达菜 所在有之，人家园圃中多种。苗叶就地生，叶类白菜叶而短，叶茎亦窄，叶
稍圆，形状似糜匙样。味咸其性平，微寒微毒。
【救饥】采苗叶炸熟，以水浸洗净。油盐调食，不可多食。破腹。【治病】具见本草。
芸薹菜 今处处有之。叶似菠菜，叶下两旁多两叉。开黄花，结角似蔓菁角，有子如
小芥子大。味辛性温无毒。经冬寒其根不死，辟蠹（音渡）。
【救饥】采苗叶炸熟，水浸淘净，以油盐调食。【治病】具见本草。
莴苣菜 生密县山野间。苗叶就地生，叶似莴苣叶而小，又似苦苣叶而却宽大。叶脚
花叉颇少，叶头微尖，边有细锯齿。叶间撺葶，开淡黄花。其苗叶味微苦。
【救饥】采苗叶炸熟，水浸淘去苦味。油盐调食，生采亦可食。【治病】具见本草。
山苦 生新郑县山野中。苗高二尺余，茎似高苣葶而节稠，其叶甚，花有三五尖，
又似花苦苣菜甚大，开淡棠褐花，表微红，味苦。
【救饥】采嫩苗叶炸熟，水淘去苦味，以油盐调食。【治病】具见本草。
苋菜 本草有苋实，一名马苋。幽蓟间讹呼为人杏菜。生淮扬川泽及田野中，今处
处有之。苗高一二尺，茎有绿楞，叶如小蓝叶大，有赤白二色。家者茂盛而大，野者细小叶薄。
味甘性寒无毒。不可与鳖肉同食，生鳖瘕。
【救饥】采嫩叶炸熟，水淘洗净，以油盐调食之。若晒干炸食尤佳，无毒。【治病】具见本草。
冬葵菜 本草冬葵子，是秋种葵覆养，经冬至春结子，故谓之冬葵子。生少室山野，
今处处有之。苗高二三尺，茎及花叶似蜀葵而差小。子及根俱味甘，性寒无毒。黄芩为之使，根
解蜀椒毒。叶味甘，性滑利，为百菜主，其心伤人，微毒。
【救饥】采叶炸熟，水浸淘洗净，油盐调食，服丹石人尤宜食。天行病后食之，顿丧明，
热食亦令人热闷动风。【治病】具见本草。
水芹菜 俗作芹菜，一名水英。出南海池泽，今水边多有之。根茎就地二三寸，分生
茎叉。其茎方，凹面四楞，对生叶似痢苋菜叶而阔短，边有大锯齿，又似薄荷叶而短。开白花似
蛇床子花。味甘性平无毒。又云大寒。春秋二时龙带精入芹菜中，人过食之作蛟龙病。
【救饥】发英时采之炸熟食。芹有二种∶秋芹取根白色，赤芹取茎叶并堪食。又有渣（音粗）
芹，可为生菜食之。【治病】具见本草。
香菜 生伊芳洛间，人家园圃种之。苗高一尺许，茎方凹面四棱，茎色紫稔，叶似薄
荷叶微小，边有细锯齿，亦有细毛，梢头开花，作紫花淡藕褐色。其味辛香，性温。
【救饥】采嫩苗叶炸熟，油盐调食。【治病】具见本草。
黄芽菜 生密县山谷中。苗初就地生，叶似初生山莴苣叶而小，叶脚边微有花叉。又
似孛孛丁叶而头颇圆，茎中撺生葶叉，高五六寸许。开小黄花，结小细子，黄茶褐色。叶味甘。
【救饥】采苗叶炸熟，换水淘净，以油盐调食。【治病】具见本草。
水芥菜 水边多生，苗高尺许，叶似家芥菜叶极小，色微淡绿，叶多花叉亦细。开小
黄花，结小子角儿。其叶味微辛，无毒。
【救饥】采苗叶炸熟，水浸去辣味，淘洗净。以油盐调食。【治病】具见本草。
山白菜 生辉县山野中，苗叶颇似家白菜而叶茎细长，其叶尖FS 边有锯齿叉。又似
达菜叶而尖瘦亦小。味甘微苦。
【救饥】采苗叶炸熟，换水淘。油盐调食。【治病】具见本草。
野韭 生荒野中，形苗状如韭苗，叶极细弱。叶圆比紫韭又细，叶中撺葶，开小粉
紫花，似韭花状。苗叶味辛。
【救饥】采苗叶炸熟，油盐调食，生而食亦可。【治病】具见本草。
山葱 一名隔葱，又名鹿耳葱。生辉县太行山山野中。叶似玉簪叶微圆，叶中撺（七
官切）葶，葶似蒜葶甚长而涩，梢头结 ，似葱 微小，开白花，结子黑色。味苦辣。
【救饥】采苗叶炸熟，油盐调食。生腌食亦可。【治病】具见本草。
薤韭 一名石韭，生辉县山野中。叶似蒜叶颇窄。又似肥韭叶微阔，花似韭花颇大。
根似韭根甚大。其味辣，可食。
【救饥】采苗叶炸熟，油盐调食，生亦可食。冬寒之月采取根炸熟可食。【治病】具见本草。
银丝菜 所在人家园圃多种。苗叶皆似莴苣细长，色颇青白，撺葶高二尺许。关四瓣
