味甘苦，平、微寒，无毒。主解百毒，杀百精老物殃鬼，辟温疫瘴气邪气，蛊毒入口
皆吐出，中恶腹痛，时气毒 ，头痛寒热，风肿诸毒，喉痛口疮。《药性论》云，主小儿风
，惊痫，时气热疾，能治口齿风 肿疼，牙根浮烂恶臭，热毒脓血。除心肺风毒热壅闭不通
，痈肿，豌豆疮。日华子云∶安魂定魄，并鬼附啼泣，游风肿毒，口气疳 。今医家以治咽
喉肿痛，口舌生疮，解伤寒头痛，凡肿毒之属，殊效。细锉一两，水一升煎取浓汁，服之入
口即吐出毒瓦斯。
味甘咸，寒，无毒。主气癃，止痛，利水道小便，除湿痹。男子伤中，女子淋沥，
食，养肺强阴，益精，令人有子，明目，疗赤痛。叶及根∶味甘，寒。主金疮止血，衄
瘀血，血瘕下血，小便赤。止烦下气，除小虫。《药性论》云∶君。味甘，平。能去风
肝中风热，毒风冲眼，目赤痛，障翳，脑痛泪出，压丹石毒，去心胸烦热。叶∶主泄精
治尿血，能补五脏，明目，利小便，通五淋。日华子云∶常山为使。通小便淋沥，壮阳
脱精。一云∶其叶今医家生研，水解饮之，治衄血甚善。
味甘咸，寒，无毒。主风寒湿痹，乳难，消水，养五脏，益气力，肥健，补虚损五劳
除五脏痞满，起阴气，止泄精，消渴，淋沥，逐膀胱、三焦停水。叶∶味咸，无毒。主大
乳汁不出，产难，强阴气。实∶味甘，无毒。主风痹，消渴，益肾气，强阴，补不足，
气。《药性论》云，味苦。能主肾虚精自出，治五淋，利膀胱热，宣通水道。日华子云
五劳七伤，主头旋，耳虚鸣，筋骨挛缩，通小肠，止遗沥，尿血，催生，难产，补女人
令人有子。叶∶壮水脏，下乳，通血脉。畏∶海蛤、文蛤。
【升麻】
味甘、苦，性平、微寒，无毒。主治解除各种毒素，杀灭百精老物及殃鬼，辟除温疫、瘴气、邪气，蛊毒入口皆能吐出，治疗中恶腹痛、时气毒疰、头痛寒热、风肿诸毒、喉痛口疮。《药性论》记载，主治小儿风痫、惊痫、时气热疾，能治疗口齿风肿疼痛、牙根浮烂恶臭、热毒脓血。清除心肺风毒热壅闭不通，痈肿，豌豆疮。日华子说：安魂定魄，治疗鬼附啼泣、游风肿毒、口气疳蚀。现今医家用来治疗咽喉肿痛、口舌生疮，解除伤寒头痛，凡是属于肿毒的病症，效果显著。细锉一两，用水一升煎取浓汁，服用后入口即吐出毒瓦斯。
【车前子】
味甘、咸，性寒，无毒。主治气癃（小便不通），止痛，利水道小便，除湿痹。男子内伤，女子淋沥不尽，食积，养肺强阴，益精，使人有子，明目，治疗赤痛。叶和根：味甘，性寒。主治金疮止血，衄血瘀血，血瘕下血，小便赤红。止烦下气，除小虫。《药性论》记载：为君药。味甘，性平。能去除肝中风热，毒风冲眼，目赤痛，障翳，脑痛泪出，压制丹石毒，去除心胸烦热。叶：主治泄精、尿血，能补五脏，明目，利小便，通五淋。日华子说：以常山为使药。通小便淋沥，壮阳，固脱精。一说：其叶现今医家生研，水解饮之，治疗衄血非常好。
【泽泻】
味甘、咸，性寒，无毒。主治风寒湿痹，乳难（乳汁不畅），消水，养五脏，益气力，肥健，补虚损五劳，除五脏痞满，起阴气，止泄精，消渴，淋沥，逐膀胱、三焦停水。叶：味咸，无毒。主治大乳汁不出，产难，强阴气。实（种子）：味甘，无毒。主治风痹，消渴，益肾气，强阴，补不足，益气。《药性论》记载，味苦。能主治肾虚精自出，治疗五淋，利膀胱热，宣通水道。日华子说：治五劳七伤，主头旋，耳虚鸣，筋骨挛缩，通小肠，止遗沥，尿血，催生，难产，补女人虚损，令人有子。叶：壮水脏，下乳，通血脉。畏：海蛤、文蛤。
[Shengma] (Rhizoma Cimicifugae)
Sweet and bitter in flavor, neutral and slightly cold in nature, non-toxic. It primarily resolves various toxins, kills hundred spirits and old entities, wards off warm epidemics, miasma, evil qi, and causes gu poison to be vomited out upon entering the mouth. It treats zhong'e abdominal pain, shiqi du zhu (seasonal toxic stagnation), headache with chills and fever, wind swelling and various toxins, sore throat, and oral ulcers. *Yaoxing Lun* states that it treats pediatric wind convulsions, fright epilepsy, and seasonal febrile diseases; it can treat wind swelling and pain of the gums, floating and rotting teeth with foul odor, and heat toxin pus and blood. It clears wind toxin and heat obstruction in the heart and lungs, abscesses, and smallpox. Ri Huazi says: It calms the soul and stabilizes the spirit, treating ghost possession weeping, wandering wind swelling and toxins, and mouth gangrene. Modern physicians use it to treat sore throat and swelling, oral and tongue sores, relieve headache from shaohan (cold damage), and for all types of swelling toxins, showing remarkable efficacy. Finely chopped one liang, decocted in one sheng of water to obtain a thick liquid; upon ingestion, it immediately expels toxic vapors by vomiting.
[Cheqianzi] (Semen Plantaginis)
