经曰∶诸寒收引，皆属肾水。运气曰∶太阴司天之政，民病寒湿拘急。初之气风湿相搏，
民病拘急，筋强，
关节不利。
皮部论曰∶凡十二经络脉者，皮之部也。是故百病之始生也，必先于皮毛，邪中之则腠理
开，开则入客于络脉，留而不去，传人于经；留而不去，传入于府，廪于肠胃。又曰∶皮者，
脉之部也，邪客于皮则腠理开，开则邪入客于络脉，络脉满则注经脉，经脉满则入舍于腑脏也。
故皮者有分部，不与而生大病也。帝曰∶善。
经曰∶肺之合，皮也；其荣，毛也。又云∶肺主皮毛，在脏为肺，在体为皮毛是也。又云∶
手太阴者，冲气温于皮毛者也，气不荣则皮毛焦，皮毛焦则津液去，皮焦津液去者，则爪枯毛折
而死。
经曰∶夏脉者，心也。夏脉太过，则病身热肤痛，为浸淫。又云∶少阴在泉，热淫所胜，
病寒热皮肤痛。
又云∶少阴司天，火淫所胜，皮肤痛。
经曰∶三阳为病，发寒热，其传为索泽。又云∶阳明在泉，燥淫所胜，病身无膏泽，治以
苦温是也。
皮肤索泽，即仲景所谓皮肤甲错，盖皮滞而不清泽者是也。
生血润肤饮（方见燥门） 治皮肤索泽，枯燥，搔之有白屑。
升麻汤 治皮肤痛，不可以手按。
升麻（五分） 白芷（六分） 干葛 柴胡 玄参（各一钱） 黄连 黄芩 当归 生地黄 麦门
冬（各钱半） 甘草（四分）
上水二盏，姜三片、葱一寸，煎八分，食远服，取微汗。
泽肤膏 治皮肤枯燥如鱼鳞。
牛骨髓 真酥油（各等分）
上二味合炼一处，以净瓷罐贮之，每日空心用三匙，热酒调服。不饮酒者，蜜汤调。
七日肌肤润泽，久服滋阴养血，止嗽，荣筋。
《黄帝内经》说：各种寒性病症导致的肢体收缩牵引，都归属于肾水（肾脏及其相关的水液代谢功能）。五运六气理论说：当太阴湿土主司天时，百姓容易患寒湿引起的拘挛急迫之病。初之气阶段，风邪与湿邪相互搏结，百姓出现拘挛急迫、筋脉僵硬、关节活动不利的症状。
《素问·皮部论》说：凡是十二经络的络脉，都是皮肤在体表的分布区域。因此，各种疾病的发生，必定先从皮毛开始。邪气侵袭人体，腠理（皮肤纹理及汗孔）就会张开；腠理张开后，邪气便侵入络脉；如果邪气停留不去，就会传入经脉；如果仍然停留不去，就会传入脏腑，最终积聚在肠胃之中。又说：皮肤是络脉在体表的分部，邪气客居在皮肤，则腠理开张，腠理开张则邪气进入络脉；络脉充满邪气后，注入经脉；经脉充满邪气后，就内舍于腑脏。所以，皮肤有特定的分部区域，如果不加以区分和治疗，就会发展成大病。黄帝说：讲得好。
《黄帝内经》说：肺所合的是皮肤；其荣华表现于毫毛。又说：肺主管皮毛，在五脏中对应肺，在形体组织中对应皮毛。又说：手太阴肺经，是使温煦之气布散于皮毛的经脉；如果肺气不能荣养皮毛，皮毛就会干枯；皮毛干枯则津液耗损；皮肤干枯且津液耗损，就会导致指甲枯槁、毫毛折断而死亡。
《黄帝内经》说：夏季的脉象对应心脏。夏季脉象太过，会导致身体发热、皮肤疼痛，病情蔓延如浸淫疮。又说：少阴君火在泉时，热邪过胜，会出现寒热往来、皮肤疼痛的症状。又说：少阴君火司天时，火邪过胜，也会导致皮肤疼痛。
《黄帝内经》说：三阳经发病，会出现恶寒发热的症状，其传变会导致肌肤干燥枯竭。又说：阳明燥金在泉时，燥邪过胜，会导致身体缺乏滋润光泽，治疗应使用苦温性质的药物。所谓“皮肤索泽”（皮肤干枯无光泽），就是张仲景所说的“皮肤甲错”（皮肤粗糙如鳞甲交错），即皮肤滞涩而不清润的现象。
生血润肤饮（方剂见燥证门）：治疗皮肤干枯无光泽、枯燥，搔抓后有白色皮屑。
升麻汤：治疗皮肤疼痛，不可用手按压。
处方组成：升麻（五分）、白芷（六分）、干葛根、柴胡、玄参（各一钱）、黄连、黄芩、当归、生地黄、麦门冬（各钱半）、甘草（四分）。
煎服法：以上药材用水二盏，加入生姜三片、葱白一寸，煎煮至八分量，饭后服用，以微微出汗为度。
泽肤膏：治疗皮肤干枯如鱼鳞状。
处方组成：牛骨髓、真酥油（各等分）。
制作与服用法：将上述两味药混合炼制在一起，用干净的瓷罐储存。每天空腹时用三匙，用热酒调服。不饮酒的人，用蜂蜜水调服。七日之后肌肤润泽，长期服用可滋阴养血、止咳、荣养筋脉。
The *Classic of Difficult Issues* (Jing) states: All cold conditions characterized by contraction and pulling belong to Kidney Water. The theory of Five Movements and Six Qi states: When Taiyin (Too Yin) governs the celestial position, the people suffer from diseases of cold-dampness causing stiffness and urgency. In the first phase of Qi, wind and dampness contend with each other, causing the people to suffer from stiffness and urgency, stiff sinews, and unsmooth joint movements.