淡黄花，结蒴似荞麦蒴而圆，中有子如油子大，淡黄色。其叶味微苦，其性凉。
【救饥】采嫩叶炸熟，水浸淘净，油盐调食，生揉亦可食。【治病】具见本草。
泽蒜 又名小蒜，生田野中，今处处有之。生山中者名 （力的切），苗似细韭叶，
中心撺葶，开淡粉紫花，根似蒜而甚小。味甘性温，有小毒。又云热有毒。
【救饥】采苗根作羹，或生腌，或炸熟，以油盐调食亦可。【治病】具见本草。
**达菜**
各地都有，人们常在园圃中种植。幼苗和叶子贴地生长，叶片形状像白菜叶但较短，叶柄也窄，叶片稍圆，形状类似汤匙。味道咸，性质平和，略带寒性，有轻微毒性。
【救饥】采摘苗叶炸熟后，用水浸泡洗净。用油和盐调味食用，不可多吃。吃多会损伤腹部（破腹）。【治病】详细功效见《本草》著作。
**芸薹菜**
如今到处都有。叶子像菠菜，叶子下面两旁多出两个分叉。开黄花，结的角果像芜菁的角果，种子像小芥子那么大。味道辛，性质温，无毒。经过冬天严寒，其根不会死亡，能防蛀虫（辟蠹，音渡）。
【救饥】采摘苗叶炸熟，用水浸泡淘洗干净，用油和盐调味食用。【治病】详细功效见《本草》著作。
**莴苣菜**
生长在密县的山野间。幼苗和叶子贴地生长，叶子像莴苣叶但较小，又像苦苣叶却更宽大。叶基部分叉很少，叶尖微尖，边缘有细锯齿。叶丛中抽出花茎，开淡黄花。其苗叶味道微苦。
【救饥】采摘苗叶炸熟，用水浸泡淘去苦味。用油和盐调味食用，生采也可以吃。【治病】详细功效见《本草》著作。
**山苦**
生长在新郑县的山野中。苗高二尺多，茎像高苣的花茎但节更密集，叶子很多，花有三五个尖端，又像很大的花苦苣菜，开淡棠褐色花，表面微红，味道苦。
【救饥】采摘嫩苗叶炸熟，用水淘去苦味，用油和盐调味食用。【治病】详细功效见《本草》著作。
**苋菜**
《本草》中有苋实，又名马苋。在幽州、蓟州一带被误称为人杏菜。生长在淮扬地区的沼泽及田野中，如今到处都有。苗高一二尺，茎有绿色的棱，叶子像小蓝菜叶大小，有赤、白两种颜色。家种的茂盛且大，野生的细小且叶薄。
味道甘甜，性质寒，无毒。不可与鳖肉同食，否则会产生生鳖瘕（一种因饮食不当形成的积聚病证）。
【救饥】采摘嫩叶炸熟，用水淘洗干净，用油和盐调味食用。如果晒干后炸着吃尤其好，无毒。【治病】详细功效见《本草》著作。
**冬葵菜**
《本草》中的冬葵子，是秋天播种覆盖养护，经历冬至春才结籽，所以叫冬葵子。生长在少室山野，如今到处都有。苗高二三尺，茎及花叶像蜀葵但稍小。种子和根部都味道甘甜，性质寒，无毒。黄芩作为它的引经药（为之使），根能解蜀椒毒。叶子味道甘甜，性质滑利，是百菜之主，但其中心部分伤人，有轻微毒性。
【救饥】采摘叶子炸熟，用水浸泡淘洗干净，用油和盐调味食用，服用丹石类药物的人尤其适宜吃。患天行病（流行性疾病）后吃它，会导致突然失明，吃热的也会让人热闷动风。【治病】详细功效见《本草》著作。
**水芹菜**
俗名芹菜，一名水英。出产于南海的池塘沼泽，如今水边多有生长。根茎贴地二三寸，分生出茎叉。其茎方形，凹面有四条棱，对生的叶子像痢苋菜叶但宽阔短小，边缘有大锯齿，又像薄荷叶但较短。开白花像蛇床子花。味道甘甜，性质平和，无毒。又有人说它大寒。春秋两季，龙携带的精气进入芹菜中，人过量食用会患上蛟龙病。
【救饥】抽苔时采摘炸熟食用。芹有两种：秋芹取白色的根，赤芹取茎叶都可以吃。还有渣（音粗）芹，可以作为生菜食用。【治病】详细功效见《本草》著作。
**香菜**
生长在伊水、洛水之间，人们在园圃中种植。苗高一尺左右，茎方形，凹面四棱，茎色紫红，叶子像薄荷叶但微小，边缘有细锯齿，也有细毛，梢头开花，开紫花带淡藕褐色。味道辛香，性质温。
【救饥】采摘嫩苗叶炸熟，用油和盐调味食用。【治病】详细功效见《本草》著作。
**黄芽菜**
生长在密县山谷中。幼苗初时贴地生长，叶子像初生的山莴苣叶但较小，叶基边缘微有分叉。又像孛孛丁（一种蔬菜）的叶子但头部颇圆，茎中间抽出花茎分叉，高五六寸左右。开小黄花，结细小的子，呈黄茶褐色。叶子味道甘甜。
