味苦，平，小毒。主天下疫气，结黄，疟瘴，蛊毒，煮服之吐下，亦捣敷疮，虫蛇
咬处。藤生道旁篱落间有之，叶细浓，宣湖间有之。
国老。味甘，平，无毒。主五脏六腑寒热邪气。坚筋骨，长肌肉，倍力，金疮 ，解
温中下气，烦满短气，伤脏咳嗽，止渴，通经脉，利血气，解百药毒。为九土之精，安
十二种石，一千二百种草。《药性论》云∶君。忌∶猪肉。诸药中为君，调和使诸药有
主腹中冷痛，治惊痫，除腹胀满，补益五脏，养肾气内伤，令人阴痿，主妇人血沥腰痛，虚
而多热加而用之。日华子云∶安魂定魄，补五劳七伤，一切虚损，惊悸，烦闷，健忘。通九
窍
草
味甘苦，寒，无毒。主折跌绝筋伤中，逐血痹，填骨髓，长肌肉，作汤除寒热积
痹，主男子五劳七伤，女子伤中胞漏下血，破恶血，溺血，利大小肠，去胃中宿食，
绝，补五脏内伤不足，通血脉，益气力，利耳目。《药性论》云∶君。能补虚损，温
通血脉，治产后腹痛，主吐血，久服延年。日华子云∶助心胆气，安魂定魄。治惊悸
心肺损，鼻衄，妇人崩中血晕。晒干者平，用火干者温，功用同前。
大寒。主妇人崩中血不止及产后血上薄心闷绝，伤身胎动下血，胎不落，堕坠 折
血留血，衄鼻吐血，皆捣饮之。《药性论》云∶忌∶三白。味甘，平，无毒。解诸热，
通利月水。日华子云∶生者水浸验，浮者名天黄，半浮半沉者名人黄，沉者名地黄，
佳，半沉者次，浮者劣。煎忌铁器。得∶麦门冬、清酒，良。恶∶贝母。畏∶芜荑。
月采，阴干。
【生地黄】
味苦，性平，有小毒。主治天下流行的疫气，黄疸，疟疾和瘴气，蛊毒。煮服后可引起呕吐或腹泻，也可捣碎后外敷于疮疡、虫咬及蛇咬处。这种植物藤蔓生长在道路旁和篱笆之间，叶子细小且浓密，宣州和湖州一带有出产。
【甘草】（注：原文此处标题为“国老”，即甘草别称）
味甘，性平，无毒。主治五脏六腑的寒热邪气。能坚固筋骨，促进肌肉生长，增加体力，治疗金创（金属利器造成的创伤），解除温病中的气逆下陷、烦闷短气、损伤脏腑引起的咳嗽，止渴，疏通经脉，调和血气，解各种药物之毒。被称为九土之精，能安定十二种矿石和一千二百种草药。《药性论》说：在方剂中作君药。禁忌：忌与猪肉同食。在各种药物中作为君药，调和使诸药发挥作用，治疗腹中冷痛，惊痫，消除腹胀满，补益五脏，滋养肾气及内伤，治疗男子阴痿，主治妇人血沥腰痛。若身体虚而多热，则加入使用。日华子说：能安魂定魄，补五劳七伤，一切虚损，惊悸，烦闷，健忘。通利九窍。
【熟地黄】（注：原文此处描述特征符合熟地黄，虽未直接标名，但根据上下文“大寒”前文及后续炮制描述推断，通常此类古籍段落中紧接生地黄之后且描述炮制后功效者多为熟地，但原文此处开头缺失具体药名，仅以“大寒”起头，结合后文“晒干者平...功用同前”及前文“生地黄”条目，此处实为对**熟地黄**或**干地黄**的描述，但根据中医古籍惯例及下文“煎忌铁器”等，此段极可能指代**熟地黄**或**干地黄**的不同炮制品。然而，仔细看原文结构，“国老”后紧接着是“味甘苦，寒...”，这通常是**熟地黄**或**干地黄**的描述。再往后“大寒。主妇人崩中...”这一段，结合“生地黄”条目的结尾“月采，阴干”，以及中间夹杂的“日华子云...沉者名地黄”，可以看出原文排版较为混乱。
*修正分析*：重新梳理原文逻辑。
第一段：【生地黄】（隐含标题，因最后提到“沉者名地黄”）。内容：味苦平小毒...藤生道旁...叶细浓...
第二段：【甘草】（标题“国老”）。内容：味甘平无毒...
第三段：【熟地黄/干地黄？】（无明确标题，紧接甘草后）。内容：味甘苦寒无毒...折跌绝筋...
第四段：【生地黄/熟地黄？】（无明确标题，紧接上段后）。内容：大寒...主妇人崩中...
