天地之形，其状如卵，六合于中，其圆如球，日月出没，营运于天之上，地之下，上下东西，周行如飞轮，春夏日
行北陆，秋冬日行南陆，太阳所临其气燠，故四方风气，各有偏胜。秦晋地气寒，遂寒病多而暑病少。吴越滇黔及
粤地气暖，故寒病常而暑病独剧。至八九月犹如伏时，彼中盲医不知，率以治寒剂投之，以火助火，又且禁人饮水食瓜，
至不可救。予万历丙午，典试粤四。棘闱中帘官 役多病此，呻吟声相闻，医皆以为寒。予诘之曰∶某日曾风雨，尔曾
服絮否，皆如法用凉剂而痊。抚台杨公异而索方，予冗中姑抽胸臆数款并方；杨公遂付之梓，题曰张司农活人说。今其
板贮西粤藩司中，杨公仁者乎，急于济人如此，地气不同，治法亦异，犹越人见 而骇毳，燕人见布而疑 ，气局之识
圉之耳，安可一概施药哉？寒而但见其寒，限于今也。热而不知其热，拘于古也。予虑大迷不解，特变而表之。
霖按∶地形如球，凡日光所临之赤道其气暖，故南北皆有冰海也。以中国言，西北高原，病多风寒，东南卑下，病
多湿
热。豆疹一证，相传为马伏波征南所染，流入中原，盖南越为君火之方，得气最先，北口外至今未有豆患，缘
寒水凝结之乡，君火之气不及，《素问》异法方宜论，不可不究心研玩也。
天地的外形，形状像一枚卵，六合（指上下和东西南北四方）位于其中，整体圆润如球。日月在天的上方、地的下方出没运行，上下东西方向，周而复始地运转如同飞轮。春夏季节，太阳运行在北陆（北方星宿区域），秋冬季节，太阳运行在南陆（南方星宿区域）。太阳所照射到的地方，气候就温暖，因此四方的风气，各自有偏胜的情况。
秦晋地区的地气寒冷，所以寒病多而暑病少。吴越、滇黔以及广东地区的地气温暖，所以寒病常见，但暑病尤其严重。到了八九月仍然像伏天一样炎热，那里的庸医不知道这一点，一概用治疗寒病的药方投治，以火助火，并且禁止病人饮水吃瓜，导致病情发展到不可救治的地步。
我在万历丙午年，主持广东的科举考试。考场中帘官和差役大多染上这种病，呻吟声互相听得见，医生们都认为是寒证。我质问他们说：“某日曾有过风雨，你们穿过棉絮衣服吗？”大家都回答说没有。于是我用凉剂依法治疗，他们都痊愈了。巡抚杨公对此感到惊奇并索要药方，我在繁忙之中姑且抽出心中想到的几条及方子；杨公于是将其刻印出版，题名为《张司农活人说》。现在其书版存放在西粤布政使司中，杨公真是仁人君子啊，如此急于救人。地气不同，治疗方法也各异，这就像越国人见到狐狸尾巴就惊恐，燕国人见到布匹就怀疑是蛇皮一样，这是受地域局限的认识束缚罢了，怎么能一概而论施药呢？只看到寒象而不知其为热，是被当下的现象所局限；只知热象而不知其本质为热（注：此处原文“热而不知其热”疑为笔误或特定语境，结合上下文意为拘泥于古法认为天冷必寒，实则当下为热，或者指对热证认识不足。根据后文“特变而表之”，意指纠正错误认知。此处直译：热而不知其热，拘于古也。意即：面对热证却因拘泥古法而未能正确识别或处理），这是被古代成法所拘束。我担心大家迷惑不解，特意改变观点加以表明。
霖按：地形如球，凡是日光直射的赤道地区，气候温暖，所以南北两极都有冰海。拿中国来说，西北高原，疾病多为风寒；东南地势低洼，疾病多为湿热。痘疹这一病症，相传是马援（马伏波）征讨南方时染上的，流入中原。大概南越属于君火方位，得阳气最早，北口外至今没有痘患，原因是那里是寒水凝结之乡，君火之气达不到，《素问·异法方宜论》，不可不深入研究玩味。
The form of Heaven and Earth is like an egg, with the Six Directions (Shangxia, Dongxi, Nanbei) contained within, round as a sphere. The sun and moon rise and set, operating above Heaven and below Earth, moving up, down, east, and west in a continuous rotation like a flying wheel. In spring and summer, the sun travels through the Northern Constellations; in autumn and winter, it travels through the Southern Constellations. Where the Sun shines, the Qi is warm; thus, the wind Qi of the four directions each has its predominant excess.
In the regions of Qin and Jin, the local Qi is cold, so Cold diseases are numerous while Summerheat diseases are few. In Wu, Yue, Dian, Qian, and Guangdong, the local Qi is warm, so Cold diseases are common, but Summerheat diseases are particularly severe. Even in the eighth and ninth months, it remains as hot as the dog days. Ignorant physicians there do not understand this; they generally administer formulas for treating Cold, adding fire to fire, and furthermore forbid patients from drinking water or eating melons, leading to conditions that are incurable.
In the Bingwu year of the Wanli era, I presided over the imperial examinations in Guangdong. Many officials and servants in the examination compound suffered from this illness, their groans audible to one another. Physicians all considered it a Cold syndrome. I questioned them, saying, "On such-and-such day, there was wind and rain; did you wear padded cotton clothing?" They all answered according to the truth. I then treated them lawfully with Cooling agents, and they recovered. Governor Yang was surprised by this and requested the prescription. Amidst my busy schedule, I briefly extracted several items and formulas from my mind; Governor Yang then had them printed, titling it *Zhang Sinong's Life-Saving Sayings*. Currently, the printing blocks are stored in the Provincial Administration Commission of Western Guangdong. Governor Yang is indeed a benevolent person, so eager to help others. Since local Qi differs, treatment methods also differ. This is akin to a man from Yue being startled by a fox's tail or a man from Yan suspecting cloth to be a snake skin; such perceptions are constrained by regional limitations. How can one apply medicine uniformly? Seeing only Cold when it is Cold is limited by the present circumstances; failing to recognize Heat when it is Heat is constrained by ancient texts. Fearing great confusion and lack of understanding, I have specially altered my presentation to clarify this.
Lin notes: The shape of the terrain is spherical. Wherever sunlight strikes directly at the equator, the Qi is warm, hence ice seas exist at both poles. Speaking of China, the northwestern plateau sees many Wind-Cold diseases, while the southeastern lowlands see many Damp-Heat diseases. The condition of smallpox/rash is traditionally said to have been contracted by Ma Fu Bo (Ma Yuan) during his southern campaign and subsequently spread to the Central Plains. Generally speaking, Southern Yue belongs to the direction of Sovereign Fire, receiving the Qi earliest. Outside the northern passes, there have been no outbreaks of smallpox to this day, because it is a region where cold water condenses, and the Qi of Sovereign Fire does not reach it. One must thoroughly study and ponder the *Su Wen* chapter on "Different Methods and Appropriate Treaties for Different Regions."