【救饥】采摘苗叶炸熟，换水淘净，用油和盐调味食用。【治病】详细功效见《本草》著作。
**水芥菜**
水边多生长，苗高一尺左右，叶子像家芥菜叶极小，颜色微淡绿，叶子分叉也多且细。开小黄花，结小的角果。叶子味道微辛，无毒。
【救饥】采摘苗叶炸熟，用水浸泡去掉辣味，淘洗干净。用油和盐调味食用。【治病】详细功效见《本草》著作。
**山白菜**
生辉县的山野中，苗叶很像家白菜但叶茎细长，叶子尖端边缘有锯齿分叉。又像达菜叶但尖瘦且小。味道甘甜微苦。
【救饥】采摘苗叶炸熟，换水淘洗。用油和盐调味食用。【治病】详细功效见《本草》著作。
**野韭**
生长在荒野中，形态像韭菜苗，叶子极细弱。叶子圆比紫韭又细，叶中抽出花茎，开小粉紫色花，像韭菜花的形状。苗叶味道辛。
【救饥】采摘苗叶炸熟，用油和盐调味食用，生吃也可以。【治病】详细功效见《本草》著作。
**山葱**
一名隔葱，又名鹿耳葱。生辉县太行山山野中。叶子像玉簪叶微圆，叶中抽出（七官切）花茎，花茎像蒜茎很长且涩，梢头结出的果实像葱实但微小，开白花，结黑色种子。味道苦辣。
【救饥】采摘苗叶炸熟，用油和盐调味食用。生腌着吃也可以。【治病】详细功效见《本草》著作。
**薤韭**
一名石韭，生辉县山野中。叶子像蒜叶颇窄。又像肥韭叶微宽，花像韭花颇大。根像韭根很大。味道辣，可以吃。
【救饥】采摘苗叶炸熟，用油和盐调味食用，生吃也可以。冬季寒冷月份采取根炸熟可吃。【治病】详细功效见《本草》著作。
**银丝菜**
各地人家园圃中多种植。苗叶都像莴苣一样细长，颜色颇青白，抽出花茎高二尺左右。开四瓣淡黄花，结的蒴果像荞麦蒴果而圆，里面有种子像油子大，淡黄色。叶子味道微苦，性质凉。
【救饥】采摘嫩叶炸熟，用水浸泡淘净，用油和盐调味食用，生揉也可以吃。【治病】详细功效见《本草》著作。
**泽蒜**
又名小蒜，生长在田野中，如今到处都有。生长在山中的名叫（力的切），苗像细韭叶，中心抽出花茎，开淡粉紫色花，根像蒜但很小。味道甘甜，性质温，有小毒。又有人说热且有毒素。
【救饥】采摘苗根做羹汤，或生腌，或炸熟，用油和盐调味食用也可以。【治病】详细功效见《本草》著作。
**Dacai (Da Vegetable)**
It is found everywhere and commonly planted in household gardens. The seedlings and leaves grow close to the ground; the leaves resemble those of Chinese cabbage but are shorter, with narrow leaf stalks and slightly rounder blades, resembling a spoon in shape. It tastes salty, has a neutral nature, is slightly cold, and possesses slight toxicity.
[For Famine Relief] Harvest the seedlings and leaves, blanch them, soak in water, and wash clean. Season with oil and salt for consumption; do not eat in excess, as it may damage the abdomen. [For Treating Diseases] Refer to Materia Medica texts for details.
