【救饥】采叶炸熟，换水浸淘去苦味。以油盐调食。勿空腹服饵，令人溺不禁。【治病】具见本草。
前胡 生陕西、汉梁、江淮、荆襄、江宁、咸州诸郡，相、孟、越、衢、婺睦等州
皆有。今密县梁家冲山野中亦有之。苗高二三尺，青白色似斜蒿，味甚香美，叶似野菊花叶而瘦
细，颇似山萝葡叶亦细，又似芸蒿，开黪白花，类蛇床子花，秋间结实，根细青紫色。一云外黑
里白。味甘辛微苦，性微寒无毒。半夏为之使，
恶皂荚，畏藜芦。
【救饥】采叶炸熟，换水浸，淘净。以油盐调食。【治病】具见本草。
地榆 生桐柏山及冤句山谷，今处处有之。密县山野中亦有此，多宿根。其苗初生
布地，后撺葶直高三四尺，对分生叶，叶似榆叶而狭细颇长，作锯齿状，青色，开花如椹子，紫
黑色，又类豉，故名玉豉。其根外黑里红似柳根。亦入酿酒，叶烧作灰，能烂石。味苦甘酸，性
微寒。一云沉寒无毒，得发良。恶麦门冬。
【救饥】采嫩叶炸熟，用水浸去苦味，换水淘净。以油盐调食。无茶时用叶作饮甚解热。
【治病】具见本草。
连翘 一名异翘，一名兰华，一名折根，一名轵（音纸），一名三廉，《尔雅》谓
之连草，一名连苕（音条）。生太山山谷及河中，江宁、泽润、淄、兖、鼎岳、利州、南康皆有
之。今密县梁家冲山谷中亦有。科苗高三尺，茎杆赤色，叶如榆叶大，面光色青黄，边微细锯齿。
又似金银花叶，微尖FS （音哨），开花黄色可爱，结房状似山栀子，厥微匾而无棱，瓣底中有子
如雀舌样，极小，其子折之间片片相比如翘，以此得名。味苦性平无毒，叶味亦若。
【救饥】采嫩叶炸熟，换水浸去苦味，淘洗净。油盐调食。【治病】具见本草。
仙灵脾 本草名淫羊藿，一名刚前，俗名黄德祖、千两金、干鸡筋、放杖草、弃杖草。
俗又呼三枝九叶草。生上郡阳山山谷及江东、陕西、泰山、汉中、湖湘、介州等郡，并永康军皆
有之。今密县山野中亦有。苗高二尺许，茎似小豆茎极细紧，叶似杏叶颇长，近蒂皆有一缺。又
似绿豆叶亦长而光，梢间开花白色，亦有紫色花作碎小独头。根紫色有须，形类黄连状。味辛性
寒。一云性温无毒。生处不闻水声者良。薯蓣、紫芝为之使。
【救饥】采嫩叶炸熟，水浸去邪味，淘净。油盐调食。【治病】具见本草。
野生姜 本草名刘寄奴，生江南，其越州、滁州皆有之。今中牟南沙岗间亦有之。茎
似艾蒿，长二三尺余，叶似菊叶而瘦细，又似野艾蒿叶亦瘦细，开花白色，结实黄白色，作细筒
子，蒴儿盖蒿之类也。其子似稗而细，苗叶味苦，性温无毒。
【救饥】采嫩叶炸熟，水浸淘去尽苦味。以油盐醋调食。【治病】具见本草。
马兰头 本草名马兰，旧不着所出州土，但云生泽旁，如泽兰。北人见其花呼为紫菊，
以其花似菊而紫也。苗高一二尺，茎亦紫色，叶似薄荷，边皆锯齿，又似地瓜儿叶微大。味辛性
平，无毒。又有山兰生山侧，似刘寄奴叶，无桠不对生，花心微黄赤。
【救饥】采苗叶炸熟，新汲水浸去苦味，淘洗净。以油盐调食。【治病】具见本草。
（音 ），俗名粘糊菜，俗又呼火 草。旧不着所出州郡，今处处有之。苗高
三四尺，金棱银线素根紫 ，茎叉对节而生，茎叶颇类苍耳，茎叶纹脉竖直，梢叶间开花，深黄
色，又有一种叶似芥叶而尖，开花如菊，结实颇似鹤虱，科苗味苦，性寒小毒。
【救饥】采嫩苗叶炸熟，水洗去苦味，淘净。以油盐调食。【治病】具见本草。
泽泻 俗名水荠菜，一名水泻，一名及泻，一名鹄泻。生汝南池泽及齐州、山东，
河陕、江淮亦有。汉中者为佳。今水边处处有之。丛生苗叶，其叶似牛舌草，叶纹脉竖直，叶丛
中间撺葶，对分茎叉，茎有线楞，梢间开三瓣小白花，结实小青细。子味甘，叶味微寒，俱无毒也。
【救饥】采叶炸熟，水浸淘净。油盐调食。【治病】具见本草。
竹节菜 一名翠蝴蝶，又名翠娥眉，又名笪竹花，一名倭青草。南北皆有。今新郑县
山野中亦有之。叶似竹叶微宽短，茎淡红色，就地
丛生撺节，似初生嫩苇节，梢叶间开翠碧花，状类蝴蝶。其叶味甜。
【救饥】采嫩苗叶炸熟，油盐调食。【治病】具见本草。
独 苗 生田中，今处处有之。叶似竹形而柔弱细小， （音布）茎而生。茎叶梢间
结小青子，子小如栗粒。科茎老时可为扫帚。叶味微甘。
【救饥】采嫩苗叶炸熟，水浸淘净。以油盐调食。晒干炸食，不破腹，尤佳妙。【治病】具见本草。
兔儿酸 一名兔儿浆，所在田野中皆有之。苗比水荭矮短，茎叶皆类水荭。其茎节密，
其叶亦稠，比水荭叶稍薄小。味酸性温。
【救饥】采苗炸熟，以新汲水浸去酸味，淘净。油盐调食。【治病】具见本草。
蓬 音减。一名盐蓬，生水旁下湿地。茎似落梨，亦有线楞，叶似篷而肥壮，比
篷叶亦稀疏，茎叶间结青子，极细小。其叶味微咸，性温无毒。
【救饥】采苗叶炸熟，水浸去咸味，淘洗净。以油盐调食。【治病】具见本草。
蒿 田野中处处有之，苗高二尺余，茎干似艾，其叶细长，锯齿叶 （音布）茎
而生。味微咸，性微寒。
【救饥】采嫩苗炸熟，水浸淘净。油盐调少食。【治病】具见本草。
水莴苣 一名水波菜，水边多生，苗高一尺余。叶似麦蓝叶而有细锯齿。两叶对生，
每两叶间对叉又生两枝。梢间开青白花，结小青 ，如小椒大。其叶味微苦，性寒。
【救饥】采苗叶炸熟，水淘净。油盐调食。【治病】具见本草。
金盏菜 一名地冬瓜菜，生田野中。苗高二三尺，茎初微赤而有线路，叶似绵柳叶微
浓， 茎而生，茎叶稠密，开花紫色黄心。其叶味甘微寒。
【救饥】采苗叶炸熟，水洗净。油盐调食。【治病】具见本草。
紫云菜 生密县梁家冲山野中，苗高一二尺，茎方紫色，对节生叉。叶似山小菜叶颇
长。 梗对生。叶顶及叶间开淡紫花，其叶味微苦。
【救饥】采嫩苗叶炸熟，水浸淘去苦味。油盐调食。【治病】具见本草。
鸦葱 生田野中，板叶尖长榻地而生。叶似初生 秫叶而小，又似初生小蓝叶细窄
而尖，其叶边皆曲皱，叶中撺葶，上结小 ，后出白英，味微辛。
【救饥】采嫩苗叶炸熟，水淘洗出辣气。以油盐调食，生叶可食之。【治病】具见本草。
匙头菜 生密县山野中，作小科苗。其茎面分五色，背圆。叶似尖匙头样，有如杏叶
