经曰∶手得血而能握，足得血而能步。夫燥之为病，皆由血液衰少，肾水不充。故诸贲
郁病痿，皆属肺金
燥气之化也。夫秋深火热，火行物燥，甚则木叶萎落，故治法当以甘寒滋润之剂，能生血胜
热。阴得滋而火得制，液能润而燥能除。源泉下降，精血上荣，如是则气液宣通，内神茂而外色
泽矣。经云∶燥者润之。非滋阴血之谓欤？经曰∶东方实，西方虚，泻南方，补北方，则
滋阴养血治燥之意也。
燥病虽为风热之化，施治当审轻重之分，以养血润燥为主，加佐辛凉可也。若或纯用辛
凉驱风，苦寒泄热，不无逐末而忘本，世多此弊而燥愈增。
丹溪云∶皮肤皴揭坼裂，血出大痛；或肌肤燥痒，皆火烁肺金，燥之甚也。宜以四物汤去
川芎加麦门冬、人参、天花粉、黄柏、五味子之类治之。
（虞氏）生血润肤饮 治燥证。皮肤坼裂，手足枯燥，搔之屑起，血出痛楚，十指甲浓，反
而莫能搔痒；又或岁金太过，或秋深燥金用事，久晴不雨，皆为燥，并患燥病，服悉愈。
川当归（酒洗） 生地黄（同上） 熟地黄 黄芩（一钱） 天门冬（钱半） 麦门冬（一钱）
五味子（九粒） 黄 （一钱） 栝蒌仁（五分） 桃仁泥（五分） 酒红花（一分） 升麻（二分）
上水二盏，煎一盏，食后温服。如大便结燥，加麻仁、郁李仁（各一钱）
（东垣）导滞通幽汤 治大便结燥，幽门不通，上冲吸门不开，噎塞不便，气不得下。治
在幽门，以辛润之。
当归 生地黄 桃仁（各一钱，另研） 红花（三分） 升麻 熟地黄（各五分） 炙甘草（三分）
上水煎，调槟榔末五分服。加大黄名当归润燥汤。
（《元戎》）桃仁四物汤 治血涩秘结不通。
桃仁 当归 川芎 生地黄 白芍药 大黄（各等分）
上水煎或丸服俱可。
（《拔萃》）六味地黄丸 治下焦燥热，小便短数，阴虚火旺，燥热劳瘦，并治。
（丹溪）大补阴丸 治燥热。（二方并见火门。）
清气化痰生津甘露丸 治咽干，燥渴，多痰而咳。
天门冬（去心） 麦门冬（同上） 橘皮（盐水拌） 天花粉（各二两） 人参（一两）
知母（盐水炒一两二钱） 枯梗（一两） 粉草（五钱）
（《 仙》）琼脂膏 治血虚皮肤枯燥，消渴等证。
生地黄（鲜者二十斤洗净，细捣取真汁去渣） 鹿角胶 真酥油（各一斤） 白砂蜜（二斤，
煎一、二沸，掠去面上末） 生姜（二两，捣取真汁）
先以文武火熬地黄汁数沸，以绢滤，取净汁，又煎二十沸，下鹿角胶，次下酥油及蜜，
同煎良久。候 如饧，以瓷器取贮，每服二、三匙，空心温酒调下。
琼玉膏 治证同前及肺热咳嗽，燥甚。（方见咳嗽门。）
天门冬膏 治血虚肺燥，皮肤坼裂及肺痿咳血。
天门冬（鲜者不拘多少）
上洗净，去皮心细捣绞取汁，澄清以布滤去渣，用砂锅慢火熬成膏。每用一、二匙，
空心温酒调下。
地仙膏 治诸燥证。
山药（一斤为末） 杏仁（一升去皮尖） 牛乳（二升）
上以杏仁捣细，入牛乳、山药，拌匀绞汁。用新瓮瓶密封，重汤煮一日。每服一、
二匙，空心温酒或汤下。
（《证治》）活血润燥生津饮
麦门冬 天门冬 生地黄 熟地黄 天花粉 当归 栝蒌仁 麻仁泥 粉草（各等分）
上咀，水煎温服。
脉象紧而涩，属于燥证。脉象浮而弦，属于风燥。脉象芤而虚，属于血少导致的燥证。
《内经》说：手得到血的濡养才能握持，脚得到血的濡养才能行走。所谓燥病，都是由血液衰少、肾水不充盈引起的。所以各种因气机贲郁导致的痿证，都属于肺金受燥气化生的影响。深秋时节火热盛行，火行则万物干燥，严重时连树木叶子都会枯萎掉落，因此治疗方法应当使用甘寒滋润的药物，能够生血并胜过热邪。阴液得到滋润而火邪得以制约，津液能够润泽而燥邪得以消除。源泉向下流动，精血向上荣润，这样气机和津液就能宣通，内在的神气茂盛，外在的气色光泽。经书说：燥者润之。难道不是指滋阴养血的意思吗？经书又说：东方实（肝旺），西方虚（肺弱），泻南方（心火），补北方（肾水），这就是滋阴养血治疗燥证的意旨。