**Yuntai Cai (Rapeseed/Bok Choy variant)**
It is now available everywhere. The leaves resemble spinach, with two additional forks branching from both sides beneath the leaves. It bears yellow flowers and pods similar to turnip pods, containing seeds as small as mustard seeds. It tastes pungent, has a warm nature, and is non-toxic. Its roots survive the winter cold and can repel insects (Bi Du).
[For Famine Relief] Harvest the seedlings and leaves, blanch them, soak in water, rinse clean, and season with oil and salt. [For Treating Diseases] Refer to Materia Medica texts for details.
**Wojú Cai (Lettuce/Wosun variant)**
Grows in the mountains and wild areas of Mixian County. The seedlings and leaves grow close to the ground; the leaves resemble lettuce but are smaller, or resemble bitter chicory but are broader. The leaf base has few branches, the tip is slightly pointed, and the edges have fine serrations. Flower stalks emerge between the leaves, bearing pale yellow flowers. The seedlings and leaves taste slightly bitter.
[For Famine Relief] Harvest the seedlings and leaves, blanch them, soak in water to remove bitterness, and season with oil and salt. They can also be eaten raw. [For Treating Diseases] Refer to Materia Medica texts for details.
**Shanku (Mountain Bitterness)**
Grows in the mountains and wild areas of Xinzheng County. The seedlings are over two chi tall; the stem resembles that of tall chicory but with denser nodes. The leaves are abundant, and the flowers have three to five pointed tips, resembling large flowering chicory. It bears pale tan-brown flowers with a reddish surface and tastes bitter.