大，边微锯齿，开淡红花，结子黄褐色。叶味甜。
【救饥】采叶炸熟，水浸淘净。油盐调食。【治病】具见本草。
鸡冠菜 生田野中，苗高尺丝，叶似青英菜叶而窄小，又似山菜叶而窄，FS 梢开出穗
似兔儿尾，穗却微细小。开粉红花，结实如苋菜子，苗叶味苦。
【救饥】采苗叶炸熟，水浸淘去苦气。以油盐调食。【治病】具见本草。
水蔓青 一名地肤子，生中牟县南沙岗中。苗高一二尺，叶仿佛似地瓜儿叶，却甚少
卷边 面，又似鸡儿肠叶颇尖，FS #梢间出穗，开淡藕丝褐色花。其叶味微甜。
【救饥】采苗叶炸熟，以油盐调食。【治病】具见本草。
野园荽（音虽） 生祥符西北田野中，苗高一尺余，苗叶结实皆似家胡荽，但细小瘦
窄。味甜微辛香。
【救饥】采嫩苗叶炸熟，油盐调食。【治病】具见本草。
牛尾菜 生辉县鸦子口山野间，苗高二三尺。叶似龙须菜叶，叶间分生叉枝及出一细
丝蔓，又似金刚刺叶而小，纹脉皆竖，茎叶梢间开白花，结子黑色。其叶味微甘。
【救饥】采嫩叶炸熟，水浸淘净。以油盐调食。【治病】具见本草。
山 菜 生密县山野中，苗初榻地生。其叶之茎背圆面窳（五化切），叶似初出冬蜀
葵稍小，五花叉锯齿边，又似蔚臭苗叶而硬浓颇大。后撺茎深紫色，梢叶颇小，其味微辣。
【救饥】采苗叶炸熟，水浸淘洗净。油盐调食。【治病】具见本草。
绵丝菜（生辉县山野中，苗高一二尺，叶似兔见尾叶，但短小，又似柳叶亦比短小。梢头攒
生小KT FS ，开黪白花。其叶味微甜。
【救饥】采苗叶炸熟，水浸淘净。以油盐调食。【治病】具见本草。
米蒿 生田野中，所在处处有之。苗高人许。叶似园荽叶微细，叶丛间分生茎叉，
梢上开小青黄花，结小细角似葶苈。角儿味苦。
【救饥】采嫩苗炸熟，水浸淘净。以油盐调食。【治病】具见本草。
舌头菜 生密县山野中，苗叶榻地生。叶似山白菜叶而小，头颇团，叶面不皱，比山
白菜叶亦浓，状类猪舌形，故以为名。
【救饥】采叶炸熟，水浸去苦味，换水淘净。以油盐调食。【治病】具见本草。
紫香蒿 生中牟县平野中。苗高一二尺，茎方紫色，叶似邪蒿叶而背白，又似野葫萝
卜叶微短，茎叶梢间结小青子，比灰菜子又小。其叶味微苦。
【救饥】采叶炸熟，水浸去苦味。以油盐调食。【治病】具见本草。
金盏儿花 人家园圃中多种，苗高六七寸，叶似初生莴苣叶，比莴苣叶狭窄而浓，
茎生叶，茎端开金黄色盏子样花。其叶味微酸。
【救饥】采苗叶炸熟，水浸去酸味淘净。油盐调食。【治病】具见本草。
六月菊 生祥符西田野中。苗高一二尺，茎似铁杆（音杆）蒿茎，叶似鸡肠叶，但长
而涩，又似马兰头叶而硬短。梢叶间开淡紫花。叶味微酸涩。
【救饥】采叶炸熟，水浸去邪味。以油盐调食。【治病】具见本草。
柳叶菜 生郑州贾峪（音欲）山山野中，苗高二尺余。茎淡红色，叶似柳叶而浓短，
有涩毛，梢间开四瓣深红花，结细长角儿，其叶味微甜。
【救饥】采苗叶炸熟。以油盐调食。【治病】具见本草。
婆婆指甲菜 生田野中，作地FS 科生，茎细弱，叶象女人指甲，又似初生枣叶微薄细，
茎梢间结小花瓣。苗叶味甘无毒。
【救饥】采嫩苗叶炸熟，油盐调食。【治病】具见本草。
铁杆蒿 生田野中，苗茎高二三尺，叶似独扫叶微肥短，又似 蓄叶而短小，分生茎
叉。梢间开淡紫花黄心，其叶味苦。
【救饥】采叶炸熟，水淘去苦味。以油盐调食。【治病】具见本草。
山红菜头 生密县韶华山山谷中，苗高二三尺，茎青白色，叶似初生绵花叶而窄，花叉
颇浅，其茎叶间开五瓣淡紫花，结子如枸杞子。生则青，熟则红色。其叶味苦。
【救饥】采叶炸熟，换水浸淘去苦味。以油盐调食。【治病】具见本草。
剪刀股（音古） 生田野中，处处有之，就地作小科苗。叶似嫩苦苣叶而细小，色颇
似兰亦有白汁，茎叉梢间开淡黄花。叶味苦。
【救饥】采嫩苗叶炸熟，水浸淘去苦味。油盐调食。【治病】具见本草。
鹅儿肠 生许州水泽边，就地妥茎而生。对节生叶，叶似 豆叶而薄，又以佛指甲叶
微，梢叶间分生枝叉，开白花，结子似葶苈子。其叶味甜。
【救饥】采苗叶炸熟，以油盐调食。【治病】具见本草。
毛连菜 一名常十八，生田野中。苗初榻地生，后撺茎叉，高二尺许。叶似刺蓟叶而
长大梢尖，其叶边 （音堰）曲皱，上有涩毛，梢间开银褐花。味微苦涩。
【救饥】采叶炸熟，水浸淘净。油盐调食。【治病】具见本草。
小桃红 一名凤仙花，一名夹竹桃，又名海 （音纳），俗名染指甲草。人家园圃中
多种，今处处有之。苗高一尺许，叶面窄，边有细锯齿，开红花，结实形类桃样极小，有子似萝
卜子。取之易迸（北诤切）散，俗名急性子。叶味苦微涩，无毒。
【救饥】采苗叶炸熟，水浸一宿做菜。油盐醋调食。【治病】具见本草。
八角菜 生辉县太行山山野中，苗高一尺许，苗茎甚细，其叶状类牡丹叶大，味甜。
【救饥】采嫩苗叶炸熟，水浸淘净，油盐调食。【治病】具见本草。
地棠菜 生郑州南沙岗中，苗高一二尺，叶似地棠花叶甚大，又似初生芥菜叶微狭而尖。其味甜。
【救饥】采嫩苗叶炸熟，油盐调食。【治病】具见本草。
鸡儿肠 生中牟田野中，苗高一二尺，茎黑紫色，叶似薄荷叶微小，边有稀锯齿，又
似六月菊，梢叶间开细瓣淡粉紫花，黄心。叶味微辣。
【救饥】采叶炸熟，换水淘去辣味。油盐调食。【治病】具见本草。
扯根菜 生田野中，苗高一尺许。茎色赤红，叶似小桃红叶微窄小，色颇绿，又似小
柳叶亦短而浓窄。其叶周遭攒茎而生，开碎瓣小青白花，结子。花蒴似蒺藜样。叶苗味甜。
【救饥】采苗叶炸熟，水浸淘净。以油盐调食。【治病】具见本草。
草零陵香 又名芫香。人家园圃中多种之。叶似苜蓿叶而长大微尖，茎叶间开小淡
粉紫花，作小短穗，其子小如粟粒。苗叶味微苦，性平。
【救饥】采苗叶炸熟，水浸淘净。以油盐调食。【治病】具见本草。
凉蒿菜 又名甘菊芽。生密县山野中，叶似菊花叶而细长尖，FS （音哨）又多花叉，
开黄花。其叶味甘。
【救饥】采摘叶片，焯水煮熟后，换水浸泡并淘洗以去除苦味。用油和盐调味食用。切勿空腹服用，否则会导致小便失禁。【治病】详细功效见《本草》著作。