Sweet and salty in flavor, cold in nature, non-toxic. It primarily treats qi long (urinary retention), relieves pain, promotes urination via the water pathways, and removes damp-bi. For men, it treats internal injury; for women, it treats dribbling urine, food stagnation, nourishes the lung and strengthens yin, benefits essence, enables conception, brightens the eyes, and treats redness and pain. Leaves and roots: Sweet in flavor, cold in nature. They primarily treat metal wounds to stop bleeding, epistaxis and blood stasis, blood masses with lower bleeding, and red urine. They stop irritability and descend qi, and eliminate small parasites. *Yaoxing Lun* states: It serves as the sovereign herb. Sweet in flavor, neutral in nature. It can remove wind-heat from the liver, toxic wind attacking the eyes, red painful eyes, nebula, headache with tearing, suppress danshi toxicity, and remove vexing heat in the chest and heart. Leaves: Primarily treat seminal emission and hematuria; they can tonify the five zang organs, brighten the eyes, promote urination, and unblock the five types of lin syndrome. Ri Huazi says: Used with Changshan (Radix Dichroae) as the assistant herb. It unblocks dribbling urine, strengthens yang, and secures escaping essence. Another view states: The leaves are currently used by physicians raw, ground and mixed with water for drinking, which is very effective for treating epistaxis.
[Zexie] (Rhizoma Alismatis)
Sweet and salty in flavor, cold in nature, non-toxic. It primarily treats wind-cold-damp bi, difficulty in lactation, reduces water retention, nourishes the five zang organs, boosts qi and strength, promotes robustness, tonifies deficiency and damage from five labors, removes fullness in the five zang organs, raises yin qi, stops seminal emission, treats xiaoke (wasting-thirst), lin dribbling, and drives away stagnant water in the bladder and sanjiao. Leaves: Salty in flavor, non-toxic. They primarily treat complete lack of milk secretion, difficult labor, and strengthen yin qi. Seeds: Sweet in flavor, non-toxic. They primarily treat wind-bi, xiaoke, benefit kidney qi, strengthen yin, tonify insufficiency, and boost qi. *Yaoxing Lun* states: Bitter in flavor. It primarily treats spontaneous seminal emission due to kidney deficiency, treats the five lins, promotes bladder heat clearance, and unblocks water pathways. Ri Huazi says: It treats the five labors and seven injuries, primarily addresses vertigo, tinnitus due to ear deficiency, muscle and tendon contraction, unblocks the small intestine, stops dribbling urine, hematuria, induces labor, treats dystocia, tonifies women's deficiencies, and enables conception. Leaves: Strengthen the water organ (kidney), promote lactation, and unblock blood vessels. Aversion: Haige (Concha Arcae), Wen Ge (Concha Meretricis).