赵养葵《五行论》曰∶“世人皆曰金生水，而予独曰水生金。夫肺出气也，肾纳气也。凡气从脐下逆奔而上者，此肾
虚不能纳气归元也，毋徒从事于肺，或壮水之主，益火之源，肺向水中生矣”。烈按∶水生金，乃金生水之对面也，世人
但知其一面，而不知又有彼一面，凡此之类，自在人善悟之耳。
《素问·通评虚实论》曰∶“帝曰∶肠 便血何如？岐伯曰∶身热则死，寒则生。”吴鹤皋注云∶“身热则血败，而孤
阳独存，故死。”烈按∶肠 便血之身热有三∶一则表邪下陷于阳明，药中加葛根，胃气得升即愈；一则阴盛格阳，虽为
危候，亦有用温药而得生者；惟阴气已竭之身热，于法不治。吴鹤皋但注得孤阳独存，可知阳陷与格阳不在此例也，苟
使泥于吴注，几疑此症惟有孤阳独存矣，并疑凡身热者皆死矣。故曰读书须识正旨。
李念莪《肿胀论》引《内经》实胀四条，虚胀二条，寒胀三条，热胀一条，又五运六气各有肿胀。然有提其纲者，
曰，“诸湿肿满，皆属于脾。”又曰∶“其本在肾，其末在肺，皆聚水也。”又曰∶“肾者胃之关也，关门不利，故聚水而从
其类也。”可见诸经皆有肿胀，无不由于脾肺肾三者。烈按∶今医之各有所偏者，因看书时不能参考异同，以致囿于一说，
遂为成见。张路玉《医通》凡例曰∶“从古立言，止就一端而论”，诚哉是言也，故引此以为读书必须汇参之法。
赵养葵在《五行论》中说：“世人都说金生水，而我唯独认为水生金。肺主呼气，肾主纳气。凡是气从脐下逆冲而上行的，这是肾虚不能纳气归元所致，不要只着眼于治肺，应当壮水之主（滋补肾阴），益火之源（温补肾阳），这样肺就能在水中生成（即金生水）了。”唐大烈按语道：水生金，是金生水的对面说法，世人只知道其中一面，而不知道还有另一面，像这类情况，全在于人善于领悟罢了。
《素问·通评虚实论》中说：“黄帝问：大便下血怎么样？岐伯答：身体发热则死，不发热则生。”吴鹤皋注释说：“身体发热说明血液败坏，孤阳独存，所以死亡。”唐大烈按语道：肠澼便血伴随身热的情况有三种：一种是表邪陷入阳明经，用药中加入葛根，胃气得以升发即可痊愈；一种是阴盛格阳，虽然属于危重证候，也有使用温药而获救的；只有阴气已经竭尽的身热，按照医理是无法治疗的。吴鹤皋只注出了孤阳独存这一种情况，可知阳气下陷与阴盛格阳不属于此例，如果拘泥于吴氏的注释，几乎会让人怀疑这种病症只有孤阳独存一种情况，甚至怀疑凡是身热的都会死亡。所以说读书必须认识正旨（核心要义）。
李念莪在《肿胀论》中引用《内经》关于实胀四条、虚胀二条、寒胀三条、热胀一条，以及五运六气各有导致肿胀的情况。然而其中有提纲挈领的说法，如‘各种湿肿胀满，都归属于脾’；又说‘病本在肾，病标在肺，都是水液积聚’；还说‘肾是胃的关口，关门不利，所以水液积聚并随其同类泛滥’。由此可见，各经都有肿胀，无不由于脾、肺、肾三者引起。唐大烈按语道：当今医生各自有所偏颇，是因为看书时不能参考比较异同，以致局限于一种说法，从而形成成见。张路玉在《医通》凡例中说：‘古人立言，只是就一个方面来论述’，这话确实正确，所以引用这段话作为读书必须汇参（综合参考）的方法。
Zhao Yangkui, in *Wuxing Lun* (Treatise on the Five Elements), stated: "The world says that Metal generates Water, but I alone say that Water generates Metal. The Lung exhales Qi, and the Kidney receives Qi. Whenever Qi rebels and rushes upward from below the navel, this is due to Kidney deficiency failing to receive and return Qi to its origin. One should not merely focus on treating the Lung; rather, one should strengthen the master of Water (nourish Kidney Yin) and benefit the source of Fire (warm Kidney Yang), so that Metal will be generated within Water." Tang Dalei added: "Water generating Metal is the opposite perspective of Metal generating Water. The world knows only one side of this relationship and ignores the other. Such matters depend entirely on one's ability to comprehend deeply."
*Suzhen* (Plain Questions) · *Tongping Xushi Lun* (Treatise on Excess and Deficiency in General Evaluation) states: "The Yellow Emperor asked: What about hematochezia? Qibo replied: If the body is hot, death ensues; if the body is cold, life is preserved." Wu Hegao commented: "Body heat indicates blood corruption and the solitary existence of Yang, hence death." Tang Dalei added: "In cases of intestinal dysentery with hematochezia accompanied by body heat, there are three scenarios: First, when exterior pathogens sink into the Yangming channel, adding Ge Gen (Puerariae Radix) allows Stomach Qi to ascend, leading to recovery. Second, when Yin excess repels Yang, although it is a critical condition, survival is possible using warming herbs. Third, body heat resulting from the exhaustion of Yin Qi is incurable according to medical principles. Wu Hegao only noted the solitary existence of Yang; thus, Yang sinking and Yin repelling Yang do not fall under this specific category. If one rigidly adheres to Wu's commentary, one might mistakenly believe that such cases involve only solitary Yang, or even that all body heat leads to death. Therefore, it is said that reading requires grasping the core essence."
Li Nian'e, in *Zhanghong Lun* (Treatise on Distension and Swelling), cited four types of excess distension, two types of deficiency distension, three types of cold distension, and one type of heat distension from *Neijing*, as well as various swellings caused by the Six Qi and Five Movements. However, there are summarizing statements such as: 'All dampness, swelling, and fullness belong to the Spleen'; 'The root is in the Kidney, the branch is in the Lung, all are accumulations of water'; and 'The Kidney is the gate of the Stomach; if the gate is not functional, water accumulates and spreads according to its kind.' This shows that swellings can occur in all meridians, none of which do not stem from the Spleen, Lung, and Kidney. Tang Dalei added: "Current physicians often have biases because they fail to cross-reference differences while reading, becoming confined to a single theory and forming preconceptions. Zhang Luyu, in the Preface to *Yitong*, stated: 'Ancient authors formulated their theories focusing on only one aspect.' This is indeed true. Thus, this is cited as a method for comprehensive reference in reading."