前胡 产于陕西、汉梁、江淮、荆襄、江宁、咸州等各郡，相州、孟州、越州、衢州、婺州、睦州等地也都有生长。如今密县梁家冲的山野中也有。植株高约二三尺，青白色，类似斜蒿，气味非常香美。叶片像野菊花的叶子但更瘦细，颇似山萝葡的叶子也很细，又有点像芸蒿。开灰白色的花，类似蛇床子的花。秋季结实，根部细长，呈青紫色。有一种说法是外皮黑里面白。味道甘甜、辛，略带苦味，药性微寒，无毒。半夏作为其引经药（使之），厌恶皂荚，畏惧藜芦。
【救饥】采摘叶片焯水煮熟，换水浸泡，淘洗干净。用油和盐调味食用。【治病】详细功效见《本草》著作。
地榆 产于桐柏山及冤句山谷，如今各地都有生长。密县山野中也有这种植物，多为多年生宿根。它的幼苗初生时贴地生长，后来抽茎直立，高三四尺，叶片对生。叶子像榆树叶但狭长且较细，呈锯齿状，青色。开花像桑葚，紫黑色，又像豆豉，所以名叫玉豉。根部外皮黑里面红，像柳根。也可以用来酿酒，叶子烧成灰，能腐蚀石头。味道苦、甘、酸，药性微寒。有一种说法是性质沉寒，无毒，配合头发使用效果好。厌恶麦门冬。
【救饥】采摘嫩叶焯水煮熟，用水浸泡去除苦味，换水淘洗干净。用油和盐调味食用。没有茶的时候用叶子做饮料，很能解热。【治病】详细功效见《本草》著作。
连翘 又名异翘，又名兰华，又名折根，又名轵（音纸），又名三廉，《尔雅》中称之为连草，又名连苕（音条）。产于泰山山谷及黄河中游地区，江宁、泽润、淄州、兖州、鼎岳、利州、南康等地都有生长。如今密县梁家冲山谷中也有。株高约三尺，茎杆呈赤色，叶子像榆树叶大小，表面光滑，颜色青黄，边缘有细微锯齿。又有点像金银花的叶子，尖端略尖（音哨），开黄色的花，可爱动人。果实形状像山栀子，略微扁平而无棱角，瓣底中有种子像雀舌一样，极小。将种子折断，片片相连如同翘起的样子，因此得名。味道苦，药性平，无毒，叶子的味道也类似。
【救饥】采摘嫩叶焯水煮熟，换水浸泡去除苦味，淘洗干净。用油和盐调味食用。【治病】详细功效见《本草》著作。
仙灵脾 《本草》中名为淫羊藿，又名刚前，俗名黄德祖、千两金、干鸡筋、放杖草、弃杖草。民间又称其为三枝九叶草。产于上郡阳山山谷及江东、陕西、泰山、汉中、湖湘、介州等郡，以及永康军等地都有生长。如今密县山野中也有。苗高二尺左右，茎像小豆茎一样极细紧，叶子像杏叶颇长，靠近叶柄处都有一个缺口。又有点像绿豆叶，也长而光滑，梢头开白花，也有紫色的花，呈碎小的单朵。根部紫色有须，形状类似黄连。味道辛，药性寒。有一种说法是药性温，无毒。生长在听不到水声地方的品质好。薯蓣、紫芝作为其引经药（使之）。
【救饥】采摘嫩叶焯水煮熟，用水浸泡去除异味，淘洗干净。用油和盐调味食用。【治病】详细功效见《本草》著作。
野生姜 《本草》中名为刘寄奴，产于江南，越州、滁州等地都有生长。如今中牟南沙岗间也有生长。茎像艾蒿，长二三尺多，叶子像菊花叶但瘦细，又有点像野艾蒿叶也瘦细。开白花，结黄白色的果实，呈细筒状，蒴果像蒿类植物的种子。种子像稗子但更细，苗叶味道苦，药性温，无毒。
【救饥】采摘嫩叶焯水煮熟，用水浸泡淘洗以彻底去除苦味。用油、盐和醋调味食用。【治病】详细功效见《本草》著作。
马兰头 《本草》中名为马兰，旧籍未记载其出产州土，只说生于水泽旁边，像泽兰。北方人看到它的花叫它紫菊，因为花像菊花且是紫色的。苗高一二尺，茎也是紫色，叶子像薄荷，边缘全是锯齿，又有点像地瓜儿叶稍大一些。味道辛，药性平，无毒。还有一种山兰生长在山侧，叶子像刘寄奴，无分叉不对生，花心微黄赤色。
【救饥】采摘苗叶焯水煮熟，用新汲取的水浸泡去除苦味，淘洗干净。用油和盐调味食用。【治病】详细功效见《本草》著作。
（音某字，此处原文缺字或为异体字，俗名粘糊菜，民间又称火XX草。旧籍未记载其出产州郡，如今各地都有生长。苗高三四尺，茎有金棱银线，素根紫色，茎叉对节而生，茎叶颇像苍耳，茎叶纹理脉络竖直。梢叶间开花，深黄色。又有一种叶子像芥菜叶而尖，开花像菊花，结实很像鹤虱。株苗味道苦，药性寒，有小毒。
【救饥】采摘嫩苗叶焯水煮熟，水洗去除苦味，淘洗干净。用油和盐调味食用。【治病】详细功效见《本草》著作。
泽泻 俗名水荠菜，一名水泻，一名及泻，一名鹄泻。产于汝南池泽及齐州、山东，河陕、江淮等地也有生长。汉中产的质量最佳。如今水边处处都有生长。丛生苗叶，叶子像牛舌草，叶脉竖直，叶丛中间抽茎，对分茎叉，茎有线楞，梢间开三瓣小白花，结小青细果实。种子味甘，叶味微寒，都无毒。
【救饥】采摘叶片焯水煮熟，用水浸泡淘洗干净。用油和盐调味食用。【治病】详细功效见《本草》著作。
竹节菜 一名翠蝴蝶，又名翠娥眉，又名笪竹花，一名倭青草。南北各地都有。如今新郑县山野中也有生长。叶子像竹叶但稍宽短，茎淡红色，就地丛生抽节，像初生的嫩芦苇节，梢叶间开翠碧色的花，形状像蝴蝶。叶子味道甜。
【救饥】采摘嫩苗叶焯水煮熟，用油和盐调味食用。【治病】详细功效见《本草》著作。
独 苗 生长在田中，如今各地都有。叶子像竹子形状但柔弱细小，匍匐茎而生。茎叶梢间结小青果实，果实小如栗子粒。老茎可作为扫帚。叶子味道微甘。
【救饥】采摘嫩苗叶焯水煮熟，用水浸泡淘洗干净。用油和盐调味食用。晒干后焯食，不伤肠胃，尤其佳妙。【治病】详细功效见《本草》著作。
兔儿酸 一名兔儿浆，所在田野中都有生长。苗比水荭矮短，茎叶都像水荭。茎节密集，叶子也稠密，比水荭叶子稍薄小。味道酸，药性温。
【救饥】采摘苗焯水煮熟，用新汲取的水浸泡去除酸味，淘洗干净。用油和盐调味食用。【治病】详细功效见《本草》著作。
蓬 （音减）。一名盐蓬，生长在水边低湿地。茎像落梨，也有线楞，叶子像篷草但肥壮，比篷草叶子稀疏，茎叶间结青果实，极细小。叶子味道微咸，药性温，无毒。
【救饥】采摘苗叶焯水煮熟，用水浸泡去除咸味，淘洗干净。用油和盐调味食用。【治病】详细功效见《本草》著作。
