经曰∶夏伤于暑，秋必 疟。盖伤之浅者，近而暴；伤之重者，远而为 。 者，久疟也。
是知夏伤暑，气闭而不能发泄于外，邪气内行，至秋而为疟也。良由乳母抱时解脱，不避风寒；
又因触冒暑温，致令邪气客于皮肤， 积于脏腑，阴阳偏胜，邪正相攻，而作往来寒热也。阳盛
则热，阴盛则寒。先寒而后热者，阳不足也；先热而后寒者，阴不足也；寒多而热少者，阴胜
阳也；热多而寒少者，阳胜阴也；寒热相半，阴阳交攻也；寒热相间，阴阳乍离也。大抵小儿皆
自饮食上得之者为多，须用先与消导，然后随其得病所由而调理之，斯为良法。
《要略》云∶疟脉自弦，弦数者多热，弦迟者多寒。弦小紧者下之，弦迟者温之，弦紧
者可发汗，浮大者可吐之。弦数风热也，以饮食消息止之。
《明医杂着》云∶疟是风暑之邪，有一日一发，有二日一发，有三日一发，有间一日连二日
发，有日与夜各发，有汗无汗，有上半日发或下半日发，有发于夜者。治法，邪从外入宜发散
之，然以扶胃气为本，又须分别阳分、阴分而用药。邪疟及暂发者，可散可截；虚疟及久者，宜
补气血。若过服截药，致伤脾胃则必绵延不休。凡热多寒少，无汗者，桂枝麻黄各半汤；有汗多
者，柴胡桂枝汤；汗多而渴者，白虎加桂枝汤；小便赤，热多寒少者，小柴胡汤；寒多热少者，
清脾养胃汤；久未止者，鬼哭散止之。热多汗出为泻，腹痛者，大柴胡下之；久疟不愈，肠下结
块者，木香丸、鳖甲饮子调之；甚则以神 丸消之；烦渴者五苓。有小儿疟疾用药退热太早，
变作浮肿，外肾肿大，或食伤于脾胃。浮肿者，脾之外应也，宜大腹皮汤、草果饮之类。
小儿咳嗽久治不愈，可艾灸肺俞穴。（该穴位位于背部第三椎骨下方两侧，各距中线一寸五分处。）
《内经》记载：夏季感受暑邪，秋季必然发生疟疾。凡是感邪较浅的，发病迅速且急暴；感邪较重的，潜伏时间较长而发展为久疟（长期不愈的疟疾）。由此可知，夏季感受暑邪，导致气机闭塞而不能向外宣发，邪气内行，到了秋季就发为疟疾。这大多是因为乳母怀抱婴儿时衣着不当，未能避开风寒；又因触犯冒受暑热温邪，致使邪气客居于皮肤，积聚于脏腑，造成阴阳偏盛，邪气与正气相互交争，从而出现忽冷忽热的症状。阳气偏盛则发热，阴气偏盛则恶寒。先恶寒后发热的，是阳气不足；先发热的后恶寒的，是阴气不足；恶寒多而发热少的，是阴胜阳衰；发热多而恶寒少的，是阳胜阴衰；寒热程度相当的，是阴阳相互交争；寒热交替出现的，是阴阳之气乍离乍合。大抵小儿患此病，大多是从饮食方面得来的，必须先用消食导滞的方法治疗，然后根据致病原因进行调理，这才是良法。
《金匮要略》说：疟疾的脉象自当呈弦脉，脉弦数者多属热证，脉弦迟者多属寒证。脉弦小紧的可用下法，脉弦迟的用温法，脉弦紧的可发汗，脉浮大的可用吐法。脉弦数的是风热所致，可通过饮食调养来制止。
《明医杂著》说：疟疾是风邪和暑邪所致，有一日发作一次的，有两日发作一次的，有三日发作一次的，有隔一日连两日发作的，有白天和夜晚各发作一次的，有出汗或无汗的，有上午发作或下午发作的，有夜间发作的。治疗方法，邪气从外侵入应当发散，但以扶持胃气为根本，还必须分别阳分和阴分来用药。实疟及暂时发作的，可以发散或截断；虚疟及久病的，宜补益气血。如果过服截疟药物，损伤脾胃，则病情必定绵延不休。凡发热多恶寒少、无汗的，用桂枝麻黄各半汤；有汗多的，用柴胡桂枝汤；汗多且口渴的，用白虎加桂枝汤；小便赤涩、热多寒少的，用小柴胡汤；寒多热少的，用清脾养胃汤；久病未止的，用鬼哭散来截断。发热多且汗出如泻、腹痛的，用大柴胡汤攻下；久疟不愈，肠道内有结块的，用木香丸、鳖甲饮子调理；严重的用神效丸消除；烦躁口渴的，用五苓散。有些小儿疟疾用药退热太早，变作浮肿，外生殖器肿大，或者是饮食损伤了脾胃。浮肿是脾脏的外在表现，宜用大腹皮汤、草果饮之类。
Pediatric cough that persists without improvement may be treated with moxibustion on Feishu (BL13, Lung Shu). (This acupoint is located on the back, one cun five fen lateral to the midline, below the third thoracic vertebra.)
