切细面皆可食。采栝蒌穣煮粥食极甘。取子炒干捣烂，用水熬油用亦可。【治病】具见本草。
以上出《救荒》，茎可食。
菊花 一名日精，一名傅廷年，生雍州川泽及邓、衡、齐州田野，今处处有之味苦
甘性平无毒。白术、枸杞、桑根白皮为之使。
【救饥】取茎紫气香而味甘者，采叶炸食。或作羹皆可。青茎无大气味作蒿。苦者不堪食，
名苦薏。其花亦可炸食或炒茶食。【治病】具见本草。
金银花 本草名忍冬，亦名冬藤。归不载所出州土，今辉县山野中亦有之，其藤凌冬
不凋，故名忍冬草。附树而蔓延生，茎微紫色，对节生叶，叶似薜荔叶而青，又似水茶白，叶头
微圆而软，背颇涩，又似黑豆叶而大，开花五出微香，蒂带红色，花初开白色，经一二日则色黄，
故名金银花，本草中不言。善治痈疽发背，近代名人用之奇效。味甘性温无毒。
【救饥】采花炸熟，油盐调食。及采嫩叶换水煮熟，浸去邪味，淘净。以油盐调食之。【治
病】具见本草。
以上载本草。
望江南 其花名茶花儿，人家园圃中多种。苗高二尺许，茎微淡赤色，叶似槐叶而肥
大微尖，又似胡苍耳叶颇大，及似皂角叶亦大。开五片金黄化，结角长三寸许，其叶味微苦。
【救饥】采嫩苗叶煮熟，水浸淘去苦味，油盐调食。花可炒食，叶可炸食。【治病】具见本草。
大蓼 生密县梁家冲山谷中，拖藤而生，茎有线楞而颇硬，对节分生茎叉。巢亦对
生，叶似山蓼叶微短而拳曲，节间闭白花，其叶味微苦微辣。
【救饥】采叶炸熟，换水浸去辣味，作成黄色，淘洗净。油盐调食。花亦可炸食【治病】具见本草。
以上出《救荒》。
二本共四种，花叶皆可食。
荇丝菜 一名藕茺菜，水中拖蔓而生，叶似初生小荷叶，近茎有桠 ，叶浮水上。叶
中撺茎，上开金黄花，其茎味微甜酸无毒。
【救饥】采嫩茎炸熟，以油盐调食。【治病】具见本草。
水慈菰 俗呼为剪刀草，生水中其茎面 背方，皆有丝楞。其叶三角似剪刀形，叶中
撺生茎叉，梢间开三片白花黄心，结青 如青楮桃状颇小，根类葱根而粗大。其味微甜。
【救饥】采近根嫩笋茎炸热，油盐调食。【治病】具见本草。
以上出《救荒》，茎可食。
切细的面条都可以食用。采摘栝蒌瓤煮粥食用，味道极甜。取种子炒干捣烂，用水熬油使用也可以。【治病功效】详见《本草》。
以上出自《救荒》，茎可以食用。
菊花 又名日精，又名傅廷年，生长在雍州的川泽以及邓州、衡州、齐州的田野中，如今到处都有。味道苦甘，性质平和，无毒。白术、枸杞、桑根白皮作为它的引经药（使药）。
【救饥】选取茎呈紫色、气味芳香且味道甘甜的品种，采摘叶子焯水后食用。或者做成羹汤都可以。青茎没有大气味像蒿草一样的是苦薏，味道苦的不能食用。它的花也可以焯水食用或炒茶食用。【治病功效】详见《本草》。
金银花 《本草》名为忍冬，又名冬藤。《归不》未记载其出产的州土，如今辉县的山野中也有，它的藤蔓过冬不凋谢，所以名叫忍冬草。依附树木蔓延生长，茎微紫色，对节生叶，叶子像薜荔叶但颜色青翠，又像水茶白色，叶头微圆而柔软，背面颇涩，又比黑豆叶大。开花五瓣，微香，花蒂带红色，花初开时白色，经过一两天则变黄，所以名叫金银花，《本草》中未提及这一点。善于治疗痈疽发背，近代名人用它有奇效。味道甘甜，性质温和，无毒。
【救饥】采摘花朵焯熟，用油盐调味食用。以及采摘嫩叶换水煮熟，浸泡去除邪味，淘洗干净。用油盐调味食用。【治病功效】详见《本草》。
以上记载于《本草》。
望江南 它的花名叫茶花儿，人家园圃中多种植。苗高约二尺，茎微淡赤色，叶子像槐叶但肥大多尖，又像胡苍耳叶颇大，也似皂角叶同样大。开五片金黄色的花，结角长约三寸左右，它的叶子味道微苦。
【救饥】采摘嫩苗叶煮熟，用水浸泡淘去苦味，用油盐调味食用。花可以炒食，叶可以焯水食用。【治病功效】详见《本草》。
大蓼 生长在密县梁家冲山谷中，拖藤而生，茎有线棱而且颇硬，对节分生茎叉。巢（此处疑为“叶”之误或特定部位描述，依文意理解为叶）也对生，叶子像山蓼叶微短而拳曲，节间闭白花，它的叶子味道微苦微辣。
【救饥】采摘叶子焯熟，换水浸泡去除辣味，作成黄色，淘洗干净。用油盐调味食用。花也可以焯水食用。【治病功效】详见《本草》。
以上出自《救荒》。
以上两本共四种，花叶都可以食用。
荇丝菜 一名藕茺菜，在水中拖蔓而生，叶子像初生的小荷叶，靠近茎处有丫杈，叶子浮在水上。叶中穿插茎，上面开金黄色的花，它的茎味道微甜酸，无毒。
【救饥】采摘嫩茎焯熟，用油盐调味食用。【治病功效】详见《本草》。
水慈菰 俗呼为剪刀草，生长在水中，其茎面背方，都有丝棱。它的叶子三角形状像剪刀形，叶中穿插生茎叉，梢间开三片白花黄心，结青色果实如青楮桃状颇小，根类葱根而粗大。它的味道微甜。
【救饥】采摘近根的嫩笋茎炸热，用油盐调味食用。【治病功效】详见《本草》。
以上出自《救荒》，茎可以食用。
All noodles cut into thin strips are edible. The pulp of Trichosanthes kirilowii (Gualou) can be harvested to make porridge, which is extremely sweet. The seeds can be dried by stir-frying, crushed, and boiled in water to extract oil for use. [Therapeutic Effects] See Materia Medica for details.