蒿 田野中处处都有，苗高二尺多，茎干像艾，叶子细长，锯齿叶匍匐茎而生。味道微咸，药性微寒。
【救饥】采摘嫩苗焯水煮熟，用水浸泡淘洗干净。用油盐少量食用。【治病】详细功效见《本草》著作。
水莴苣 一名水波菜，水边多生长，苗高一尺多。叶子像麦蓝叶而有细锯齿。两叶对生，每两叶间对叉又生两枝。梢间开青白花，结小青果实，如小辣椒大。叶子味道微苦，药性寒。
【救饥】采摘苗叶焯水煮熟，用水淘洗干净。用油和盐调味食用。【治病】详细功效见《本草》著作。
金盏菜 一名地冬瓜菜，生长在田野中。苗高二三尺，茎初生微赤且有纹路，叶子像绵柳叶稍浓，匍匐茎而生，茎叶稠密，开紫色花黄心。叶子味道甘，药性微寒。
【救饥】采摘苗叶焯水煮熟，用水洗净。用油和盐调味食用。【治病】详细功效见《本草》著作。
紫云菜 生长在密县梁家冲山野中，苗高一二尺，茎方形紫色，对节生叉。叶子像山小菜叶颇长。梗对生。叶顶及叶间开淡紫花，叶子味道微苦。
【救饥】采摘嫩苗叶焯水煮熟，用水浸泡淘洗去除苦味。用油和盐调味食用。【治病】详细功效见《本草》著作。
鸦葱 生长在田野中，板叶尖长贴地生长。叶子像初生的高粱叶但小，又像初生的小蓝叶细窄而尖，叶子边缘都弯曲褶皱，叶中抽茎，上结小果实，后出白英，味道微辛。
【救饥】采摘嫩苗叶焯水煮熟，用水淘洗出辣气。用油和盐调味食用，生叶也可吃。【治病】详细功效见《本草》著作。
匙头菜 生长在密县山野中，作小丛苗。茎面分五色，背面圆。叶子像尖匙头样，有如杏叶大，边缘微锯齿，开淡红花，结黄褐色子。叶子味道甜。
【救饥】采摘叶片焯水煮熟，用水浸泡淘洗干净。用油和盐调味食用。【治病】详细功效见《本草》著作。
鸡冠菜 生长在田野中，苗高一尺多，叶子像青英菜叶而窄小，又像山菜叶而窄，梢头开出穗像兔子尾巴，穗却微细小。开粉红花，结实像苋菜子，苗叶味道苦。
【救饥】采摘苗叶焯水煮熟，用水浸泡淘洗去除苦气。用油和盐调味食用。【治病】详细功效见《本草》著作。
水蔓青 一名地肤子，生长在中牟县南沙岗中。苗高一二尺，叶子仿佛像地瓜儿叶，却很少卷边，又像鸡儿肠叶颇尖，梢间出穗，开淡藕丝褐色花。叶子味道微甜。
【救饥】采摘苗叶焯水煮熟，用油和盐调味食用。【治病】详细功效见《本草》著作。
野园荽（音虽） 生长在祥符西北田野中，苗高一尺多，苗叶结实都像家胡荽，只是细小瘦窄。味道甜，微辛香。
【救饥】采摘嫩苗叶焯水煮熟，用油和盐调味食用。【治病】详细功效见《本草》著作。
牛尾菜 生辉县鸦子口山野间，苗高二三尺。叶子像龙须菜叶，叶间分生叉枝及出一细丝蔓，又像金刚刺叶而小，纹理脉络皆竖，茎叶梢间开白花，结黑色子。叶子味道微甘。
【救饥】采摘嫩叶焯水煮熟，用水浸泡淘洗干净。用油和盐调味食用。【治病】详细功效见《本草》著作。
山 菜 生长在密县山野中，苗初贴地生长。其叶的茎背圆面凹（五化切），叶子像初出的冬蜀葵稍小，五花叉锯齿边，又像蔚臭苗叶而硬浓颇大。后来抽茎深紫色，梢叶颇小，味道微辣。
【救饥】采摘苗叶焯水煮熟，用水浸泡淘洗干净。用油和盐调味食用。【治病】详细功效见《本草》著作。
绵丝菜（生辉县山野中，苗高一二尺，叶子像兔见尾叶，但短小，又像柳叶也比短小。梢头攒生小花，开灰白色花。叶子味道微甜。
【救饥】采摘苗叶焯水煮熟，用水浸泡淘洗干净。用油和盐调味食用。【治病】详细功效见《本草》著作。
米蒿 生长在田野中，所在处处都有。苗高人许。叶子像园荽叶微细，叶丛间分生茎叉，梢上开小青黄花，结小细角像葶苈。角儿味道苦。
【救饥】采摘嫩苗焯水煮熟，用水浸泡淘洗干净。用油和盐调味食用。【治病】详细功效见《本草》著作。
舌头菜 生长在密县山野中，苗叶贴地生长。叶子像山白菜叶而小，头部颇圆，叶面不皱，比山白菜叶也浓，形状像猪舌形，因此得名。
【救饥】采摘叶片焯水煮熟，用水浸泡去除苦味，换水淘洗干净。用油和盐调味食用。【治病】详细功效见《本草》著作。
紫香蒿 生长在中牟县平野中。苗高一二尺，茎方形紫色，叶子像邪蒿叶而背面白，又像野胡萝卜叶微短，茎叶梢间结小青果实，比灰菜子又小。叶子味道微苦。
【救饥】采摘叶片焯水煮熟，用水浸泡去除苦味。用油和盐调味食用。【治病】详细功效见《本草》著作。
金盏儿花 人家园圃中多种植，苗高六七寸，叶子像初生莴苣叶，比莴苣叶狭窄而浓，茎生叶，茎端开金黄色盏子样的花。叶子味道微酸。
【救饥】采摘苗叶焯水煮熟，用水浸泡去除酸味淘洗干净。用油和盐调味食用。【治病】详细功效见《本草》著作。
六月菊 生长在祥符西田野中。苗高一二尺，茎像铁杆蒿茎，叶子像鸡肠叶，但长而涩，又像马兰头叶而硬短。梢叶间开淡紫花。叶子味道微酸涩。
【救饥】采摘叶片焯水煮熟，用水浸泡去除异味。用油和盐调味食用。【治病】详细功效见《本草》著作。
柳叶菜 生长在郑州贾峪山山野中，苗高二尺多。茎淡红色，叶子像柳叶而浓短，有涩毛，梢间开四瓣深红花，结细长角儿，叶子味道微甜。
【救饥】采摘苗叶焯水煮熟。用油和盐调味食用。【治病】详细功效见《本草》著作。
婆婆指甲菜 生长在田野中，作地铺丛生长，茎细弱，叶子像女人指甲，又像初生枣叶微薄细，茎梢间结小花瓣。苗叶味道甘，无毒。
【救饥】采摘嫩苗叶焯水煮熟，用油和盐调味食用。【治病】详细功效见《本草》著作。
铁杆蒿 生长在田野中，苗茎高二三尺，叶子像独扫叶微肥短，又像蓄叶而短小，分生茎叉。梢间开淡紫花黄心，叶子味道苦。
【救饥】采摘叶片焯水煮熟，用水淘洗去除苦味。用油和盐调味食用。【治病】详细功效见《本草》著作。
山红菜头 生长在密县韶华山山谷中，苗高二三尺，茎青白色，叶子像初生棉花叶而窄，花叉颇浅，茎叶间开五瓣淡紫花，结子像枸杞子。生时青，熟时红色。叶子味道苦。
【救饥】采摘叶片焯水煮熟，换水浸泡淘洗去除苦味。用油和盐调味食用。【治病】详细功效见《本草》著作。
剪刀股（音古） 生长在田野中，处处都有，就地作小丛苗。叶子像嫩苦苣叶而细小，色颇像兰也有白汁，茎叉梢间开淡黄花。叶子味道苦。
