夫杂症之发黄。多由于湿。伤寒之发黄。多由于热。湿则黄色暗。而热则黄
色明也。湿则酒面鱼腥之所化。故胀满而不甚渴。热则辛散燥烈之所致。
故烦躁而不自宁。治之者亦不可一例而施也。胀满者。平胃散为主。加以
清水之剂。烦躁者。栀子豆豉汤为要。佐以生津之味。如干葛知母门冬花
粉。皆所以滋阴也。山栀黄连黄芩黄柏。皆所以抑阳也。苍术秦艽茯苓车
前。皆所以除湿也。至于食疸。则枳实莱菔之类。必不可缺。酒疸。则解酲五
苓之中。又所急需。女劳疸。虽有矾石砂石散。不如地黄汤易生地。入车前
牛膝尤胜。阴黄。四肢冷脉微。附子理中汤加茵陈。此先贤微妙之法也。又
有蓄血发黄。桃亡承气汤。止治其血而黄自退也。盖此症受补者少。而不
受补者多。不渴者易疗。而渴者难疗。久而不愈。中满腹胀。便成不治之候
矣。
茵陈栀子汤 治发黄。小便赤。
茵陈（二钱） 栀子（一钱炒） 黄连（一钱） 车前子（一钱炒） 泽泻（一钱）
枳壳（一钱） 广陈皮（一钱） 干葛（一钱）
灯芯生姜水煎。或加秦艽豆豉花粉知母。
平胃散 治湿郁发黄。
苍术（一钱米泔制） 浓朴（一钱姜汁炒） 广皮（一钱） 甘草（三分） 山栀（一钱炒）
茵陈（二钱） 秦艽（一钱） 茯苓（一钱） 生地（一钱） 葛根（一钱）
灯芯生姜水煎。
枳实汤 治食疸。
枳实（一钱五分） 陈神曲（一钱炒） 莱菔子（一钱五分炒研） 青皮（一钱） 豆豉（一钱）
茵陈（一钱） 广皮（一钱） 山栀（一钱炒） 黄芩（一钱） 浓朴（一钱姜制）
姜一片水煎。
大凡杂病导致的发黄，多由湿邪引起。伤寒病导致的发黄，多由热邪引起。湿邪所致者，黄色晦暗；热邪所致者，黄色鲜明。湿邪多由饮酒、面食及鱼腥食物所化生，故表现为腹胀满而口渴不明显；热邪多由辛辣发散、燥烈之品所致，故表现为烦躁且心神不宁。治疗时也不能一概而论。对于腹胀满者，以平胃散为主方，配合清热利水的药物；对于烦躁者，以栀子豆豉汤为关键方剂，辅以生津止渴的药物。如葛根、知母、麦冬、花粉等，都是用来滋阴的；山栀、黄连、黄芩、黄柏等，都是用来抑制阳热的；苍术、秦艽、茯苓、车前子等，都是用来祛除湿邪的。至于食疸（因饮食积滞引起的黄疸），枳实、莱菔子之类的药物必不可少；酒疸（因饮酒过多引起的黄疸），解酲五苓散是急需使用的；女劳疸（因房劳过度引起的黄疸），虽然有矾石砂石散，但不如地黄汤加入生地黄、车前子、牛膝效果更佳。阴黄（寒湿黄疸），表现为四肢冰冷、脉象微弱，用附子理中汤加入茵陈，这是先贤精妙的治疗方法。又有蓄血发黄，桃仁承气汤只治疗瘀血，瘀血去则黄疸自然消退。大概这种病症，能受补的少，不能受补的多；口不渴的容易治疗，口渴的难治。如果久治不愈，出现腹部胀满，就会变成不治之症。
茵陈栀子汤：治疗发黄，小便色赤。
茵陈（二钱） 栀子（一钱，炒） 黄连（一钱） 车前子（一钱，炒） 泽泻（一钱） 枳壳（一钱） 广陈皮（一钱） 干葛（一钱）
用灯芯草、生姜煎水送服。或者加入秦艽、豆豉、花粉、知母。
平胃散：治疗湿郁发黄。
苍术（一钱，米泔水制） 浓朴（一钱，姜汁炒） 广皮（一钱） 甘草（三分） 山栀（一钱，炒） 茵陈（二钱） 秦艽（一钱） 茯苓（一钱） 生地（一钱） 葛根（一钱）
用灯芯草、生姜煎水送服。
枳实汤：治疗食疸。
枳实（一钱五分） 陈神曲（一钱，炒） 莱菔子（一钱五分，炒后研碎） 青皮（一钱） 豆豉（一钱） 茵陈（一钱） 广皮（一钱） 山栀（一钱，炒） 黄芩（一钱） 浓朴（一钱，姜制）
用一片生姜煎水送服。
In general, jaundice caused by miscellaneous diseases (Zazheng) is mostly due to Dampness. Jaundice caused by Cold Damage (Shanghan) is mostly due to Heat. When caused by Dampness, the yellow color is dull; when caused by Heat, the yellow color is bright. Dampness is often transformed from alcohol, wheat products, and fishy foods, thus presenting with abdominal distension but little thirst. Heat is often induced by pungent, dispersing, drying, and acrid substances, thus presenting with irritability and restlessness. Therefore, treatment cannot be applied uniformly. For those with abdominal distension, Pingwei San (Stomach-Pacifying Powder) is the main formula, supplemented with agents that clear heat and promote urination. For those with irritability, Zhizi Chidao Tang (Gardenia and Fermented Soybean Decoction) is essential, assisted by flavors that generate body fluids. Such as Gegen (Kudzu Root), Zhimu (Anemarrhena Rhizome), Maidong (Ophiopogon Tuber), and Huafen (Trichosanthes Root) are all used to nourish Yin. Zhizi (Gardenia Fruit), Huanglian (Coptis Rhizome), Huangqin (Scutellaria Root), and Huangbai (Phellodendron Bark) are all used to suppress Yang/Heat. Cangzhu (Atractylodes Rhizome), Qinjiao (Gentiana Macrophylla Rootstock), Fuling (Poria), and Cheqianzi (Plantago Seed) are all used to eliminate Dampness. As for Food Jaundice (Shi Dan), Zhi Shi (Immature Bitter Orange) and Laifuzi (Radish Seed) are indispensable. For Wine Jaundice (Jiu Dan), Jie Cheng Wuling San (Five-Ingredient Poria Pill to Relieve Intoxication) is urgently needed. For Female Labor Jaundice (Nulao Dan), although Fanshi Shanshi San (Alum and Stone Powder) exists, it is inferior to Dihuang Tang (Rehmannia Decoction) added with Shengdi (Raw Rehmannia Root), Cheqianzi (Plantago Seed), and Niuxi (Achyranthes Root), which yields even better results. For Yin Jaundice (Han-Damp Jaundice), characterized by cold limbs and a faint pulse, Fuzi Lizhong Tang (Aconite Decoction to Regulate the Middle) added with Yinchin (Artemisia Capillaris) is used; this is the subtle method of the sages. There is also Jaundice due to Blood Stasis (Xue Yu), where Taoren Chengqi Tang (Peach Kernel and Da Huang Decoction) treats only the blood stasis, and once the stasis resolves, the jaundice recedes naturally. Generally, this condition has few patients who can tolerate tonification, and many who cannot. Those without thirst are easy to treat, while those with thirst are difficult. If it persists without cure and leads to middle-jiao fullness and abdominal distension, it becomes an untreatable condition.
Yinchen Zhizi Tang (Artemisia and Gardenia Decoction): Treats jaundice with red urine.
Yin Chen (2 qian) Zhizi (1 qian, stir-fried) Huang Lian (1 qian) Che Qian Zi (1 qian, stir-fried) Ze Xie (1 qian) Zhi Ke (1 qian) Guang Chen Pi (1 qian) Gan Ge (1 qian)
Decoct with Deng Xin Cao (Juncus Effusus) and Sheng Jiang (Fresh Ginger). Alternatively, add Qin Jiao (Gentiana Macrophylla Rootstock), Chi Xiao Dou (Fermented Soybean), Hua Fen (Trichosanthes Root), and Zhi Mu (Anemarrhena Rhizome).
Pingwei San (Stomach-Pacifying Powder): Treats jaundice due to Dampness stagnation.
Cang Zhu (1 qian, processed with rice water) Nong Po (1 qian, stir-fried with ginger juice) Guang Pi (1 qian) Gan Cao (3 fen) Shan Zhi (1 qian, stir-fried) Yin Chen (2 qian) Qin Jiao (1 qian) Fu Ling (1 qian) Sheng Di (1 qian) Ge Gen (1 qian)
Decoct with Deng Xin Cao (Juncus Effusus) and Sheng Jiang (Fresh Ginger).
Zhishi Tang (Immature Bitter Orange Decoction): Treats Food Jaundice.
Zhi Shi (1.5 qian) Chen Shen Qu (1 qian, stir-fried) Lai Fu Zi (1.5 qian, stir-fried and ground) Qing Pi (1 qian) Dou Chi (1 qian) Yin Chen (1 qian) Guang Pi (1 qian) Shan Zhi (1 qian, stir-fried) Huang Qin (1 qian) Nong Po (1 qian, processed with ginger)
Decoct with one slice of Sheng Jiang (Fresh Ginger).