《灵枢》曰∶内伤于忧怒，则气上逆，上逆则六腑不通，温气不行，凝血蕴里而不散，津液
涩渗，着而不去，积遂成矣。
书云∶忧伤肺，气闭塞而不行。又云∶遇事而忧不止，遂成肺劳，胸膈逆满，气从胸达背，
隐痛不己。忧愁不解则伤意，恍惚不宁，四肢不耐。当食而忧，神为之惊，寐不安。
女人忧思哭泣，令阴阳气结，月水少，时多内热，若渴不已，肌体枯黑。
深忧重恚，寝息失时，伤也。
书云∶因事而有大惊恐，不能自遣，胆气不壮，神魂不安，心虚烦闷，自汗体浮，饮食无味。
恐惧不解则精伤，骨酸螈 ，精时自下，五脏失守，气虚不固。
惊则心无所倚，神无所归，虑无所定，气乃乱矣。
大恐伤肾，恐不除则志伤，恍惚不乐，非长生之道。
惊恐忧思，内伤脏腑，气逆于上，则吐血也。
恐则精怯，怯则上焦闭，闭则气逆，逆则下焦胀，气乃不行。
有妇人累月不产，以坐草太早，恐惧气结而然。遂与紫苏药破气，方得下。
临危冒险则魂飞。戏狂禽异兽则神恐。
《淮南子》云∶大怖生狂。
有朝贵坐寺中，须臾雷击坐后柱且碎，而神色不动。又有使高丽者，遇风樯折，舟人大恐，
其人恬然读书，如在斋阁。苟非所守如此，则其为戒当何耶？
老子曰∶甚爱必大费，多藏必浓亡。知足不辱，知止不殆，可以长久。甚爱色，费精神，甚
爱则遇祸患。所爱者少，所费者多。惟知足知止，则身可不辱不危也，故可长久。
憎爱损性伤神。心有所憎，不用深憎，常运心于物，平等。心有所爱，不用深爱，如觉颇偏，
寻即改正。不然，损性伤神。
多好则专迷不理，多恶则憔悴无惟，戕生之斧也。
《淮南子》曰∶好憎者，使人心劳。弗疾去则志气日耗，故不能终其寿。
《灵枢》说：内因忧怒损伤，会导致气机上逆；气机上逆则六腑不通畅，温煦之气不能运行，血液凝滞于体内而不能消散，津液涩滞渗出，停留不去，积聚便形成了。
医书说：忧伤肺，导致气机闭塞而不能运行。又说：遇事忧愁不止，最终形成肺劳（慢性虚损性疾病），出现胸膈部气逆胀满，气从胸部放射至背部，隐痛不止。忧愁不解会伤及脾意（脾藏意），导致神志恍惚不宁，四肢无力不耐受劳累。应当进食时却忧愁，会使心神受惊，睡眠不安稳。
女子若因忧思哭泣，会导致阴阳之气郁结，月经量少，时常伴有内热，如果口渴不止，肌肤会变得干枯黝黑。
深深的忧虑和强烈的愤怒，加上作息失去规律，会造成伤害。
医书说：因为事情而产生巨大的惊恐，无法自我排解，会导致胆气不壮，神魂不安，心虚烦闷，自汗且身体浮肿，饮食无味。恐惧不解会损伤肾精，导致骨酸抽搐，精气自行滑脱，五脏功能失守，气虚不能固摄。
惊骇会使心神无所依托，神魂无所归依，思虑无法安定，气机就会紊乱。
大恐损伤肾脏，恐惧不消除则会伤及意志（肾藏志），导致神志恍惚不乐，这不是长生的正道。
恐惧会使精气怯弱，精气怯弱则上焦闭塞，上焦闭塞则气机上逆，气机上逆则下焦胀满，气机便不能运行。
有位妇人长时间未能分娩，是因为临产太早，因恐惧导致气机郁结所致。于是给予紫苏类药物以破气，胎儿才得以娩出。
《淮南子》说：极大的恐怖会产生狂症。
有位朝廷显贵坐在寺庙中，片刻间雷击打在他身后的柱子上，柱子都碎了，但他的神色纹丝不动。又有出使高丽的人，遇到风浪折断桅杆，船工们非常惊恐，而那个人却安然读书，就像在书房里一样。如果不是坚守如此，那么这种警戒应当是什么呢？
老子说：过分吝惜必定造成大的耗费，过多收藏必定招致严重的亡失。知道满足就不会受到屈辱，知道适可而止就不会遇到危险，这样可以长久。过分爱惜美色，会耗费精神，过分贪爱就会遭遇祸患。所爱的少，所耗费的才多。只有知足知止，身体才可以不受屈辱和危险，所以可以长久。
憎恶和喜爱会损害本性、损伤精神。心中有所憎恶，不要过度憎恶，常让心境与万物平等对待。心中有所喜爱，不要过度深爱，如果觉得有些偏颇，立即加以改正。否则，就会损害本性、损伤精神。
喜好太多就会专注迷惑而不加理睬，厌恶太多就会憔悴而无主见，这是戕害生命的斧头。
The *Ling Shu* states: Internal injury caused by sorrow and anger leads to the counterflow of Qi. When Qi flows counterwise, the six fu organs become obstructed, and warm Qi fails to circulate. Coagulated blood accumulates internally without dispersing, and body fluids become astringent and seep out, remaining in place without moving; thus, accumulation forms.