【救饥】采摘嫩苗叶焯水煮熟，用水浸泡淘洗去除苦味。用油和盐调味食用。【治病】详细功效见《本草》著作。
鹅儿肠 生长在许州水泽边，就地妥茎而生。对节生叶，叶子像豆叶而薄，又以佛指甲叶微，梢叶间分生枝叉，开白花，结子像葶苈子。叶子味道甜。
【救饥】采摘苗叶焯水煮熟，用油和盐调味食用。【治病】详细功效见《本草》著作。
毛连菜 一名常十八，生长在田野中。苗初贴地生长，后抽茎叉，高二尺多。叶子像刺蓟叶而长大梢尖，叶子边缘弯曲褶皱，上有涩毛，梢间开银褐花。味道微苦涩。
【救饥】采摘叶片焯水煮熟，用水浸泡淘洗干净。用油和盐调味食用。【治病】详细功效见《本草》著作。
小桃红 一名凤仙花，一名夹竹桃，又名海（音纳），俗名染指甲草。人家园圃中多种植，如今处处都有。苗高一尺多，叶面窄，边有细锯齿，开红花，结实形状像桃子极小，有子像萝卜子。取之容易迸散，俗名急性子。叶子味道苦微涩，无毒。
【救饥】采摘苗叶焯水煮熟，用水浸泡一夜做菜。用油、盐和醋调味食用。【治病】详细功效见《本草》著作。
八角菜 生辉县太行山山野中，苗高一尺多，苗茎甚细，叶子形状像牡丹叶大，味道甜。
【救饥】采摘嫩苗叶焯水煮熟，用水浸泡淘洗干净，用油和盐调味食用。【治病】详细功效见《本草》著作。
地棠菜 生长在郑州南沙岗中，苗高一二尺，叶子像地棠花叶甚大，又像初生芥菜叶微狭而尖。味道甜。
【救饥】采摘嫩苗叶焯水煮熟，用油和盐调味食用。【治病】详细功效见《本草》著作。
鸡儿肠 生长在中牟田野中，苗高一二尺，茎黑紫色，叶子像薄荷叶微小，边有稀锯齿，又像六月菊，梢叶间开细瓣淡粉紫花，黄心。叶子味道微辣。
【救饥】采摘叶片焯水煮熟，换水淘洗去除辣味。用油和盐调味食用。【治病】详细功效见《本草》著作。
扯根菜 生长在田野中，苗高一尺多。茎色赤红，叶子像小桃红叶微窄小，色颇绿，又像小柳叶亦短而浓窄。叶子周遭攒茎而生，开碎瓣小青白花，结子。花蒴像蒺藜样。叶苗味道甜。
【救饥】采摘苗叶焯水煮熟，用水浸泡淘洗干净。用油和盐调味食用。【治病】详细功效见《本草》著作。
草零陵香 又名芫香。人家园圃中多种植。叶子像苜蓿叶而长大微尖，茎叶间开小淡粉紫花，作小短穗，其子小如粟粒。苗叶味道微苦，药性平。
【救饥】采摘苗叶焯水煮熟，用水浸泡淘洗干净。用油和盐调味食用。【治病】详细功效见《本草》著作。
[For Famine Relief] Pick the leaves, blanch and cook them thoroughly. Soak in water and rinse to remove bitterness. Season with oil and salt for consumption. Do not take on an empty stomach, as it may cause urinary incontinence. [For Treating Diseases] Detailed efficacy is recorded in the Materia Medica (Bencao).
Qianhu (Peucedani Radix) Grows in Shaanxi, Hanliang, Jianghuai, Jingxiang, Jiangning, Xianzhou, and other commanderies; also found in Xiangzhou, Mengzhou, Yuezhou, Quzhou, Wuzhou, and Muzhou. Currently found in the wilds of Liangjiachong, Mixian. The seedling is two or three chi tall, greenish-white, resembling Xiehao (a type of herb), with a very fragrant and pleasant aroma. Leaves resemble those of wild chrysanthemum but are thinner and narrower, somewhat similar to Shanluopu leaves which are also fine, and also like Yunhao. It bears pale white flowers similar to Shechuangzi (Cnidii Fructus) flowers. Bears fruit in autumn; roots are slender, greenish-purple. One account states the exterior is black and interior white. Taste: sweet, pungent, slightly bitter. Nature: slightly cold. Non-toxic. Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma) serves as its guiding herb (Shi). Dislikes Saojia (Gleditsiae Spina). Feels Liulu (Veratrum Nigrum).
[For Famine Relief] Pick leaves, blanch and cook, soak in changed water, and rinse clean. Season with oil and salt. [For Treating Diseases] See Materia Medica.
