夫恶寒之候，亦有阴阳二证。发热而恶寒者，发于阳也；无热而恶寒者，发于阴也。发于阳
者，宜解表，脉必浮数；发于阴者，宜温里，脉必沉细。又有汗后、利后恶寒及背恶寒。以上
疾证，尤详着伤寒恶寒例中，可审治之。
一妇人，但恶寒别无他证，六脉平静，遂用败毒散而安。此药能去表中风邪故也。经云∶
恶寒家慎不可倍常覆衣被及近火气。寒热相抗脉道沉伏，愈令病患寒不可遏。但去被撤火，
兼以和表之药，自然不恶寒矣。妇人恶寒尤不可近火，寒气入腹，血室结聚，针药所以不能治
矣。
麻黄桂枝各半汤、败毒散并治恶寒甚效。（方俱见伤寒门。）
凡妇人室女乍寒乍热，有类疟疾，久则成痨。诊其左关，肝脉独弦。上出寸口，某者上
鱼际。究其病源，是皆思欲不遂，以致于阴阳交争，时寒时热。惟仓公深知此证，多是僧尼
寡妇、经通室女有之。许学士知之，其有夫妇人病此者，乃热入血室也。此又自是一治法，固非
寡妇室女之比也。
启脾汤 治寡妇室女思欲不遂，以致伤脾，饮食少思，寒热如疟，面上或红或黄，用此最效
白术 当归（各钱半） 人参 川芎 香附子 柴胡梢 玄胡索 郁金 甘草梢 青皮（各五分）
上咀，作一服水煎服。
（《良方》）黄芩参苏饮 治前证，即参苏饮加黄芩。
（学士）生地黄丸 治寡妇室女患恶风体倦，乍寒乍热，面赤心烦，肝脉弦长，宜服此抑
阴等药。
干生地黄（三两） 赤芍药（一两） 北柴胡 黄芩 秦艽（各半两。）
上为细末，炼蜜丸，小豆大，白汤送下三、四十丸。
恶寒的症状，也有阴证和阳证两种。发热且恶寒的，属于发于阳经；不发热而只恶寒的，属于发于阴经。发于阳经的，适宜用解表法治疗，脉象必定浮数；发于阴经的，适宜用温里法治疗，脉象必定沉细。又有出汗后、泻下后出现的恶寒，以及背部恶寒的情况。以上这些病证，在《伤寒论》关于恶寒的条目中已有详细论述，可以仔细审查并据此治疗。
有一位妇女，仅仅感到恶寒而没有其他症状，六部脉象平静正常，于是使用败毒散（Baidu San, Detoxifying Powder）治疗后痊愈。这是因为该药能够祛除表部的风邪。医经上说：患有恶寒症的人，千万不可比平时加倍盖衣被或靠近火源取暖。因为体内的寒气与外来的热力相互对抗，会导致脉道沉伏，反而使患者感到寒冷无法遏制。只要去掉多余的衣被，撤去火源，同时服用调和表里的药物，自然就不会恶寒了。妇女出现恶寒尤其不能靠近火源，否则寒气侵入腹部，导致血室（子宫及冲任二脉）气血结聚，届时针灸和药物就难以治愈了。
麻黄桂枝各半汤（Mahuang Guizhi Ban Tang, Half-Dose Decoction of Ephedra and Cinnamon Twig）、败毒散均对治疗严重的恶寒非常有效。（方剂详情见伤寒门。）
凡是妇女或未婚女子突然感到忽冷忽热，症状类似疟疾，时间久了会发展为虚劳病。诊察其左关部，发现肝脉独显弦象。脉气上达寸口，甚至超过鱼际部位。探究其病因，都是由于思虑欲望不得满足，导致阴阳之气交争，从而出现时寒时热的症状。只有汉代名医仓公（Cang Gong, Master Cang）深知此证，多见于僧尼、寡妇以及月经通畅的未婚女子。宋代医家许学士（Xu Xueshi, Scholar Xu）也了解这种情况，如果有已婚妇女患此病，则是热邪陷入血室所致。这又是另一种治法，当然不能与寡妇、未婚女子的情况混为一谈。
启脾汤（Qipi Tang, Spleen-Initiating Decoction）用于治疗寡妇或未婚女子因思虑欲望不得满足而损伤脾胃，导致饮食减少、食欲不振，寒热往来如疟疾状，面部颜色或红或黄，使用此方最为有效。
药材组成：白术（Baizhu, Atractylodes Macrocephala Rhizome）、当归（Danggui, Angelica Sinensis Radix）各一钱半；人参（Renshen, Ginseng Radix）、川芎（Chuanxiong, Ligusticum Chuanxiong Rhizome）、香附子（Xiangfuzi, Cyperi Rhizoma）、柴胡梢（Chaishu Shao, Bupleuri Radix tip）、玄胡索（Xuanhusuo, Corydalis Rhizoma）、郁金（Yujin, Curcumae Radix）、甘草梢（Gancao Shao, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma tip）、青皮（Qingpi, Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viride）各五分。
将上述药材切碎，作为一剂，加水煎煮后服用。
（出自《良方》）黄芩参苏饮（Huangqin Shen Su Yin, Scutellaria, Ginseng and Perilla Leaf Decoction）用于治疗上述证候，即在参苏饮（Shensu Yin, Ginseng and Perilla Leaf Decoction）基础上加入黄芩（Huangqin, Scutellariae Radix）。
（许学士方）生地黄丸（Shengdi Huang Wan, Rehmannia Root Pill）用于治疗寡妇或未婚女子患恶风、身体疲倦，忽冷忽热，面赤心烦，肝脉弦长，适宜服用此方以抑制阴分邪热等药物。
药材组成：干生地黄（Gan Sheng Dihuang, Dried Rehmanniae Radix）三两；赤芍药（Chishaoyao, Paeoniae Radix Rubra）一两；北柴胡（Bei Chaichu, Bupleuri Radix）、黄芩（Huangqin, Scutellariae Radix）、秦艽（Qinjiao, Gentianae Macrophyllae Radix）各半两。
将上述药材研为细末，用炼蜜制成梧桐子大小的丸剂，用米汤送服三四十丸。
The symptom of aversion to cold also presents in two patterns: yin and yang. When accompanied by fever, it originates from the yang; when without fever but with aversion to cold, it originates from the yin. For those originating from yang, exterior-releasing methods are appropriate, and the pulse is invariably floating and rapid; for those originating from yin, interior-warming methods are appropriate, and the pulse is invariably deep and fine. There are also cases of aversion to cold following sweating or purgation, as well as aversion to cold specifically in the back. These conditions are detailed in the chapters on *Shanghan* (Cold Damage) regarding aversion to cold, and should be treated after careful examination.
