薛立斋治商主客。素膏粱。小便赤数。口干作渴。吐痰稠粘。右寸关数而有力。此脾肺
积热移于膀胱。用黄芩清肺饮调理脾肺。再用滋肾丸、六味丸以滋肾水。寻愈。
司徒边华泉少便频数。涩滞短赤。口干吐痰。此肾经虚而热燥。阴无以化。用六味滋肾
二丸而愈。
大司徒许函谷因劳发热。小便自遗。或时不利。此因肝火阴挺。不能约制。午前用补中
益气加山药、黄柏、知母。午后服地黄丸。月余全愈。
司马李悟山小便如淋。茎中作痛。口干吐痰。此因思色精降而内败。用补中益气、六味
地黄。寻愈。
一儒者发热。饮水不绝。每如厕。小便涩痛。大便牵痛。此精极复耗所致。用都气丸及
补中益气。幸其自守谨笃。寻愈。后兼肢体畏寒。喜热饮食。用八味丸。
县令顾荣甫尾闾痒而小便赤涩。左尺脉洪数。属肾经虚热。法当滋补。渠不然其言。服
黄柏、知母等药年许。高骨肿痛。小便淋沥。肺肾二脉洪数无伦。薛曰。子母俱败。鲜克济
矣。果寻卒。
震按小便数。有热有虚。数而少。为实热。宜渗之。频数不可略忍。又复短少。日数十
次。或有余沥。为肾大虚之候。数而多。色黄者。为阴虚。宜滋阴。数而多。色白体羸者。
为阳虚。升者少而降者多。宜补火。立斋诸案。具备诸法。
薛立斋诊治一位商人的客人。此人平素饮食肥甘厚味，出现小便颜色红赤且频数，口干想喝水，呕吐出粘稠的痰液，右手寸部和关部脉象数而有力。这是脾肺积热转移到了膀胱。使用黄芩清肺饮来调理脾肺，接着再用滋肾丸、六味地黄丸来滋养肾水，不久后痊愈。
司徒边华泉小便频繁且次数多，排尿涩滞不畅，尿量短少且颜色红赤，口干并吐出痰液。这是肾经虚弱导致的热燥，阴液无法化生。服用六味地黄丸和知柏地黄丸（此处原文“六味滋肾二丸”通常指六味地黄丸与知柏地黄丸或类似滋阴降火之剂，结合语境及后世习惯，常解为滋阴为主，若严格按字面可译为“Six-Ingredient Rehmannia Pill and Kidney-Nourishing Pill”，但中医术语中“六味滋肾”多指代六味地黄类方，此处依原文直译并保留术语）而痊愈。
大司徒许函谷因劳累而发热，小便失禁，有时排尿又不通畅。这是因为肝火旺盛导致阴器挺举，不能约束控制。午前服用补中益气汤加入山药、黄柏、知母，午后服用地黄丸，一个多月后完全康复。
司马李悟山小便像淋证一样，尿道中疼痛，口干并吐出痰液。这是因为思虑色欲导致精气下降而内部败坏。使用补中益气汤和六味地黄丸，不久后痊愈。
一位儒者发热，不停地饮水，每次去厕所时，小便涩痛，大便时也牵拉作痛。这是由于精气极度耗损后又再次消耗所致。使用都气丸及补中益气汤，幸好他自我坚守谨慎笃实，不久后痊愈。后来兼有肢体畏寒，喜欢热饮食，改用八味地黄丸。
县令顾荣甫尾闾部位瘙痒且小便红赤涩滞，左手尺部脉象洪大而数，属于肾经虚热，治法应当滋补。他不听从医生的话，服用黄柏、知母等药物一年多，导致高骨（耻骨联合处）肿痛，小便淋漓不尽，肺脉和肾脉洪大数乱无度。薛立斋说：“子脏（肾）母脏（肺）都败坏了，很难救治了。”果然不久就去世了。
俞震按语：小便频数，有热证也有虚证。频数且尿量少，属于实热，适宜用渗利之法。尿频不可勉强忍耐，如果又复现尿量短少，一天几十次，或者有余沥不尽，这是肾脏极度虚弱的征候。频数且尿量多，颜色黄的，属于阴虚，适宜滋阴。频数且尿量多，颜色白且身体消瘦的，属于阳虚，升发之气少而沉降之气多，适宜补火（温补肾阳）。薛立斋的这些医案，具备了各种治疗方法。
Xue Lizhai treated a guest of a merchant. The patient had been accustomed to a diet rich in fatty and sweet foods, presenting with red and frequent urination, dry mouth with thirst, and expectoration of thick, sticky phlegm. The pulse at the right Cun (inch) and Guan (middle) positions was rapid and forceful. This indicated that accumulated heat in the Spleen and Lungs had transferred to the Bladder. He prescribed Huangqin Qingfei Yin (Scutellaria Lung-Clearing Decoction) to regulate the Spleen and Lungs, followed by Zishen Wan (Kidney-Nourishing Pill) and Liuwei Wan (Six-Ingredient Rehmannia Pill) to nourish Kidney Water. The patient recovered shortly thereafter.