[For Famine Relief] Harvest young seedlings and leaves, blanch them, rinse in water to remove bitterness, and season with oil and salt. [For Treating Diseases] Refer to Materia Medica texts for details.
**Xiancai (Amaranth)**
Materia Medica mentions Xianshi, also known as Maxian. In You and Ji regions, it is erroneously called Renxing Cai. It grows in marshes and fields of Huaiyang and is now ubiquitous. Seedlings are one to two chi tall, with green ridges on the stems. Leaves are the size of small Isatis leaves, coming in red and white varieties. Cultivated ones are lush and large; wild ones are small and thin. It tastes sweet, has a cold nature, and is non-toxic. Do not consume with softshell turtle meat, as it may cause Sheng Bajia (accumulation due to undigested turtle).
[For Famine Relief] Harvest tender leaves, blanch them, rinse clean, and season with oil and salt. Dried and fried leaves are especially good and non-toxic. [For Treating Diseases] Refer to Materia Medica texts for details.
**Dongkui Cai (Winter Okra/Hollyhock variant)**
The Dongkuizi mentioned in Materia Medica refers to hollyhock sown in autumn, covered and nurtured through winter to spring to produce seeds, hence named Dongkuizi. It grows in the wilds of Shaoshi Mountain and is now ubiquitous. Seedlings are two to three chi tall; stems, flowers, and leaves resemble Malva verticillata but are smaller. Seeds and roots taste sweet, have a cold nature, and are non-toxic. Scutellariae Radix (Huangqin) acts as its guide drug; the root detoxifies Sichuan pepper poison. Leaves taste sweet, have a slippery/laxative nature, and are considered the chief of vegetables, but their heart harms humans and has slight toxicity.
[For Famine Relief] Harvest leaves, blanch them, soak and rinse clean, and season with oil and salt. It is particularly suitable for those taking Dan Shi (mineral pills). Consuming it after an epidemic disease may cause sudden blindness; eating it hot may cause heat, oppression, and wind agitation. [For Treating Diseases] Refer to Materia Medica texts for details.
**Shuiqincai (Water Celery)**
Commonly known as Qincai, also called Shuiying. Originates from ponds and marshes in Nanhai and is now common near water bodies. Roots and stems grow 2-3 cun close to the ground, branching out. Stems are square with four concave ridges. Opposite leaves resemble Dysentery Amaranth leaves but are wider and shorter, with large serrations, and look like mint leaves but shorter. It bears white flowers resembling Cnidii Fructus (Shechuangzi). It tastes sweet, has a neutral nature, and is non-toxic. Some say it is very cold. In spring and autumn, dragon essence enters the celery; excessive consumption may cause Jiaolong Bing (Dragon Disease).
[For Famine Relief] Harvest when flowering and blanch before eating. There are two types: Autumn Qincai uses white roots; Red Qincai uses stems and leaves. There is also Zha Qincai, which can be eaten as a raw salad. [For Treating Diseases] Refer to Materia Medica texts for details.
**Xiangcai (Coriander/Cilantro)**
Grows between the Yi and Luo rivers and is planted in household gardens. Seedlings are about one chi tall; stems are square with four concave ridges and purple-red color. Leaves resemble thin lotus leaves but are tiny, with fine serrations and hairs. Flowers appear at the tips, being purple with pale lotus-brown hues. It tastes pungent and aromatic, with a warm nature.
[For Famine Relief] Harvest young seedlings and leaves, blanch, and season with oil and salt. [For Treating Diseases] Refer to Materia Medica texts for details.
**Huangya Cai (Yellow Sprout Vegetable)**
Grows in the valleys of Mixian County. Initially, seedlings grow close to the ground; leaves resemble young mountain lettuce but are smaller, with slightly forked bases. They resemble Boboding leaves but are rounder at the top. Flower stalks branch from the stem, reaching 5-6 cun high. It bears small yellow flowers and small brownish-yellow seeds. Leaves taste sweet.