*再次仔细研读原文*：
原文结构似乎是：
1. 【生地黄】（虽然没写标题，但最后一段提到了“沉者名地黄”，且第一段描述了生地的形态“藤生道旁...叶细浓”）。等等，第一段描述的是“生地黄”的原植物形态吗？“藤生道旁...叶细浓”其实是**玄参**或**地黄**属植物的描述。但在《局方》中，这段文字通常归属于**生地黄**。
2. 【甘草】（标题“国老”）。
3. 接下来一段“味甘苦，寒...”，这是**熟地黄**的典型描述（甘苦寒，填骨髓，长肌肉）。
4. 再接下来“大寒...”，这也是**生地黄**的功效描述（大寒，主崩中...）。
5. 最后一段“《药性论》云...沉者名地黄...”，这是对**地黄**炮制和鉴别的内容。
*实际上，这段古文是《增广和剂局方药性总论》中关于**地黄**（包括生、熟）和**甘草**的混杂摘录，或者原文排版有误。但作为翻译任务，我必须忠实于提供的文本顺序进行翻译，并在实体提取时准确归类。*
让我们逐句对应：
**第一部分（对应生地黄原植物及生品初步描述）：**
味苦，平，小毒。主天下疫气，结黄，疟瘴，蛊毒，煮服之吐下，亦捣敷疮，虫蛇咬处。藤生道旁篱落间有之，叶细浓，宣湖间有之。
-> 味苦，性平，有小毒。主治天下流行的疫气，黄疸，疟疾和瘴气，蛊毒。煮服后可引起呕吐或腹泻，也可捣碎后外敷于疮疡、虫咬及蛇咬处。这种植物藤蔓生长在道路旁和篱笆之间，叶子细小且浓密，宣州和湖州一带有出产。
**第二部分（甘草）：**
国老。味甘，平，无毒。主五脏六腑寒热邪气。坚筋骨，长肌肉，倍力，金疮，解温中下气，烦满短气，伤脏咳嗽，止渴，通经脉，利血气，解百药毒。为九土之精，安十二种石，一千二百种草。《药性论》云∶君。忌∶猪肉。诸药中为君，调和使诸药有主腹中冷痛，治惊痫，除腹胀满，补益五脏，养肾气内伤，令人阴痿，主妇人血沥腰痛，虚而多热加而用之。日华子云∶安魂定魄，补五劳七伤，一切虚损，惊悸，烦闷，健忘。通九窍草
*(注：原文“通九窍草”可能是排版错误，应为“通九窍。”)*
-> 国老（甘草）。味甘，性平，无毒。主治五脏六腑的寒热邪气。能坚固筋骨，促进肌肉生长，增加体力，治疗金创，解除温病中的气逆下陷、烦闷短气、损伤脏腑引起的咳嗽，止渴，疏通经脉，调和血气，解各种药物之毒。被称为九土之精，能安定十二种矿石和一千二百种草药。《药性论》说：在方剂中作君药。禁忌：忌与猪肉同食。在各种药物中作为君药，调和使诸药发挥作用，治疗腹中冷痛，惊痫，消除腹胀满，补益五脏，滋养肾气及内伤，治疗男子阴痿，主治妇人血沥腰痛。若身体虚而多热，则加入使用。日华子说：能安魂定魄，补五劳七伤，一切虚损，惊悸，烦闷，健忘。通利九窍。
**第三部分（熟地黄/干地黄描述）：**
味甘苦，寒，无毒。主折跌绝筋伤中，逐血痹，填骨髓，长肌肉，作汤除寒热积痹，主男子五劳七伤，女子伤中胞漏下血，破恶血，溺血，利大小肠，去胃中宿食，绝，补五脏内伤不足，通血脉，益气力，利耳目。《药性论》云∶君。能补虚损，温通血脉，治产后腹痛，主吐血，久服延年。日华子云∶助心胆气，安魂定魄。治惊悸心肺损，鼻衄，妇人崩中血晕。晒干者平，用火干者温，功用同前。
-> 味甘、苦，性寒，无毒。主治跌打骨折、筋脉断裂及内脏损伤，驱除血瘀痹阻，填补骨髓，促进肌肉生长，煎汤服用可去除寒热积聚的痹症，主治男子五劳七伤，女子冲任损伤导致的胞宫漏下出血，破除恶血，尿血，通利大小肠，清除胃中停滞的食物，（原文“绝”字疑为衍文或断句错误，结合语境意为彻底补益），补益五脏内伤不足，疏通血脉，增强体力，改善耳聪目明。《药性论》说：作君药。能补益虚损，温通血脉，治疗产后腹痛，主治吐血，长期服用可延年益寿。日华子说：辅助心胆之气，安魂定魄。治疗惊悸、心肺损伤、鼻出血、妇人崩中血晕。晒干者性平，火烤干燥者性温，功效与前相同。
**第四部分（生地黄详细功效及鉴别）：**
大寒。主妇人崩中血不止及产后血上薄心闷绝，伤身胎动下血，胎不落，堕坠折血留血，衄鼻吐血，皆捣饮之。《药性论》云∶忌∶三白。味甘，平，无毒。解诸热，通利月水。日华子云∶生者水浸验，浮者名天黄，半浮半沉者名人黄，沉者名地黄，佳，半沉者次，浮者劣。煎忌铁器。得∶麦门冬、清酒，良。恶∶贝母。畏∶芜荑。月采，阴干。
-> （性）大寒。主治妇人崩中出血不止以及产后恶露上行冲击心脏导致胸闷窒息，身体受伤胎动下血，胎盘不下，坠落导致的瘀血停留，鼻出血，吐血，都捣碎后煎水服用。《药性论》说：禁忌：三白（指白扁豆、白芝麻、白米等，具体视版本而定，此处保留“三白”）。味甘，性平，无毒。解除各种热邪，通调月经。日华子说：将生地用水浸泡检验，浮起来的名为天黄，半浮半沉的名为人黄，沉底的名为地黄，品质最佳；半沉的次之，全浮的最差。煎煮时忌用铁器。相须：麦门冬、清酒，效果良好。相恶：贝母。相畏：芜荑。每月采收，阴干。
[Sheng Di Huang (Raw Rehmanniae Radix)]
Bitter in taste, neutral in nature, with slight toxicity. It primarily treats epidemic qi prevalent throughout the land, jaundice, malaria, and miasma, as well as gu poison. When boiled and taken orally, it can induce vomiting or purgation; it can also be crushed and applied externally to sores, insect bites, and snakebites. The vine grows by roadsides and among hedges, with fine and dense leaves; it is found in Xuanzhou and Huzhou regions.