Bian Huaquan, a Situ (Minister of Education), suffered from frequent and numerous urinations, which were obstructed, short in volume, and red in color, accompanied by dry mouth and expectoration. This was attributed to deficiency and dryness-heat in the Kidney Meridian, where Yin fluids failed to transform. He was cured after taking Liuwei Zishen Erwan (Six-Ingredient Kidney-Nourishing Two Pills).
Xu Hanggu, a Grand Situ, developed fever due to overwork and experienced urinary incontinence, sometimes with difficulty in urination. This was caused by Liver Fire causing protrusion of the Yin organ, leading to an inability to restrain control. In the morning, he took Buzhong Yiqi Tang (Tonify the Middle and Augment the Qi Decoction) added with Shanyao (Dioscoreae Rhizoma), Huangbai (Phellodendri Cortex), and Zhimu (Anemarrhenae Rhizoma); in the afternoon, he took Dihuang Wan (Rehmannia Pill). After more than a month, he fully recovered.
Li Wushan, a Sima (Minister of Justice), presented with urination resembling strangury (Lin syndrome), pain in the urethra, dry mouth, and expectoration. This resulted from excessive mental preoccupation with sexual desire, causing essence to descend and internal corruption. He was cured shortly after using Buzhong Yiqi Tang and Liuhuang Dadihuang Wan (Six-Ingredient Rehmannia Pill).
A scholar suffered from fever and incessant drinking. Whenever he went to the toilet, he experienced painful and obstructed urination, and pulling pain during defecation. This was caused by extreme depletion of essence followed by further consumption. He used Duqi Wan (Duqi Pill) and Buzhong Yiqi Tang. Fortunately, he maintained strict self-discipline and integrity, and recovered shortly. Later, he developed aversion to cold in his limbs and a preference for hot food and drink, so he was prescribed Bawei Wan (Eight-Ingredient Pill).
Gu Rongfu, a County Magistrate, experienced itching at the Weili (tailbone area) and red, obstructed urination. The pulse at the left Chi (cubit) position was surging and rapid, indicating deficiency-heat in the Kidney Meridian. The appropriate method was tonification and nourishment. However, he did not accept this advice and took herbs such as Huangbai (Phellodendri Cortex) and Zhimu (Anemarrhenae Rhizoma) for over a year. This led to swelling and pain in the high bone (pubic symphysis area), dribbling urination, and uncontrolled surging and rapid pulses in both the Lung and Kidney positions. Xue said, "Both the Mother (Lung) and Child (Kidney) organs are failing; it is rare that they can be saved." Indeed, he died shortly thereafter.
Yu Zhen commented: Frequent urination can be due to Heat or Deficiency. If frequent and scanty, it is Excess Heat, suitable for promoting diuresis. One should not endure frequent urination; if it is also short in volume, occurring dozens of times a day, or with residual dripping, it indicates severe Kidney Deficiency. If frequent and abundant, with yellow urine, it is Yin Deficiency, suitable for nourishing Yin. If frequent and abundant, with white urine and emaciation, it is Yang Deficiency, characterized by less ascending Qi and more descending Qi, suitable for tonifying Fire (warming Kidney Yang). Xue Lizhai's cases cover all these methods.