Medical texts state: Sorrow injures the Lung, causing Qi obstruction and failure to circulate. It is also stated that persistent sorrow over events eventually leads to Lung consumption (chronic deficiency syndrome), with counterfullness and Qi rebellion in the chest and diaphragm, Qi radiating from the chest to the back, and lingering pain that does not cease. Unresolved sorrow injures the Yi (the spirit housed in the Spleen), resulting in mental confusion and restlessness, and limbs that cannot endure fatigue. If one worries during meals, the Shen (Spirit) becomes startled, leading to restless sleep.
For women, worry, thinking, and crying cause the binding of Yin and Yang Qi, resulting in scanty menstruation and frequent internal heat. If thirst persists, the skin and muscles become dry and dark.
Deep sorrow and intense resentment, combined with irregular sleep and waking patterns, cause injury.
Medical texts state: Great fright due to circumstances, which cannot be self-resolved, leads to weak Gallbladder Qi, unsettled Hun and Shen, heart deficiency with vexation and oppression, spontaneous sweating, floating edema of the body, and loss of taste for food. Unresolved fear injures Jing (Essence), causing bone soreness and convulsions, spontaneous leakage of essence, loss of control over the five Zang organs, and Qi deficiency failing to secure.
Startle causes the Heart Spirit to have no support, the Hun and Shen to have no return, and thoughts to lack stability, leading to chaotic Qi.
Great fear injures the Kidney. If fear is not resolved, the Zhi (Will, housed in the Kidney) is injured, resulting in mental confusion and unhappiness, which is not the way to longevity.
Fright, fear, sorrow, and worry internally injure the Zang and Fu organs. If Qi rebels upward, hematemesis (vomiting blood) occurs.
Fear causes Jing to become timid. Timidity leads to closure of the Upper Jiao. Closure leads to Qi rebellion. Rebellion leads to distension in the Lower Jiao, and Qi ceases to move.
A woman who failed to deliver for months did so because she went into labor too early; fright caused Qi binding. She was administered Zi Su (Perilla) medicine to break Qi, and only then was the fetus delivered.
Facing danger and taking risks causes the Hun to fly away. Playing with fierce birds and strange beasts causes spiritual fright.
The *Huainanzi* states: Great terror generates madness.
A high-ranking official sat in a temple. Suddenly, lightning struck the pillar behind him, shattering it, yet his expression remained unchanged. Another envoy to Goryeo encountered a storm that broke the ship's mast; while the sailors were terrified, he calmly read books as if in his study. If one’s moral integrity were not so firm, what would be the warning?
Laozi said: Extreme love inevitably leads to great expenditure; excessive hoarding inevitably leads to severe loss. Knowing contentment avoids humiliation; knowing when to stop avoids danger, allowing for longevity. Excessive love for beauty exhausts the spirit; excessive attachment invites disaster. If what one loves is little, what one expends is much. Only by knowing contentment and knowing when to stop can one avoid humiliation and danger, thus achieving longevity.
Hatred and love damage nature and injure the spirit. If one harbors hatred towards something, do not hate deeply; instead, maintain an attitude of equality towards all things. If one harbors love, do not love deeply; if one perceives bias, correct it immediately. Otherwise, nature is damaged and the spirit is injured.
Excessive likes lead to obsession and neglect of reason; excessive dislikes lead to haggardness and lack of judgment, acting as axes that destroy life.
The *Huainanzi* says: Likes and dislikes exhaust the mind. If not quickly discarded, will and Qi are consumed daily, preventing one from reaching the end of their natural lifespan.