Xiao Xuming Tang (Minor Continuation of Life Decoction) and Zhang Zhongjing's Sanhuang Tang are indicated for such conditions.
The *Treatise on Cutaneous Regions* (Pibu Lun) states: All twelve meridian collaterals are distributed in the skin. Therefore, when all diseases begin, they must first affect the hair follicles and skin. When pathogenic factors invade, the interstices (Couli) open; once opened, pathogens enter the collaterals. If they remain without departing, they transmit into the meridians; if they still remain without departing, they transmit into the zang-fu organs, accumulating in the intestines and stomach. It is also stated: The skin is the region of the collaterals. When pathogens lodge in the skin, the interstices open; once opened, pathogens enter the collaterals. When the collaterals are full, they pour into the meridians; when the meridians are full, they lodge within the fu-zang organs. Thus, the skin has specific regions; failing to address them according to their distribution leads to serious illness. The Yellow Emperor said: Excellent.
The *Classic* states: The Lung corresponds to the skin; its flourishing manifestation is in the body hair. It is also said: The Lung governs the skin and hair. In the zang organs, it is the Lung; in the physical structures, it is the skin and hair. It is further said: The Hand-Taiyin (Lung Meridian) is the pathway through which warm qi nourishes the skin and hair. If qi fails to nourish, the skin and hair become scorched/dry; if skin and hair become dry, body fluids are lost. If the skin becomes scorched and body fluids are lost, the nails will wither and the hair will break, leading to death.
The *Classic* states: The summer pulse corresponds to the Heart. If the summer pulse is excessive, disease manifests as fever and painful skin, resembling an oozing sore (Jinyin). It is also said: When Shaoyin (Lesser Yin) is in the earthly position, excess heat causes diseases of alternating chills and fever with skin pain. It is also said: When Shaoyin governs the celestial position, excess fire causes skin pain.
The *Classic* states: Diseases of the Three Yang channels manifest as chills and fever; their transmission leads to desiccation and loss of luster. It is also said: When Yangming (Bright Yang) is in the earthly position, excess dryness causes the body to lack oil and luster; treatment should employ bitter-warm methods. "Skin desiccated and lacking luster" refers to what Zhang Zhongjing called "skin like scales" (Jiacuo), meaning the skin is stagnant, rough, and lacks clarity and moisture.
Shengxue Runfu Yin (Blood-Generating Skin-Moistening Drink) (Formula seen in the Dryness Section): Treats skin desiccation and lack of luster, dryness, and white dander upon scratching.
Shengma Tang (Cimicifuga Decoction): Treats skin pain that cannot be touched by hand.
Ingredients: Shengma (Cimicifugae Rhizoma, 5 fen), Baizhi (Angelicae Dahuricae Radix, 6 fen), Qian Ge (Puerariae Lobatae Radix), Chaihu (Bupleuri Radix), Xuanshen (Scrophulariae Radix) (each 1 qian), Huanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma), Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix), Danggui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix), Sheng Dihuang (Rehmanniae Radix Preparata), Maidong (Ophiopogonis Radix) (each 1.5 qian), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, 4 fen).
Preparation and Administration: Take two cups of water, add three slices of fresh ginger and one inch of scallion white. Decoct until eight-tenths remains. Administer after meals to induce a slight sweat.
Zefu Gao (Skin-Brightening Ointment): Treats skin dryness resembling fish scales.
Ingredients: Niu Suisui (Bovine Marrow), Zhen Suyou (True Butter/Oil) (equal parts).
Preparation and Administration: Combine the two ingredients and refine/melt them together. Store in a clean porcelain jar. Take three spoons on an empty stomach daily, mixed with hot wine. For those who do not drink alcohol, mix with honey water. After seven days, the skin and muscles will become moist and lustrous. Long-term use nourishes yin and blood, stops cough, and benefits the sinews.