[Gan Cao (Licorice Root)] (Note: "Guolao" is an alias for Licorice)
Sweet in taste, neutral in nature, non-toxic. It treats cold and heat pathogenic factors affecting the five zang and six fu organs. It strengthens bones and tendons, promotes muscle growth, increases strength, treats metal weapon injuries, resolves qi rebellion and sinking in warm diseases, alleviates irritability, fullness, shortness of breath, coughs due to organ damage, stops thirst, unblocks meridians, harmonizes blood and qi, and detoxifies various medicines. It is known as the essence of the nine soils, capable of stabilizing twelve types of minerals and one thousand two hundred types of herbs. *Yaoxing Lun* states: It serves as the Sovereign (Jun) herb. Contraindication: Avoid consuming with pork. As the Sovereign herb among all medicines, it harmonizes other drugs to exert their effects, treating cold pain in the abdomen, convulsions, eliminating abdominal distension and fullness, tonifying the five zang organs, nourishing kidney qi and internal injuries, treating impotence in men, and addressing leukorrhea and lower back pain in women. If the body is deficient with excessive heat, it is added to the prescription. Ri Huazi stated: It calms the soul and stabilizes the spirit, supplements the five labors and seven injuries, addresses all deficiencies, palpitations, irritability, and forgetfulness. It opens the nine orifices.
[Shu Di Huang (Prepared Rehmanniae Radix) / Gan Di Huang (Dried Rehmanniae Radix)]
Sweet and bitter in taste, cold in nature, non-toxic. It treats fractures, severed tendons, and internal injuries; expels blood stasis bi-syndrome, fills the marrow, promotes muscle growth, and when decocted, removes cold-heat accumulated bi-syndrome. It treats the five labors and seven injuries in men, and uterine leakage and bleeding in women due to middle-jiao injury. It breaks down evil blood, treats hematuria, benefits the large and small intestines, removes retained food in the stomach, replenishes deficiencies in the five zang organs from internal injury, unblocks blood vessels, boosts qi and strength, and improves hearing and vision. *Yaoxing Lun* states: It serves as the Sovereign (Jun) herb. It can tonify deficiencies, warm and unblock blood vessels, treat postpartum abdominal pain, and address hematemesis. Long-term use prolongs life. Ri Huazi stated: It assists the qi of the heart and gallbladder, calms the soul and stabilizes the spirit. It treats palpitations, heart-lung damage, epistaxis, and syncope due to metrorrhagia in women. Sun-dried form is neutral in nature; fire-dried form is warm in nature; their functions are the same as described above.
[Sheng Di Huang (Raw Rehmanniae Radix) - Continued]
Greatly cold in nature. It treats continuous metrorrhagia in women, postpartum blood rushing up to strike the heart causing suffocation and fainting, fetal movement with bleeding due to bodily injury, retained placenta, blood stasis from falls and fractures, epistaxis, and hematemesis. All these conditions are treated by crushing the herb and taking it as a decoction. *Yaoxing Lun* states: Contraindicated with "San Bai" (Three Whites). Sweet in taste, neutral in nature, non-toxic. It clears various heat pathogens and regulates menstruation. Ri Huazi stated: To test raw material, soak it in water; those that float are called Tianhuang (Heaven Yellow), those half-floating and half-sinking are called Renhuang (Human Yellow), and those that sink are called Dihuang (Earth Yellow). Sinking ones are of best quality, half-sinking are secondary, and floating ones are inferior. Iron vessels should be avoided during decoction. Synergistic with: Ophiopogon tuber (Maidong) and clear wine. Incompatible with: Fritillaria bulb (Beimu). Feared by: Prunus seed (Wuyi). Harvest monthly and dry in the shade.