燥病虽然是由风热化生所致，施治时应当审察轻重的区别，以养血润燥为主，辅以辛凉药物是可以的。如果单纯使用辛凉药物驱风，苦寒药物泄热，难免有舍本逐末的弊端，世间多有这种弊病，反而使燥证加重。
朱丹溪说：皮肤粗糙开裂出血，剧烈疼痛；或者肌肤干燥瘙痒，这都是火邪灼伤肺金，燥邪严重的表现。适宜用四物汤去掉川芎，加入麦门冬、人参、天花粉、黄柏、五味子等药物治疗。
虞抟的生血润肤饮，治疗燥证。皮肤开裂，手足干枯，搔抓后皮屑起落，出血且疼痛，十指甲厚，反而不能搔痒；或者是岁金太过，或者深秋燥金当令，久晴无雨，都导致燥证，服用此方都能痊愈。
药材：川当归（酒洗）、生地黄（同上处理）、熟地黄、黄芩（一钱）、天门冬（一钱半）、麦门冬（一钱）、五味子（九粒）、黄芪（一钱）、栝蒌仁（五分）、桃仁泥（五分）、酒红花（一分）、升麻（二分）。
用法：用水两盏，煎至一盏，饭后温服。如果大便干结燥硬，加火麻仁、郁李仁（各一钱）。
李东垣的导滞通幽汤，治疗大便干结燥硬，幽门不通，气机上冲导致吸门不开，噎塞不便，气不得下行。治疗重点在幽门，用辛润的方法治疗。
药材：当归、生地黄、桃仁（各一钱，另研碎）、红花（三分）、升麻、熟地黄（各五分）、炙甘草（三分）。
用法：用水煎煮，调入槟榔末五分服用。加大黄名为当归润燥汤。
《元戎》的桃仁四物汤，治疗血涩秘结不通。
药材：桃仁、当归、川芎、生地黄、白芍药、大黄（各等分）。
用法：用水煎煮或制成丸剂服用均可。
《拔萃》的六味地黄丸，治疗下焦燥热，小便短少频数，阴虚火旺，燥热劳损消瘦，一并治疗。
朱丹溪的大补阴丸，治疗燥热。（这两个方剂并见“火门”章节。）
清气化痰生津甘露丸，治疗咽干，燥渴，多痰而咳嗽。
药材：天门冬（去心）、麦门冬（同上处理）、橘皮（盐水拌）、天花粉（各二两）、人参（一两）、知母（盐水炒一两二钱）、桔梗（一两）、粉草（五钱）。
《仙授》的琼脂膏，治疗血虚导致的皮肤枯燥，消渴等症状。
药材：生地黄（鲜品二十斤洗净，细捣取真汁去渣）、鹿角胶、真酥油（各一斤）、白砂蜜（二斤，煎一至二沸，撇去面上浮沫）、生姜（二两，捣取真汁）。
用法：先用文武火熬地黄汁数沸，用绢布过滤，取净汁，再煎二十沸，下入鹿角胶，接着下入酥油和蜜，同煎良久。待药液像饴糖一样稠粘时，用瓷器盛装储存。每次服用二三匙，空腹用温酒调下。
琼玉膏，治疗的证候与前述相同，以及肺热咳嗽，燥邪严重。（方剂见“咳嗽门”章节。）
天门冬膏，治疗血虚肺燥，皮肤开裂以及肺痿咳血。
药材：天门冬（鲜品不拘多少）。
用法：洗净，去皮去心，细捣绞取汁液，澄清后用布过滤去渣，用砂锅慢火熬成膏状。每次用一二匙，空腹用温酒调下。
地仙膏，治疗各种燥证。
药材：山药（一斤为末）、杏仁（一升去皮尖）、牛乳（二升）。
用法：将杏仁捣细，加入牛乳、山药，拌匀绞取汁液。用新瓮瓶密封，隔水蒸煮一天。每次服用一二匙，空腹用温酒或温水送下。
《证治准绳》的活血润燥生津饮，治疗燥证。
药材：麦门冬、天门冬、生地黄、熟地黄、天花粉、当归、栝蒌仁、麻仁泥、粉草（各等分）。
用法：切碎，用水煎煮温服。
The pulse is tight and choppy, indicating Dryness. If the pulse is floating and wiry, it indicates Wind-Dryness. If the pulse is knotted and deficient, it indicates Dryness due to Blood deficiency.