Diyu (Sanguisorbae Radix) Grows in Tongbai Mountain and Yuanju Valley; now found everywhere. Also present in Mixian wilds, mostly with perennial roots. Seedlings initially spread on the ground, then shoot up stems three to four chi high. Leaves are opposite, resembling elm leaves but narrow, long, and slender, with serrated edges, green in color. Flowers resemble mulberries, purple-black, also resembling Douchi (fermented soybeans), hence the name Yuchi (Jade Fermented Bean). Roots are black outside and red inside, resembling willow roots. Can be used for brewing wine; leaves burned to ash can corrode stone. Taste: bitter, sweet, sour. Nature: slightly cold. One account says nature is sinking and cold, non-toxic, effective when combined with hair. Dislikes Maidong (Ophiopogonis Radix).
[For Famine Relief] Pick tender leaves, blanch and cook, soak in water to remove bitterness, change water and rinse clean. Season with oil and salt. When tea is unavailable, using leaves as a drink effectively clears heat. [For Treating Diseases] See Materia Medica.
Liaoqiao (Forsythiae Fructus) Also known as Yiqiao, Lanhua, Zhegen, Zhi (pronounced 'zhi'), Sanlian. Called Liancao in *Erya*, also Liantiao (pronounced 'tiao'). Grows in Tai Mountain valleys and along the Yellow River; found in Jiangning, Zerun, Zhou, Yanzhou, Dingyue, Lizhou, Nankang. Also found in Liangjiachong valley, Mixian. Stems about three chi high, reddish. Leaves similar in size to elm leaves, smooth surface, yellowish-green, with fine serrated margins. Resembles Jinyinhua (Lonicerae Japonicae Flos) leaves, slightly pointed tip. Bears yellow flowers, attractive. Fruit resembles Shanzhizi (Gardeniae Fructus), slightly flat without ridges. Seeds at the base of petals resemble sparrow tongues, very small. When broken, seeds appear layered and overlapping like a "qiao" (hook/curved shape), giving it its name. Taste: bitter. Nature: neutral. Non-toxic. Leaf taste is similar.
[For Famine Relief] Pick tender leaves, blanch and cook, soak in changed water to remove bitterness, rinse clean. Season with oil and salt. [For Treating Diseases] See Materia Medica.
Xianlingpi (Epimedii Folium) Named Yin Yang Huo in Materia Medica. Also known as Gangqian. Common names: Huang Dezhu, Qianliangjin, Gan Jijin, Fangzhang Cao, Qizhang Cao. Also called Sanzhi Jiuye Cao (Three-branch Nine-leaf Herb). Grows in Yangshan Valley, Shangjun, Jiangdong, Shaanxi, Taishan, Hanzhong, Huxiang, Meizhou, and Yongkang Jun. Also found in Mixian wilds. Seedlings about two chi high. Stems thin and tight like small bean stems. Leaves resemble apricot leaves, long, with a notch near the petiole. Also resembles mung bean leaves, long and smooth. White flowers bloom at tips, sometimes purple, small single heads. Roots purple with fibrous hairs, resembling Huanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma). Taste: pungent. Nature: cold. One account says warm, non-toxic. Best from areas where no water sound is heard. Shuyu (Dioscoreae Rhizoma) and Zizhi (Ganoderma) serve as guiding herbs (Shi).
[For Famine Relief] Pick tender leaves, blanch and cook, soak in water to remove off-flavors, rinse clean. Season with oil and salt. [For Treating Diseases] See Materia Medica.
Yeshengjiang (Polygoni Avicularis Herba - Note: Text identifies as Liu Jinu) Named Liu Jinu in Materia Medica. Grows in Jiangnan; found in Yuezhou, Chuzhou. Also found in Nanasha Gang, Zhongmu. Stems resemble Mugwort (Ai Hao), two to three chi long. Leaves resemble chrysanthemum leaves but thin, also like wild mugwort leaves, thin. Bears white flowers. Bears yellowish-white fruit, tubular, capsule resembling Artemisia seeds. Seeds resemble barnyard grass but finer. Seedling leaves taste bitter. Nature: warm. Non-toxic.
[For Famine Relief] Pick tender leaves, blanch and cook, soak in water and rinse to remove all bitterness. Season with oil, salt, and vinegar. [For Treating Diseases] See Materia Medica.
Malantou (Kalimeris Indica Herba) Named Ma Lan in Materia Medica. Old texts do not specify origin, only that it grows by marshes, resembling Zelan (Ageratinae Herba). Northerners call it Zijú (Purple Chrysanthemum) because flowers resemble chrysanthemums and are purple. Seedlings one to two chi high. Stems purple. Leaves resemble Mint (Bohe), fully serrated. Also resembles Diguar leaves but slightly larger. Taste: pungent. Nature: neutral. Non-toxic. There is also Shanlan growing on mountain sides, leaves resembling Liu Jinu, no branching/opposite growth, flower center slightly yellow-red.
[For Famine Relief] Pick seedling leaves, blanch and cook, soak in fresh drawn water to remove bitterness, rinse clean. Season with oil and salt. [For Treating Diseases] See Materia Medica.
(Character missing/variant, common name Nianhu Cai / Sticky Vegetable, also Huo XX Cao. Old texts do not specify origin; now found everywhere. Seedlings three to four chi high. Stems have golden veins and silver lines, white roots purple. Stems branch oppositely at nodes. Leaves resemble Errenca (Xanthium Strumarium) leaves, veins vertical. Flowers deep yellow at tips. Another variety has leaves like mustard greens, pointed, flowers like chrysanthemum, fruit resembling Helishi (Daphniphylli Fructus). Seedling taste bitter. Nature: cold, slight toxicity.
[For Famine Relief] Pick tender seedling leaves, blanch and cook, wash to remove bitterness, rinse clean. Season with oil and salt. [For Treating Diseases] See Materia Medica.
Zexie (Alismatis Rhizoma) Common name Shui Qicai. Also known as Shuixie, Jixie, Hexie. Grows in Runan ponds/marshes, Qizhou, Shandong, Heshan, Jianghuai. Hanzhong origin is best. Now found everywhere by water. Clusters of leaves. Leaves resemble Ox-tongue grass (Niushecao), veins vertical. Stems shoot up from leaf clusters, branching oppositely, stems with linear ridges. Tips bear three-petaled small white flowers. Bears small green seeds. Seed taste sweet. Leaf taste slightly cold. Both non-toxic.
[For Famine Relief] Pick leaves, blanch and cook, soak in water and rinse clean. Season with oil and salt. [For Treating Diseases] See Materia Medica.
Zhujie Cai (Commelina communis Herba) Also known as Cui Hudie (Emerald Butterfly), Cui Emei, Dazhu Hua, Wo Qingcao. Found in North and South. Also in Xinzheng County wilds. Leaves resemble bamboo leaves but wider and shorter. Stems pale red, creeping and jointed like young reed joints. Tips bear emerald-blue flowers resembling butterflies. Leaf taste sweet.
[For Famine Relief] Pick tender seedling leaves, blanch and cook. Season with oil and salt. [For Treating Diseases] See Materia Medica.
Du Miao Grows in fields, now found everywhere. Leaves resemble bamboo but soft and small. Creeping stems. Tips bear small green fruits, size of millet grains. Old stems can be made into brooms. Leaf taste slightly sweet.
[For Famine Relief] Pick tender seedling leaves, blanch and cook, soak in water and rinse clean. Season with oil and salt. Dried and blanched consumption does not harm the abdomen, especially good. [For Treating Diseases] See Materia Medica.
