丹溪云∶凡积在中，是为痰饮，在左为死血，在右为食积痰气。其不能作块，或聚或散者，
气也。块者，乃有形之物，痰与会积死血而成。治块当降火消仓积死血，块去须大补。
治积病不可峻用下药，正气虚者愈损真气，积又不去，必先服补药数次，然后攻之，
或用磨积药渐而消除融化可也。积块在皮里膜外，须用补气，香附开之，兼二陈，加补气药，
先须断浓味。凡积病下之不退，当用消积药融化开则消。
临 女子薄吾病甚危，众医皆为寒热当死。臣意诊其脉曰蛲瘕，为病腹大，上肤黄粗，循
之戚戚然。臣意
饮以芫花一撮，即出蛲可数升，病已，三十日如故。蛲得之于寒湿，寒湿气郁笃不发，化为虫。
臣意所以知薄吾病者，切其脉，循其尺，其尺索刺粗，而毛美奉发，是虫气也。其色泽者，中
脏无邪气及重病。（《史记》）
隋有患者尝饥而吞食，则下至胞便即吐出。医作噎疾、膈气、翻胃三候治之，无验。有老
医任度视之曰∶非此三疾，盖因食蛇肉不消而致斯疾，但揣心腹上有蛇形也。病者曰∶素有
大风，尝求蛇肉食，风稍愈，复患此疾矣。遂以芒硝、大黄合而治之，微泄利则愈。医皆
请其验，而知蛇瘕也。
徐文伯字德秀，笃好医术。宋明帝官人患腰痛牵心，发则气绝。诸医以为肉瘕。文伯视
之曰∶此发瘕也。以油灌之，即吐物如发稍长，引之长三尺，头以成蛇，又能摇动。悬柱上，
水沥尽，惟余一发而已，遂愈。（出《藏经》）
朱丹溪说：凡是积聚在体内的，如果是痰饮，位于左侧则是死血（瘀血），位于右侧则是食积和痰气。那些不能结成块状，或聚或散的东西，是气。所谓“块”，是有形的物体，是由痰、食积和死血结合而成的。治疗有形的块状物，应当降火、消除食积和死血，块状物去除后必须大补元气。
治疗积聚病不可峻猛使用泻下药，因为正气虚弱的人使用泻下药会进一步损伤真气，而积聚又无法去除。必须先服用几次补药，然后再攻伐积聚，或者使用磨积药逐渐消除、融化积聚即可。如果积块位于皮里膜外，必须使用补气药，配合香附来开郁，兼用二陈汤，并加入补气药，在此之前必须先断绝浓腻厚味的食物。凡是积聚病使用泻下法无效不退的，应当使用消积药将其融化消散。
临淄女子薄吾的病非常危险，众位医生都认为是寒热交替之证，认为她会死亡。臣意（淳于意）诊察她的脉象，诊断为蛲瘕（一种由寄生虫引起的腹部肿块）。这种病的症状是腹部肿大，皮肤发黄粗糙，触摸时感觉戚戚然（不适感）。臣意给她服用一撮芫花（药材名），随即排出数升蛲虫，病就好了，三十天后身体恢复如常。蛲虫是由于寒湿之气所致，寒湿之气郁结深重而不发作，最终化为虫。臣意之所以知道薄吾患的是这种病，是因为切按其脉，循按尺肤，发现其尺部脉象索刺且粗糙，毛发美盛但发根枯槁，这是虫气的表现。其面色尚有光泽，说明内脏没有邪气及重病。（出自《史记》）
隋朝有一个患者曾经饥饿时吞食了东西，食物下到膀胱部位随即被吐出。医生们按照噎疾、膈气、翻胃这三种病症进行治疗，都没有效果。有一位老医生任度诊治后说：这不是这三种疾病，大概是因为吃了蛇肉不消化而导致此病，只要揣摸心腹上方有蛇形的硬块即可证实。病人说：素来患有大风病（麻风病），曾求取蛇肉食用，病情稍有好转，随后又患上了这个病。于是用芒硝和大黄合在一起治疗，轻微腹泻后就好了。医生们都请教其中的验效原因，从而知道了这是蛇瘕（由异物或寄生虫引起的腹部肿块）。
徐文伯字德秀，十分喜好医术。宋明帝的宫女患有腰痛牵引心痛的症状，发作时气息断绝。各位医生认为是肉瘕（由肌肉组织异常增生形成的肿块）。徐文伯诊治后说：这是发瘕（由头发等异物缠绕形成的肿块）。他用油灌入患者口中，随即吐出一个像头发一样稍长的物体，拉出来有三尺长，头部形成蛇的形状，还能摇动。悬挂在柱子上，水流干后，只剩下一根头发而已，于是病就好了。（出自《藏经》）
Zhu Danxi stated: Whenever accumulation is present in the interior, if it is Phlegm-Fluid (Tan Yin), located on the left side it represents Fixed Blood (Si Xue, i.e., blood stasis); if located on the right side, it represents Food Retention and Phlegm-Qi. That which cannot form a lump, or gathers and scatters intermittently, is Qi. A "lump" refers to a tangible entity, formed by the combination of Phlegm, Food Retention, and Fixed Blood. When treating lumps, one should descend Fire, resolve Food Retention, and eliminate Fixed Blood; after the lump is removed, substantial tonification is required.