The above is from *Jiu Huang* (Relief from Famine); the stems are edible.
Chrysanthemum (Juhua), also known as Ri Jing (Sun Essence) or Fu Ting Nian (Fu Ting Year), grows in the rivers, marshes, and fields of Yongzhou, Dengzhou, Hengzhou, and Qizhou, and is now found everywhere. It tastes bitter and sweet, has a neutral nature, and is non-toxic. Atractylodes macrocephala (Baizhu), Lycium chinense (Gouqi), and the white bark of Mulberry root (Sanggen Baipi) serve as its guiding herbs (Shi Yao).
[Relief from Famine] Select varieties with purple stems, aromatic odor, and sweet taste; harvest the leaves, blanch them, and eat. They can also be made into soup. Green stems that lack strong aroma and resemble mugwort are called Ku Yi (Bitter Mugwort); those with bitter taste are inedible. Its flowers can also be blanched or stir-fried as tea. [Therapeutic Effects] See Materia Medica for details.
Honeysuckle (Jinyinhua), named Rendong (Enduring Winter) or Dong Teng (Winter Vine) in Materia Medica. *Gui Bu* does not record its origin. It is now found in the mountains and wilds of Huixian. Its vines do not wither in winter, hence the name Rendong Cao. It climbs trees and spreads; the stems are slightly purple, with opposite leaves. The leaves resemble those of Fig-leaf Ficus (Bili) but are greener, or like Water Tea leaves which are whitish. The leaf tips are slightly round and soft, and the back is quite rough. They are larger than Soybean leaves. The flowers have five petals, are slightly fragrant, have red calyxes, are white when first blooming, and turn yellow after one or two days, hence the name Jinyinhua (Gold-Silver Flower), a fact not mentioned in Materia Medica. It is excellent for treating carbuncles and back sores; modern famous physicians have used it with miraculous effects. It tastes sweet, has a warm nature, and is non-toxic.
[Relief from Famine] Harvest the flowers, blanch until cooked, and season with salt and oil. Also, harvest tender leaves, change the water, boil until cooked, soak to remove off-flavors, and rinse clean. Season with salt and oil. [Therapeutic Effects] See Materia Medica for details.
The above is recorded in Materia Medica.
Cassia occidentalis (Wangjiangnan), whose flower is called Cha Hua Er (Tea Flower), is widely planted in household gardens. The seedlings are about two chi tall. The stems are slightly pale reddish. The leaves resemble Locust tree leaves but are fatter and slightly pointed, or like large Xucang'er leaves, or similarly large Saponaria officinalis-like leaves. It blooms with five golden-yellow petals and produces pods about three cun long. Its leaves taste slightly bitter.
[Relief from Famine] Harvest tender shoots and leaves, boil until cooked, soak in water to wash away bitterness, and season with salt and oil. Flowers can be stir-fried; leaves can be blanched. [Therapeutic Effects] See Materia Medica for details.
Polygonum aviculare (Daliao) grows in the valleys of Liangjiachong, Mixian. It grows by trailing vines. The stems have linear ridges and are quite hard. Branches grow oppositely at nodes. Leaves (or "Nest" as per text, likely meaning leaves/bracts) also grow oppositely. The leaves resemble Polygonum sibiricum (Shanliao) leaves but are shorter and curled. White flowers close at the nodes. The leaves taste slightly bitter and spicy.
[Relief from Famine] Harvest leaves, blanch until cooked, change water, soak to remove spiciness, turn yellow, and rinse clean. Season with salt and oil. Flowers can also be blanched. [Therapeutic Effects] See Materia Medica for details.
The above is from *Jiu Huang*.
The above two books cover four types in total; both flowers and leaves are edible.
Nymphoides peltata (Xingsi Cai), also known as Ou Chong Cai, grows by trailing vines in water. The leaves resemble newly emerged small lotus leaves, with branches near the stem, floating on the water surface. Stems emerge through the leaves, blooming with golden-yellow flowers above. The stems taste slightly sweet and sour and are non-toxic.
[Relief from Famine] Harvest tender stems, blanch until cooked, and season with salt and oil. [Therapeutic Effects] See Materia Medica for details.
Sagittaria sagittifolia (Shuiziguo), commonly called Jiandao Cao (Scissor Grass), grows in water. Its stems are square on both front and back surfaces, with fibrous ridges. The leaves are triangular, resembling scissors. Stem branches grow oppositely within the leaves. Three white flowers with yellow centers bloom at the tips. It produces green fruits resembling small green Ziziphus jujuba fruits. The roots resemble scallion roots but are thicker and larger. The taste is slightly sweet.
[Relief from Famine] Harvest tender shoot stems near the roots, fry until hot, and season with salt and oil. [Therapeutic Effects] See Materia Medica for details.
The above is from *Jiu Huang*; the stems are edible.