The Classics state: "When the hands receive nourishment from Blood, they can grasp; when the feet receive nourishment from Blood, they can walk." The disease of Dryness arises entirely from the decline of Blood and the insufficiency of Kidney Water. Therefore, various Wei syndromes (flaccidity syndromes) caused by Qi stagnation and depression belong to the transformation of Lung Metal affected by Dryness Qi. In late autumn, Fire prevails; when Fire acts, all things become dry, and severely, tree leaves wither and fall. Thus, the treatment method should employ Sweet-Cold moistening agents that can generate Blood and overcome Heat. When Yin is moistened, Fire is controlled; when fluids are lubricating, Dryness is eliminated. The source descends, Essence and Blood ascend to nourish; thus, Qi and fluids circulate freely, internal Shen (Spirit) becomes abundant, and external complexion becomes lustrous. The Classics say: "For Dryness, use moistening." Is this not referring to nourishing Yin and Blood? The Classics also say: "East is excess, West is deficient; drain South, tonify North." This is the meaning of nourishing Yin and Blood to treat Dryness.
Although Dryness disease is transformed from Wind-Heat, treatment must assess the degree of severity, focusing primarily on nourishing Blood and moistening Dryness, with the addition of acrid-cool auxiliaries being acceptable. If purely using acrid-cool drugs to dispel Wind and bitter-cold drugs to drain Heat, one inevitably neglects the root for the branch. The world often suffers from this flaw, causing Dryness to increase further.
Zhu Danxi said: "Rough, peeling, and cracking of the skin with bleeding and severe pain; or dry and itchy skin and muscles, are all due to Fire scorching Lung Metal, representing severe Dryness." It is appropriate to treat with Siwu Tang (Four Substances Decoction) removing Chuanxiong Rhizoma (Chuanxiong), adding Ophiopogonis Radix (Maidong), Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma (Renshen), Trichosanthis Radix (Tianhuafen), Phellodendri Cortex (Huangbai), and Schisandrae Fructus (Wuweizi).
Yu Tun's Shengxue Runfu Yin (Blood Generating Skin Moisturizing Decoction) treats Dryness syndromes. Symptoms include cracked skin, dry and rough hands and feet, scaling upon scratching, bleeding with pain, thick fingernails making scratching difficult; or excessive Metal year, or Dryness Metal dominating in late autumn, prolonged sunny weather without rain, all leading to Dryness diseases. Taking this formula leads to complete recovery.
Herbs: Danggui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis, wine-washed), Shengdihuang (Rehmanniae Radix, same preparation), Shudihuang (Prepared Rehmanniae Radix), Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix, 1 qian), Tiandong (Asparagi Radix, 1.5 qian), Maidong (Ophiopogonis Radix, 1 qian), Wuweizi (Schisandrae Fructus, 9 grains), Huangqi (Astragali Radix, 1 qian), Gualouren (Trichosanthis Semen, 0.5 qian), Taoren (Persicae Semen paste, 0.5 qian), Honghua (Carthami Flos, wine-treated, 0.1 fen), Shengma (Cimicifugae Rhizoma, 0.2 fen).
Usage: Add two cups of water, decoct to one cup, take warm after meals. If stool is constipated and dry, add Mahuang Ren (Cannabis Seed) and Yuliren (Prunus Semen, each 1 qian).
Li Dongyuan's Daozhi Tongyou Tang (Stagnation-Resolving and Lower Orifice-Unblocking Decoction) treats constipation and dryness, obstruction of the Lower Orifice (Youmen), upward rushing Qi preventing the opening of the Upper Orifice (Ximen), dysphagia and difficulty defecating, and Qi failing to descend. Treatment focuses on the Lower Orifice, using Acrid-Moistening methods.
Herbs: Danggui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis), Shengdihuang (Rehmanniae Radix), Taoren (Persicae Semen, each 1 qian, separately ground), Honghua (Carthami Flos, 3 fen), Shengma (Cimicifugae Rhizoma), Shudihuang (Prepared Rehmanniae Radix, each 0.5 fen), Zhigancao (Prepared Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, 3 fen).