In treating accumulation diseases, harsh purgatives must not be used aggressively. For those with deficient Zheng Qi (Upright Qi), harsh purgatives will further damage Zheng Qi, while the accumulation remains unresolved. One must first administer tonic medicines several times before attacking the accumulation, or use medicines that grind down accumulations to gradually eliminate and dissolve them. If the accumulation lies between the skin and fascia, Qi-tonifying methods are necessary, combined with Xiang Fu (Cyperus Rhizome) to open stagnation, along with Er Chen Tang (Two-Cured Decoction) and added Qi-tonifying herbs. Prior to this, rich and greasy foods must be strictly avoided. For accumulation diseases where purgation fails to resolve the condition, medicines that dissipate accumulations should be used to melt and disperse them.
Bo Wu, a woman from Linzi, was critically ill. Many physicians believed she suffered from alternating chills and fever and predicted her death. Chunyu Yi (the physician) palpated her pulse and diagnosed her with Tuo Jia (Ascaris Mass). The symptoms included abdominal distension, yellowish and rough skin, and a sensation of discomfort upon palpation. Chunyu Yi administered a pinch of Yuan Hua (Genkwa Flos), after which several sheng (a unit of volume) of ascarides were expelled. The disease was cured, and thirty days later, her body had returned to normal. Tuo arises from Cold-Dampness; when Cold-Dampness stagnates deeply without manifesting externally, it transforms into parasites. Chunyu Yi knew Bo Wu’s condition by palpating her pulse and examining the Chi region of the forearm; he found the Chi pulse string-like, prickly, and coarse, and noted that although her hair was beautiful, the roots were dry, indicating the presence of parasite Qi. Her complexion retained luster, indicating that the internal organs were free from pathogenic factors and severe disease. (From *Records of the Grand Historian*)
A patient in the Sui Dynasty once swallowed food while hungry, but the food would travel down to the bladder area and then be vomited out. Physicians treated this as Yie Ji (Dysphagia), Ge Qi (Diaphragmatic Qi Stagnation), or Fan Wei (Eversion of the Stomach), but these treatments were ineffective. An old physician named Ren Du examined the patient and said: This is not one of these three diseases. It is likely caused by undigested snake meat. One can confirm this by palpating the upper abdomen and heart region for a snake-shaped mass. The patient replied: He had previously suffered from Da Feng (Leprosy/Great Wind Disease) and had eaten snake meat, which alleviated his symptoms slightly, but subsequently developed this illness. He was treated with a combination of Mang Xiao (Natrii Sulfas) and Da Huang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma). After experiencing mild diarrhea, he recovered. Physicians asked about the efficacy, thereby learning that this was She Jia (Snake Mass).
Xu Wenbo, courtesy name Dexiu, was deeply devoted to medical arts. A palace maid of Emperor Ming of Song suffered from lower back pain radiating to the heart, accompanied by cessation of breath during attacks. Various physicians diagnosed this as Rou Jia (Flesh Mass). Xu Wenbo diagnosed it as Fa Jia (Hair Mass). He administered oil orally, causing the patient to vomit an object resembling a strand of hair. When pulled out, it measured three chi (a unit of length) in length, with the head forming a snake shape, capable of wriggling. Hung on a pillar until all fluid drained, only a single hair remained, and the patient was cured. (From *Zang Jing*)