Tu'er Suan Also known as Tu'er Jiang. Found in fields everywhere. Seedlings shorter than Shuihong (Persicaria hydropiper). Stems and leaves resemble Shuihong. Nodes dense, leaves crowded, slightly thinner and smaller than Shuihong leaves. Taste: sour. Nature: warm.
[For Famine Relief] Pick seedlings, blanch and cook, soak in fresh drawn water to remove sourness, rinse clean. Season with oil and salt. [For Treating Diseases] See Materia Medica.
Peng (Pronounced 'jian'). Also known as Yanpeng. Grows in wetlands by water. Stems resemble fallen pears, with linear ridges. Leaves resemble Peng grass but plump, sparser than Peng leaves. Tips bear small green seeds, extremely fine. Leaf taste slightly salty. Nature: warm. Non-toxic.
[For Famine Relief] Pick seedling leaves, blanch and cook, soak in water to remove saltiness, rinse clean. Season with oil and salt. [For Treating Diseases] See Materia Medica.
Hao Found everywhere in fields. Seedlings over two chi high. Stems resemble Mugwort (Ai). Leaves slender, serrated, creeping stems. Taste: slightly salty. Nature: slightly cold.
[For Famine Relief] Pick tender seedlings, blanch and cook, soak in water and rinse. Consume sparingly with oil and salt. [For Treating Diseases] See Materia Medica.
Shuiwoju Also known as Shuibocai. Grows abundantly by water. Seedlings over one chi high. Leaves resemble Maidong (Ophiopogon) leaves with fine serrations. Opposite leaves, each pair branching into two more shoots. Tips bear greenish-white flowers. Bears small green pods, size of small peppers. Leaf taste: slightly bitter. Nature: cold.
[For Famine Relief] Pick seedling leaves, blanch and cook, rinse clean with water. Season with oil and salt. [For Treating Diseases] See Materia Medica.
Jinzhan Cai Also known as Didonggua Cai. Grows in fields. Seedlings two to three chi high. Young stems slightly red with lines. Leaves resemble Cotton Willow leaves, slightly denser. Creeping stems. Dense foliage. Bears purple flowers with yellow centers. Leaf taste: sweet. Nature: slightly cold.
[For Famine Relief] Pick seedling leaves, blanch and cook, wash clean. Season with oil and salt. [For Treating Diseases] See Materia Medica.
Ziyun Cai Grows in Liangjiachong wilds, Mixian. Seedlings one to two chi high. Stems square, purple, branching at nodes. Leaves resemble Shanxiaocai leaves, long. Petioles opposite. Tips and axils bear pale purple flowers. Leaf taste: slightly bitter.
[For Famine Relief] Pick tender seedling leaves, blanch and cook, soak in water to remove bitterness, rinse. Season with oil and salt. [For Treating Diseases] See Materia Medica.
Yacong Grows in fields. Flat leaves, pointed, long, lying on ground. Leaves resemble young Sorghum leaves but smaller, or young Isatis leaves, narrow and pointed. Leaf margins curled/wrinkled. Stems shoot up from leaves. Bears small capsules. Later produces Baiying (white sap/flowers). Taste: slightly pungent.
[For Famine Relief] Pick tender seedling leaves, blanch and cook, rinse to remove pungency. Season with oil and salt. Raw leaves edible. [For Treating Diseases] See Materia Medica.
Shitou Cai Grows in Mixian wilds. Small clumps. Stems five-colored on top, round back. Leaves shaped like spoon heads, size of apricot leaves, slight serrations. Bears pale red flowers. Bears yellow-brown seeds. Leaf taste: sweet.
[For Famine Relief] Pick leaves, blanch and cook, soak in water and rinse clean. Season with oil and salt. [For Treating Diseases] See Materia Medica.
Jiguan Cai Grows in fields. Seedlings one chi high. Leaves resemble Qingyingcai leaves but narrower/smaller, or Shancai leaves narrow. Tips bear spikes resembling rabbit tails, slightly finer. Bears pink flowers. Bears seeds like Amaranthus seeds. Seedling leaves taste bitter.
[For Famine Relief] Pick seedling leaves, blanch and cook, soak in water to remove bitterness. Season with oil and salt. [For Treating Diseases] See Materia Medica.
Shumanqing Also known as Difuzi. Grows in Nanasha Gang, Zhongmu. Seedlings one to two chi high. Leaves resemble Diguar leaves but rarely curled, or Jierchang leaves, pointed. Tips bear spikes. Bears pale lotus-silk brown flowers. Leaf taste: slightly sweet.
[For Famine Relief] Pick seedling leaves, blanch and cook. Season with oil and salt. [For Treating Diseases] See Materia Medica.
Yeyuansui (Pronounced 'sui') Grows in fields northwest of Xiangfu. Seedlings over one chi high. Leaves and fruit resemble domestic Coriander (Husui), but finer and narrower. Taste: sweet, slightly pungent and fragrant.
[For Famine Relief] Pick tender seedling leaves, blanch and cook. Season with oil and salt. [For Treating Diseases] See Materia Medica.
Niutai Cai Grows in Yazi Kou wilds, Huixian. Seedlings two to three chi high. Leaves resemble Longxucail leaves. Branching shoots and thin vines emerge between leaves. Resembles Jinggangci leaves but smaller, veins vertical. Tips bear white flowers. Bears black seeds. Leaf taste: slightly sweet.
[For Famine Relief] Pick tender leaves, blanch and cook, soak in water and rinse clean. Season with oil and salt. [For Treating Diseases] See Materia Medica.
Shancai Grows in Mixian wilds. Seedlings lie on ground initially. Stem back round, face concave (Wuhua cut). Leaves resemble young Winter Hollyhock (Dongshukui) but smaller, five-lobed serrated edges. Resembles Weichou seedling leaves but harder and denser/larger. Later shoots dark purple stems. Tip leaves small. Taste: slightly pungent.
[For Famine Relief] Pick seedling leaves, blanch and cook, soak in water and rinse clean. Season with oil and salt. [For Treating Diseases] See Materia Medica.
Miansi Cai (Grows in Huixian wilds). Seedlings one to two chi high. Leaves resemble Tujiawei leaves but shorter/smaller, or Willow leaves shorter/smaller. Tips cluster small flowers, bearing pale white flowers. Leaf taste: slightly sweet.
[For Famine Relief] Pick seedling leaves, blanch and cook, soak in water and rinse clean. Season with oil and salt. [For Treating Diseases] See Materia Medica.
Mi Hao Grows in fields, found everywhere. Seedlings human height. Leaves resemble Coriander leaves but finer. Branching stems from leaf clusters. Tips bear small green-yellow flowers. Bears small slender pods resembling Tingli (Descurainiae Semen). Pods taste bitter.
[For Famine Relief] Pick tender seedlings, blanch and cook, soak in water and rinse clean. Season with oil and salt. [For Treating Diseases] See Materia Medica.
Shetou Cai Grows in Mixian wilds. Seedlings lie on ground. Leaves resemble Shanbaicai leaves but smaller, head round, surface not wrinkled, denser than Shanbaicai. Shape resembles pig tongue, hence the name.
[For Famine Relief] Pick leaves, blanch and cook, soak in water to remove bitterness, change water and rinse clean. Season with oil and salt. [For Treating Diseases] See Materia Medica.
