursing mothers, medication should also be administered to cool the breast milk.
Abdominal pain associated with measles occurs because toxic vapors act internally and fail to penetrate the exterior. It is most common during the initial or active eruption phases. Treatment should employ methods to disperse and support the expulsion of toxins; pain ceases once the rash erupts. If pain occurs when the rash is beginning to subside but not yet complete, it is due to residual external pathogens returning inward. Treatment similarly requires dispersing and supporting, assisted by cooling agents. Subtle adjustments must be made based on clinical judgment and external symptoms.
Vomiting of phlegm manifests in two forms: stringy or clumped. Both result from long-standing accumulation of Fire in the Lung and Stomach. Treatment should prioritize clearing the Lung, resolving phlegm, and descending Fire. Medicinals such as *Arisaema Cum Bile* (*Nan Xing*) and Pinellia Rhizome (*Ban Xia*), which are aromatic, dry, and warming to the Spleen, must be avoided.
Dry tongue coating generally relates to the Spleen. Spleen Heat presents in two degrees: mild heat manifests as white lips with dryness; severe heat manifests as red lips with dryness. Even more severe is purple-black dryness. Treatment involves clearing heat and promoting diuresis/diffusion. Why? The tongue is the sprout of the Heart. Measles belongs to Fire, corresponding to the Heart. Thus, tongue coating appears in three colors: yellow, white, and black. White indicates mild heat; yellow, though severe, is treatable; black is difficult to treat. Regardless of the disease stage, the approach remains clearing heat and promoting diffusion. Cracked tongue and fissured lips result from excessive Fire in the Heart and Spleen rushing upward, presenting with deep red or purple-black coloration. Severe redness without purple hues also indicates intense Fire. Treatment depends on the disease stage. Initial fever with red color suggests unresolved Fire and unexpelled toxins. If the color retains vitality, it is treatable using cooling herbs combined with dispersing and supporting methods. Purple-black, scorched, and lifeless coloration is incurable. Appearance of these signs after eruption is difficult to treat, as it indicates damage to both the Heart and Spleen meridians. Appearance before resolution is also a critical sign requiring cautious observation.