The *Classic of Internal Medicine* states: "If summerheat is injured in summer, malaria will inevitably occur in autumn." Those who are lightly injured manifest symptoms quickly and abruptly; those heavily injured lie dormant for a longer period before developing into chronic malaria. Thus, it is understood that summerheat injury causes Qi obstruction, preventing external release, allowing pathogenic factors to move inward, which manifests as malaria in autumn. This often arises because caregivers hold infants improperly, failing to shield them from wind-cold; additionally, exposure to summer heat and warm pathogens allows evil qi to lodge in the skin and accumulate in the zang-fu organs. This leads to an imbalance of Yin and Yang, where pathogenic factors attack healthy Qi, resulting in alternating chills and fever. Excess Yang results in heat; excess Yin results in cold. Chills preceding fever indicate insufficient Yang; fever preceding chills indicates insufficient Yin. More chills than heat indicates Yin prevailing over Yang; more heat than chills indicates Yang prevailing over Yin. Equal amounts of chills and heat indicate mutual conflict between Yin and Yang; alternating chills and heat indicate intermittent separation of Yin and Yang. Generally, pediatric cases arise frequently from dietary issues. One must first employ methods to resolve stagnation and guide food out, then regulate according to the specific cause of the disease; this is the superior method.
The *Essential Prescriptions of the Golden Cabinet* states: "The pulse of malaria is naturally wiry. A wiry and rapid pulse indicates much heat; a wiry and slow pulse indicates much cold. If wiry, small, and tight, purgation may be used; if wiry and slow, warming is appropriate; if wiry and tight, sweating may be induced; if floating and large, emesis may be employed. A wiry and rapid pulse indicates wind-heat, which can be resolved through dietary management."
*Illustrated Miscellaneous Works of a Clear Physician* states: Malaria is caused by wind and summerheat pathogens. It may occur once daily, every two days, or every three days; sometimes it occurs for two consecutive days after skipping one day; it may occur both day and night; it may present with or without sweating; it may occur in the morning or afternoon; or at night. Treatment principles dictate that since the pathogen enters from the exterior, dispersing methods should be used, but supporting Stomach Qi is fundamental. Medication must also be differentiated based on whether the condition involves the Yang aspect or the Yin aspect. For excess malaria and acute attacks, dispersing or intercepting methods are suitable; for deficiency malaria and chronic cases, tonifying Qi and Blood is indicated. Overuse of intercepting medicines damages the Spleen and Stomach, causing the disease to linger indefinitely. For cases with much heat and little cold without sweating, Guizhi Mahuang Ban Tang (Half-Green Twig and Half-Ephedra Decoction) is used; for cases with profuse sweating, Chaihu Guizhi Tang (Bupleurum and Green Twig Decoction) is used; for cases with profuse sweating and thirst, Baitao Jia Guizhi Tang (White Tiger plus Green Twig Decoction) is used; for cases with dark urine, much heat and little cold, Xiaochaihu Tang (Minor Bupleurum Decoction) is used; for cases with much cold and little heat, Qingpi Yangwei Tang (Clear Spleen and Nourish Stomach Decoction) is used; for chronic cases not resolving, Gui Ku San (Ghost Cry Powder) is used to intercept. For cases with much heat, profuse sweating like diarrhea, and abdominal pain, Daxiehu Tang (Major Bupleurum Decoction) is used to purge; for chronic malaria not healing with intestinal masses, Muxiang Wan (Aucklandia Pill) and Biejia Yinzi (Softshell Turtle Drink) are used for regulation; for severe cases, Shen Xiao Wan (Divine Effect Pill) is used to eliminate; for irritability and thirst, Wuling San (Five Ingredient Powder with Poria) is used. Some children develop edema, enlarged external genitalia, or dietary damage to the Spleen and Stomach due to using antipyretics too early in malaria treatment. Edema is an external manifestation of the Spleen; Dadou Pi Tang (Areca Peel Decoction) and Caoguo Yin (Tsaoko Drink) are appropriate.