Zixiang Hao Grows in plains of Zhongmu. Seedlings one to two chi high. Stems square, purple. Leaves resemble Xiehao leaves but white back. Resembles Wild Carrot leaves but shorter. Tips bear small green seeds, smaller than Huicai seeds. Leaf taste: slightly bitter.
[For Famine Relief] Pick leaves, blanch and cook, soak in water to remove bitterness. Season with oil and salt. [For Treating Diseases] See Materia Medica.
Jinzhan'er Hua Planted in many gardens. Seedlings six to seven cun high. Leaves resemble young Lettuce leaves, narrower and denser than Lettuce. Leaves borne on stems. Tips bear golden-yellow cup-shaped flowers. Leaf taste: slightly sour.
[For Famine Relief] Pick seedling leaves, blanch and cook, soak in water to remove sourness, rinse clean. Season with oil and salt. [For Treating Diseases] See Materia Medica.
Liuyue Ju Grows in western fields of Xiangfu. Seedlings one to two chi high. Stems resemble Tiegan Hao stems. Leaves resemble Chicken Intestine leaves, but longer and astringent. Resembles Malantou leaves but hard and short. Tips bear pale purple flowers. Leaf taste: slightly sour and astringent.
[For Famine Relief] Pick leaves, blanch and cook, soak in water to remove off-flavors. Season with oil and salt. [For Treating Diseases] See Materia Medica.
Liuyecai Grows in Jia Yu mountains, Zhengzhou. Seedlings over two chi high. Stems pale red. Leaves resemble Willow leaves but dense and short, with astringent hairs. Tips bear four-petaled deep red flowers. Bears long slender pods. Leaf taste: slightly sweet.
[For Famine Relief] Pick seedling leaves, blanch and cook. Season with oil and salt. [For Treating Diseases] See Materia Medica.
Popo Zhijiacai Grows in fields, creeping low. Stems thin and weak. Leaves resemble women's fingernails, or young Jujube leaves, thin and fine. Tips bear small petals. Seedling leaves taste sweet. Non-toxic.
[For Famine Relief] Pick tender seedling leaves, blanch and cook. Season with oil and salt. [For Treating Diseases] See Materia Medica.
Tiegan Hao Grows in fields. Seedlings/stems two to three chi high. Leaves resemble Dusao leaves, slightly fat and short. Resembles Xu leaves but short/small. Branching stems. Tips bear pale purple flowers with yellow centers. Leaf taste: bitter.
[For Famine Relief] Pick leaves, blanch and cook, rinse to remove bitterness. Season with oil and salt. [For Treating Diseases] See Materia Medica.
Shanhong Caitou Grows in Shaohua Mountain valley, Mixian. Seedlings two to three chi high. Stems greenish-white. Leaves resemble young Cotton leaves but narrow. Flower branches shallow. Tips bear five-petaled pale purple flowers. Bears seeds like Goji berries. Green when raw, red when ripe. Leaf taste: bitter.
[For Famine Relief] Pick leaves, blanch and cook, soak in changed water to remove bitterness, rinse. Season with oil and salt. [For Treating Diseases] See Materia Medica.
Jiandaogu (Pronounced 'gu') Grows in fields, found everywhere. Low clumps. Leaves resemble tender Succory leaves but small. Color resembles Orchid, exudes white juice. Tips bear pale yellow flowers. Leaf taste: bitter.
[For Famine Relief] Pick tender seedling leaves, blanch and cook, soak in water to remove bitterness, rinse. Season with oil and salt. [For Treating Diseases] See Materia Medica.
Er'chang Grows by marshes in Xuzhou. Creeping stems. Opposite leaves. Leaves resemble Bean leaves but thin. Also resembles Fo Zhijia leaves but smaller. Tips branch. Bear white flowers. Bears seeds like Tingli seeds. Leaf taste: sweet.
[For Famine Relief] Pick seedling leaves, blanch and cook. Season with oil and salt. [For Treating Diseases] See Materia Medica.
Maoliancai Also known as Chang Shiba. Grows in fields. Seedlings lie on ground, then shoot branching stems, two chi high. Leaves resemble Thistle leaves, large, pointed tips. Margins curled/wrinkled, with astringent hairs. Tips bear silver-brown flowers. Taste: slightly bitter and astringent.
[For Famine Relief] Pick leaves, blanch and cook, soak in water and rinse clean. Season with oil and salt. [For Treating Diseases] See Materia Medica.
Xiaotao Hong Also known as Fengxianhua (Impatiens balsamina), Jiazhu Tao. Also known as Hai (pronounced 'na'). Common name Ranzhijiacao (Nail-dyeing Grass). Planted in gardens, found everywhere. Seedlings one chi high. Leaves narrow, fine serrations. Bear red flowers. Fruit resembles tiny peach, contains seeds like radish seeds. Easily disperses, commonly named Jixingzi (Acute Seed). Leaf taste: bitter, slightly astringent. Non-toxic.
[For Famine Relief] Pick seedling leaves, blanch and cook, soak overnight to make dish. Season with oil, salt, and vinegar. [For Treating Diseases] See Materia Medica.
Bajiao Cai Grows in Taihang Mountain wilds, Huixian. Seedlings one chi high. Stems very thin. Leaves resemble Peony leaves in size. Taste: sweet.
[For Famine Relief] Pick tender seedling leaves, blanch and cook, soak in water and rinse. Season with oil and salt. [For Treating Diseases] See Materia Medica.
Ditangcai Grows in Nanasha Gang, Zhengzhou. Seedlings one to two chi high. Leaves resemble Ditanghua leaves, very large. Resembles young Mustard leaves, narrow and pointed. Taste: sweet.
[For Famine Relief] Pick tender seedling leaves, blanch and cook. Season with oil and salt. [For Treating Diseases] See Materia Medica.
Jierchang Grows in fields of Zhongmu. Seedlings one to two chi high. Stems black-purple. Leaves resemble Mint leaves, tiny, sparse serrations. Resembles Liuyue Ju. Tips bear fine pale pink-purple flowers, yellow center. Leaf taste: slightly pungent.
[For Famine Relief] Pick leaves, blanch and cook, change water to remove pungency. Season with oil and salt. [For Treating Diseases] See Materia Medica.
Chegencai Grows in fields. Seedlings one chi high. Stems bright red. Leaves resemble Xiaotaohong leaves, narrower, green. Resembles small Willow leaves, short and dense. Leaves clustered around stems. Bear small pale green-white flowers. Bears seeds. Capsules resemble Tribulus seeds. Seedling taste: sweet.
[For Famine Relief] Pick seedling leaves, blanch and cook, soak in water and rinse clean. Season with oil and salt. [For Treating Diseases] See Materia Medica.
Cao Linglingxiang Also known as Yanxiang. Planted in gardens. Leaves resemble Alfalfa leaves, large, slightly pointed. Tips bear small pale pink-purple flowers, forming short spikes. Seeds small like millet. Seedling leaves taste slightly bitter. Nature: neutral.
[For Famine Relief] Pick seedling leaves, blanch and cook, soak in water and rinse clean. Season with oil and salt. [For Treating Diseases] See Materia Medica.
Lianghao Cai Also known as Ganju Ya. Grows in Mixian wilds. Leaves resemble Chrysanthemum leaves, slender and pointed. Tips bear many branches. Bear yellow flowers. Leaf taste: sweet.