Usage: Decoct in water, mix with 0.5 fen of Arecae Semen (Binglang) powder before taking. Adding Dahuang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma) names it Danggui Runzao Tang (Angelica Moistening Dryness Decoction).
Taoren Siwu Tang (Peach Kernel Four Substances Decoction) from *Yuan Rong* treats constipation due to Blood stasis and blockage.
Herbs: Taoren (Persicae Semen), Danggui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis), Chuanxiong (Ligustici Chuanxiong Rhizoma), Shengdihuang (Rehmanniae Radix), Baishao (Paeoniae Radix Alba), Dahuang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, equal parts).
Usage: Decoct in water or make into pills; both methods are acceptable.
Liuyi Dihuang Wan (Six-Ingredient Rehmannia Pill) from *Bacui* treats Lower Jiao Dryness-Heat, short and frequent urination, Yin deficiency with Fire hyperactivity, and emaciation due to Dryness-Heat exhaustion.
Dabuxin Wan (Great Tonifying Yin Pill) by Zhu Danxi treats Dryness-Heat. (Both formulas are found in the Fire Chapter.)
Qingqi Huatan Shengjin Ganlu Wan (Clearing Qi, Resolving Phlegm, Generating Fluids, Sweet Dew Pill) treats dry throat, dry thirst, profuse phlegm, and cough.
Herbs: Tiandong (Asparagi Radix, heart removed), Maidong (Ophiopogonis Radix, same preparation), Jupi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium, mixed with salt water), Tianhuafen (Trichosanthis Radix, each 2 liang), Renshen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma, 1 liang), Zhimu (Anemarrhenae Rhizoma, stir-fried with salt water, 1.2 liang), Jiegeng (Platycodonis Radix, 1 liang), Fencao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, 5 qian).
Qiongzhi Gao (Jade Gelatin Paste) from *Xianshou* treats blood deficiency causing dry skin, Xiao Ke (wasting-thirst syndrome), etc.
Herbs: Shengdihuang (Rehmanniae Radix, fresh 20 jin, washed, finely pounded to extract true juice, filtered to remove dregs), Lujiao Jiao (Deer-Horn Glue), Zhen Suyou (True Butter Oil, each 1 jin), Baisha Mi (White Rock Honey, 2 jin, boiled once or twice, skimmed surface foam), Shengjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens, 2 liang, pounded to extract true juice).
Usage: First boil the Rehmannia juice over mild fire for a few boils, filter through silk cloth to obtain clear juice, then boil twenty more times. Add Deer-Horn Glue, then add Butter Oil and Honey, simmer for a long time. When the consistency resembles maltose, store in porcelain vessels. Take 2-3 spoons per dose, mixed with warm wine on an empty stomach.
Qiongyu Gao (Jade Jade Paste) treats the same conditions as above, as well as Lung Heat cough and severe Dryness. (Formula found in the Cough Chapter.)
Tiandong Gao (Asparagus Paste) treats Blood deficiency and Lung Dryness, skin cracking, and Fei Wei (Lung萎) with hemoptysis.
Herbs: Tiandong (Asparagi Radix, fresh, any amount).
Usage: Wash clean, peel, remove heart, finely pound and squeeze to extract juice. Clarify and filter through cloth to remove dregs. Slowly boil in a clay pot until it becomes a paste. Take 1-2 spoons per dose, mixed with warm wine on an empty stomach.
Dixian Gao (Immortal Earth Paste) treats various Dryness syndromes.
Herbs: Shanyao (Dioscoreae Rhizoma, 1 jin powdered), Xingren (Armeniacae Semen, 1 sheng, peeled and core removed), Niurou (Cow Milk, 2 sheng).
Usage: Pound Xingren finely, mix with Cow Milk and Shanyao, blend and squeeze to extract juice. Seal tightly in a new jar, steam over boiling water for one day. Take 1-2 spoons per dose, taken with warm wine or water on an empty stomach.
Huoxue Runzao Shengjin Yin (Invigorating Blood, Moistening Dryness, Generating Fluids Decoction) from *Zhengzhi Quanshu* treats Dryness syndromes.
Herbs: Maidong (Ophiopogonis Radix), Tiandong (Asparagi Radix), Shengdihuang (Rehmanniae Radix), Shudihuang (Prepared Rehmanniae Radix), Tianhuafen (Trichosanthis Radix), Danggui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis), Gualouren (Trichosanthis Semen), Mahuren (Cannabis Seed paste), Fencao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, equal parts).
Usage: Cut into pieces, decoct in water, take warm.