[For Famine Relief] Harvest seedlings and leaves, blanch, change water to rinse clean, and season with oil and salt. [For Treating Diseases] Refer to Materia Medica texts for details.
**Shuijie Cai (Water Mustard)**
Grows abundantly by water. Seedlings are about one chi tall. Leaves are extremely small, resembling home-grown mustard leaves, pale green, with many fine branches. It bears small yellow flowers and small pods. Leaves taste slightly pungent and are non-toxic.
[For Famine Relief] Harvest seedlings and leaves, blanch, soak in water to remove spiciness, rinse clean, and season with oil and salt. [For Treating Diseases] Refer to Materia Medica texts for details.
**Shanbaicai (Mountain Cabbage)**
Grows in the mountains of Hui County. Seedlings and leaves resemble home cabbage but have long, slender leaves and stems. Leaf tips have serrated forks. They resemble Dacai leaves but are sharper, thinner, and smaller. Taste is sweet and slightly bitter.
[For Famine Relief] Harvest seedlings and leaves, blanch, change water to rinse, and season with oil and salt. [For Treating Diseases] Refer to Materia Medica texts for details.
**Yejiu (Wild Leek)**
Grows in wilderness. Shape resembles leek seedlings, with extremely thin and weak leaves. Leaves are rounder and finer than Purple Leek. Flower stalks emerge from leaves, bearing small pink-purple flowers resembling leek flowers. Seedlings and leaves taste pungent.
[For Famine Relief] Harvest seedlings and leaves, blanch, and season with oil and salt. Can also be eaten raw. [For Treating Diseases] Refer to Materia Medica texts for details.
**Shancong (Mountain Scallion)**
Also known as Gecong or Lu'er Cong. Grows in the Taihang Mountains of Hui County. Leaves resemble Hosta leaves but are slightly rounder. Flower stalks emerge from leaves, resembling garlic scapes but longer and astringent. Tips bear fruits resembling scallion bulbs but tiny. Bears white flowers and black seeds. Taste is pungent and bitter.
[For Famine Relief] Harvest seedlings and leaves, blanch, and season with oil and salt. Can also be pickled raw. [For Treating Diseases] Refer to Materia Medica texts for details.
**Xiejiu (Allium Macrostemon variant)**
Also known as Shijiu. Grows in the mountains of Hui County. Leaves are narrower than garlic leaves but wider than fat leek leaves. Flowers are larger than leek flowers. Roots are larger than leek roots. Taste is spicy and edible.
[For Famine Relief] Harvest seedlings and leaves, blanch, and season with oil and salt. Can be eaten raw. In deep winter, harvest roots, blanch, and eat. [For Treating Diseases] Refer to Materia Medica texts for details.
**Yinsicai (Silver Thread Vegetable)**
Commonly planted in household gardens. Seedlings and leaves resemble long, slender lettuce, appearing blue-white. Flower stalks reach about two chi. Bears four-petaled pale yellow flowers. Pods resemble buckwheat pods but are rounder, containing seeds the size of oil seeds, pale yellow. Leaves taste slightly bitter and have a cool nature.
[For Famine Relief] Harvest tender leaves, blanch, soak and rinse clean, and season with oil and salt. Can also be eaten raw after kneading. [For Treating Diseases] Refer to Materia Medica texts for details.
**Zesuan (Marsh Garlic)**
Also known as Xiaosuan. Grows in fields and is now ubiquitous. Those growing in mountains are called Li. Seedlings resemble fine leek leaves. Flower stalks emerge from the center, bearing pale pink-purple flowers. Roots resemble garlic but are very small. Taste is sweet, nature is warm, with slight toxicity. Some say it is hot and toxic.
[For Famine Relief] Harvest seedlings and roots to make soup, pickle raw, or blanch and season with oil and salt. [For Treating Diseases] Refer to Materia Medica texts for details.