典藏书目

The *Huangdi Neijing* (Yellow Emperor's Inner Canon) states: "If one is injured by cold in winter, one will inevitably suffer from warm diseases in spring." It also states: "If one fails to store essence properly in winter, one will inevitably suffer from warm diseases in spring." This discusses the fundamental origin of heat-type warm diseases.

The *Shanghan Lun* (Treatise on Cold Damage) states: "In Taiyang disease (a syndrome caused by pathogenic invasion of the Taiyang channel), if there is fever and thirst without aversion to cold, it is called a warm disease. If after inducing sweating, the body becomes burning hot, it is called Fengwen (Wind-Warmth). In Fengwen disease, the pulse is floating at all three positions (cun, guan, chi); there is spontaneous sweating; the body feels heavy; there is excessive sleepiness; breathing is necessarily accompanied by snoring; and speech is difficult. If purgation is mistakenly applied, it leads to difficulty in urination, staring gaze, and loss of control over urination and defecation. If fire therapy is mistakenly applied, mild cases result in slight yellowing of the face, while severe cases resemble convulsive epilepsy with occasional spasms, resembling being smoked by fire. One error may prolong the illness for days, but a second error will hasten death. This discusses the general trend of warm diseases.

Since Wang Shuhe discussed four variations of warm diseases—Fengwen (Wind-Warmth), Wen Nue (Warm Malaria), Wendu (Warm Toxin), and Wenyi (Warm Epidemic)—in his commentary, the underlying principle has become obscure. Essentially, contracting wind in winter and manifesting in spring is Fengwen; contracting cold in winter and manifesting in spring is a warm disease; the logic is the same. Observing that Zhang Zhongjing added the character 'wind' to 'warm,' he precisely distinguished it from injuries caused by cold. After sweating, the body becomes burning hot; the pulse is floating at all three positions; the body is heavy; there is excessive sleepiness; snoring occurs during breathing; and speech is difficult. These symptoms fully reveal the cause as wind injury. Therefore, treatment should no longer follow the methods for cold damage within warm diseases. Thus, warm disease involves qi stagnation and obstruction, moving from interior to exterior, and cannot be treated with diaphoretic (sweating) methods. Fengwen involves deficiency of Wei Qi (Defensive Qi) leading to spontaneous sweating, making diaphoretic methods even more contraindicated. Mistaken purgation causes exterior pathogens to sink inward; mistaken fire therapy assists external warm qi. Both accelerate death. Later generations failed to realize that although only discussions were provided without formulas, comprehensive treatment methods are fully contained within the syndromes of wind injury and cold damage, relying on later practitioners to apply them flexibly according to seasonal conditions. Wang Shuhe did not investigate the subtle applications, claiming that Fengwen is merely a variation of warm disease. He failed to see Zhang Zhongjing's unique insight: in individuals who fail to store essence in winter, wind arises subtly between the two kidneys; when summoned by warm winds, the disease manifests in spring. Fengwen within warm diseases is analogous to wind injury within winter cold syndromes. Yu Jiayan of later generations correctly identified errors regarding double contraction and secondary changes, showing profound insight. However, his claim that warm disease originates in the Taiyang channel and Fengwen invades the Shaoyin channel is a grave error. If Fengwen truly invaded the Shaoyang channel, purgation would certainly lead to death, and fumigation would provide only slight relief. How could initial symptoms present with fever and a floating pulse, where mistaken purgation results only in urinary difficulty, and mistaken fire therapy constitutes one then a second error?

Regarding Warm Malaria (Wen Nue): because essence was not stored in winter, the pathogen is initially light and shallow, resulting only in malaria, with chills and fever alternating intermittently. It is not a standard exogenous disease. The *Neijing* states: "Warm malaria results from wind injury in winter; cold qi hides in the bone marrow. In spring, when Yang qi expands greatly, the pathogen cannot exit spontaneously. If encountering intense summer heat, brain marrow is scorched, muscles waste away, pores open and sweat is released, or due to physical exertion, the pathogen exits with the sweat. This disease resides in the Kidney, and its qi moves from the interior to the exterior first, hence named Warm Malaria." This shows that Warm Malaria occurs because essence was not stored in winter, allowing wind-cold to enter the Kidneys. Furthermore, Warm Malaria does not easily manifest even in warmth; it requires intense summer heat and profuse sweating to erupt. Wang Shuhe based his theory on double contraction by cold; did he not read the *Neijing*?

As for Warm Toxin (Wendu): it arises from prolonged unresolved illness with intense heat pathogens. It is also a type of warm disease. The presence of Warm Toxin in warm syndromes is like the presence of Yang Toxin and Yin Toxin in cold damage. Zhang Zhongjing did not list cold toxin in cold damage as a separate syndrome; why should Wang Shuhe create a new name for warm toxin in warm diseases? Similarly, Warm Epidemic (Wenyi) results from contracting a specific pathogenic qi due to current seasonal conditions. It adds temporal and epidemic characteristics to warm disease, distinguishing it from ordinary warm syndromes. Detailed differentiation can be found in Yu’s *Wenyi Lun* (Treatise on Warm Epidemics).