A woman presented with only aversion to cold and no other symptoms, with a calm pulse in all six positions. She was successfully treated with *Baidu San* (Detoxifying Powder). This medicine effectively expels wind-pathogens from the exterior. The Classics state: Patients with aversion to cold must not be allowed to double their usual bedding or approach fire sources. If external heat conflicts with internal cold, the pulse vessels become deep and hidden, exacerbating the patient's uncontrollable sensation of cold. By removing excess bedding, withdrawing fire sources, and administering medicines that harmonize the exterior, the aversion to cold will naturally resolve. Women with aversion to cold should especially avoid approaching fire; otherwise, cold pathogens may enter the abdomen, causing stagnation in the Blood Chamber (Zigong and Chong-Ren meridians), rendering acupuncture and herbal medicine ineffective.
*Mahuang Guizhi Ban Tang* (Half-Dose Decoction of Ephedra and Cinnamon Twig) and *Baidu San* are both highly effective in treating severe aversion to cold. (Formulas are listed under the Shanghan section.)
Whenever women or unmarried girls experience sudden chills and fever resembling malaria, prolonged illness may develop into consumptive disease (*Lao*). Palpation of the left Guan position reveals an isolated wiry Liver pulse. The pulse qi extends upward to the Cun position and even reaches beyond the Yuji area. Investigating the etiology, these cases stem from unfulfilled desires and thoughts, leading to contention between yin and yang, resulting in alternating chills and fever. Only the ancient physician Cang Gong deeply understood this syndrome, which is common among nuns, widows, and menstruating unmarried women. Scholar Xu also recognized this condition; if married women suffer from it, it is due to heat entering the Blood Chamber. This constitutes a different treatment approach and cannot be equated with the cases of widows or unmarried girls.
*Qipi Tang* (Spleen-Initiating Decoction) treats widows or unmarried girls whose spleen is damaged by unfulfilled desires, leading to poor appetite, alternating chills and fever like malaria, and facial discoloration (red or yellow). This formula is most effective.
Ingredients: *Baizhu* (Atractylodes Macrocephala Rhizome) and *Danggui* (Angelica Sinensis Radix), each 1.5 qian; *Renshen* (Ginseng Radix), *Chuanxiong* (Ligusticum Chuanxiong Rhizome), *Xiangfuzi* (Cyperi Rhizoma), *Chaishu Shao* (Bupleuri Radix tip), *Xuanhusuo* (Corydalis Rhizoma), *Yujin* (Curcumae Radix), *Gancao Shao* (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma tip), and *Qingpi* (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viride), each 0.5 qian.
Crush the herbs, take one dose, decoct in water, and drink.
(*Liangfang*) *Huangqin Shen Su Yin* (Scutellaria, Ginseng and Perilla Leaf Decoction) treats the aforementioned syndrome; it is *Shensu Yin* (Ginseng and Perilla Leaf Decoction) plus *Huangqin* (Scutellariae Radix).
(Scholar Xu's Formula) *Shengdi Huang Wan* (Rehmannia Root Pill) treats widows or unmarried girls suffering from aversion to wind, fatigue, alternating chills and fever, red face, irritability, and a long wiry Liver pulse. It is suitable to take this formula to suppress yin-pathogenic factors.
Ingredients: Dried *Shengdi Huang* (Rehmanniae Radix Preparata) 3 liang; *Chishaoyao* (Paeoniae Radix Rubra) 1 liang; *Bei Chaichu* (Bupleuri Radix), *Huangqin* (Scutellariae Radix), and *Qinjiao* (Gentianae Macrophyllae Radix), each 0.5 liang.
Grind into fine powder, mix with refined honey to make pills the size of adzuki beans. Take 30–40 pills with warm rice water.